Name:__________________________________________ Date:______________SCIN#____________
Rocks, Minerals and Paleontology Review
Rocks are made up of __________________________ and other __________________________.
There are _________ major categories of rocks, and 2 “in-between” states (magma
and sediments)
Let’s talk about the three categories of rocks.
1. Igneous- latin for ____________________. ________________ rocks form when
________________________ cools, ____________________, and forms a solid rock.
Magma
Igneous Rock
Draw in the boxes.
Name the most popular igneous rock ________________________.
What’s the largest outcropping of granite in North America? Hint: it’s local
When igneous rock forms inside the earth, it cools _____________________. This
causes ________________ crystals to form.
When igneous rock forms on earth’s surface, it cools _____________________. This
causes _______________ crystals to form.
2. Sedimentary Rocks are made of _____________________.
3. Sediment is small, _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
Water, wind, and ____________ can carry sediment and deposit it in layers.
The steps for creating a sedimentary rock from sediment are:
1. Erosion- ___________________________________________________________________________
2. Deposition- ________________________________________________________________________
3. Compaction- _______________________________________________________________________
4. Cementation - _____________________________________________________________________
Draw your own version of sedimentary rock formation here.
There are 3 types of sedimentary rocks. List and give an example of each.
A. Clastic: ______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________ ex:
B. _________________________-forms where the remains of plants and animals are
deposited in thick layers Ex:
C. Chemical ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ Ex:
4. Metamorphic Rocks
Meta means ______________________ and morphosis means ________________________.
_____________________ and _______________________ deep beneath earth’s surface can
change any rock into metamorphic rock.
When I see the words _____________________ and _______________________ I automatically
think: METAMORPHIC ROCK!!!!
When a rock changes into metamorphic rock, its appearance, texture, crystal
structure, and mineral composition change.
Geologists classify metamorphic rocks by ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
What is a foliated rock? _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
The Rock Cycle
Forces inside Earth and at the surface ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Finish the diagram. Use page. 95 if you need some help. Use these terms: heat and
pressure, erosion, cooling and hardening, melting and draw arrows to indicate the
direction. One has been done for you.
Erosion
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Molten Material
Metamorphic Rock
(Magma)
Melting
Scientists who study fossils are ____________________________. (pg. 286)
Fossils are
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
They are found in ______________________ rock because the heat and pressure of a
metamorphic rock or the melting of igneous rock would ______________________ them.
Most fossils are found when living things are buried by sediment. The sediment
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Most fossils form from animals or plants that once lived in or near quiet water
such as __________________, lakes, or ________________ seas where sediments build up.
Fossils found in rock include petrified fossils, molds and casts, carbon films, and
trace fossils or when the remains of organisms are preserved in substances such as
tar, amber or ice.
Preserved remains are found with little or no change, even sometimes preserving
an entire large organism like a wooly mammoth. The La Brea tar pits in Los
Angeles, California have preserved many fossils. Thousands of years ago, animals
came to ____________________________________ the water and became _____________________ in
the tar and then died. The tar soaked into __________________________________, preserving
the bones from decay.
Amber is ______________________________________________________________.
There are two ways to determine the age of fossils. Their ________________________ age
is their age compared to the ages of other rocks. What’s your relative age?
_____________________________________________________________________________
The absolute age is the _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________. Tell your absolute
age______________.
The law of superposition states ________________________________________________________
Label the layers of rock from youngest to oldest.
There are exceptions to every rule!!! (except class rules )
Faults are ______________________________________. A fault is an exception to the law of
superposition because faults are ______________________ than the rock they run through.
Intrusions are another exception to the law of _________________________ because the
intrusion is also always _____________________________ than the rock around it.
An index fossil is useful because they tell the _______________________________________ or the
rock layers in which they occur.
We use the ______________________________________________ to divide up earths history
because it is so great! Who can even imagine millions or billions of years!!!!
The geologic time scale is ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In your own words: Why do you think that we even care about fossils? Describe the
importance of studying the age of rocks and minerals and fossils.
Use the boxes below to divide the geologic time into usable parts.
Precambrian
Time
Use these terms to complete the box. Precambrian time, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and
Cenozoic Eras
Include the organisms present. Reptiles, mammals, invertebrates,
Describe in your own words: Paleontologists have learned a great deal from the
study of fossils. What have they learned about the difference between the organisms
from Precambrian time all the way through the Cenozoic Era?