Cell Biology Webquest
Cell Biologists:
______________________________________
______________________________________
Period: ___________
Date: ____________
Part I: CELL TYPES AND NOT SO CELLULAR VIRUSES
Your first assignment is distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and viruses 1
You will need to maneuver around the following sites:
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm and
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html.
1. What are the two main types of cells
Go to http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cells/common.html
2. What are four things in common in all cells?
Go to http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/virwhat.html#Viruses
3.
What is a virus?
4. List two ways that virus are non-living even though virus are biologically active
A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the
following statements best explains this difference?
A.
Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
B.
Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.
C.
Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells.
D.
Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.
Part II: Macromolecules2
Go to http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/biokit/intro.html and answer the following
questions:
1. What are the six most common elements in biomolecules?
2. Sharing electrons forms what kind of bonds?
3. What is the formula for an amino group_________________? And a phosphate group________?
Part III. Cell Organelles
Go to http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cells.htm and
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cells/intro.html
Describe the following structures and functions of the organelles listed:
1 1c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general
structure.
2 1h. Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small
collection of simple precursors.
1.
Cell membrane3:
2.
What two kinds of molecules are missing and what are their functions – hint starts with a “c” and you will
need to recall information presented in class.
3.
Cell Wall
4.
Vacuole
5.
Nucleus
6.
Chloroplast
7.
Centrioles
8.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a.
Smooth
b. Rough
9.
Ribosomes
10. Golgi Apparatus
11.
3
4
Mitochondria4:.
1a. Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings.
1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose
to carbon dioxide.
12. Lysosome
Human tears contain the enzyme lysozyme, which damages the cell walls of bacteria. Which of the following
statements about lysozyme is most accurate?
A. Lysozyme causes mutations in bacterial cell wall molecules.
B. Lysozyme is destroyed as it digests bacterial cell wall molecules.
C. Lysozyme breaks a specific type of bond in a bacterial cell wall molecule.
D. Lysozyme is converted to another chemical by a bacterial cell wall molecule.
Part IV: Cell Transport and OSMOSIS
Now go to explores osmosis http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/Science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm and Go to:
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm
Click “continue” and answer the “Pop-up Questions.” When you are finished, click on “Plant cell” and read the text.
4) Which organelle in the plant cell would mainly help the cell take in water or get rid of water, just like the potato
did? This is also known as “osmosis.” How do you know that this organelle would help with that process?
5) Which organelle, if empty, would cause the plant to wilt? Why is this?
Many bacteria live in fresh water. Which of these statements best describes what will happen when freshwater
bacterial cells are placed in salt water?
a) Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to expand.
b) Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
c) Water enters the cell, causing the cell to expand.
d) Water enters the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
The diagram below illustrates how plant root cells take in mineral ions from the surrounding soil.
Which of the following processes is illustrated?
A.
active transport
B.
diffusion
C.
osmosis
D.
passive filtration
Which of the diagrams below best represents the net movement of molecules in osmosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Part V. NUTRIENT CYCLING
Open a new window in your browser and go to
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/Science/Biology12/Metabolic%20Processes/Metabolic%20Processes.htm
and http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cellresp/intro.html to explore where the cell
respiration process of glycolysis and electron transport chain occur. Make sure to describe what is
happening in glycolysis and the electron transport chain, and fermentation
A. Glycolysis
B. Electron Transport Chain
C. Fermentation
Part VI. ILLUMINATING PHOTOSYNTHESIS5
Go to http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html# and complete the following
questions.
Photosynthesis in plants and a few bacteria is responsible for feeding nearly all life on Earth. Plants and
bacteria do this by taking energy from the sun and converting it into a storable form, usually the sugar glucose,
which plants use for their own life processes (why they are called producers). Animals that consume plants
also make use of this energy, as do those that consume those that consume plants, and so on to the top of the
food chain (called consumers). As important a job as making all of the world's food is, there's another vital
function that photosynthesis performs. Photosynthesis generates the oxygen that oxygen-breathing animals
need to survive. But here we animals repay the favor. We exhale the carbon dioxide that plants need for
photosynthesis. This feature takes a look at the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle and at the process of
photosynthesis.
The Cycle
The girl exhales _______________________. The plant takes in _________________ and releases
_______________________. The girl uses the red can to add _________ to the plant. The plant
transfers the ____________ throughout the plant. When the blinds come up and _____________ shines on
the plant, then the plant actively releases ______________ which the girl then _________. Summary:
You added some _________________ along with some __________ and ___________. The plant in the
room is now “breathing” and so is the cute little tyke.
Atomic Shuffle
Photosynthesis, the trapper of ___________________; is needed for life to subsist (continue). Most all
plants use the process to make _________ without it most life would desist (discontinue). The process
begins with plain _____________ but not from the tap does it flow. Some water is made within leaf cells and
some is sucked up from below (roots). The molecular formula for water is __________ which means it has
_____ atom of oxygen and _____ atoms of hydrogen. With energy gained from sunlight, the plant strips the
_____________ from the _____________ in water. These oxygen atoms then form a twosome (diatomic)
and diffuse out of the plant leaf. Meanwhile ________________ has just entered through holes in the leaf
called _________________. This gas is exhaled by Earth’s creatures including all invertebrates.
The _______________ that enters the plant goes through changes. It’s atoms get rearranged, losing an
oxygen which combines with _______ to form water. But the plant has a bigger goal to make food for
storage. It builds a big structure made of up (C)_____________, (H)______________, and
(O)___________ to form _____________, and it is really sweet. Glucose is a monosaccharide that combines
to form starch which is a carbohydrate. The overall photosynthesis reaction is:
Since there is water on both sides of the equal sign, the equation can be simplified as:
When we balance chemical equations we are demonstrating an important natural law of the conservation of
mass.
1) Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down
quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following?
5
A.
amino acids
B.
lipids
C.
monosaccharides
D.
RNA chains
1f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon
dioxide
Which of the following occurs during photosynthesis?
A. CO2 is used to produce water.
B.
CO2 is absorbed by mitochondria.
C.
CO2 and H2O are converted to carbohydrates.
D. CO2 and H2O are combined into carbonic acid.
Part VII. MITOSIS TUTORIAL
Go to the following website: http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm On the left side of the screen is a navigation
bar, click on the link to “MITOSIS” Read the text on this page and view the animation, you can slow down the video
by clicking step by step through the phases.
1. List the stages of mitosis
2. Which stage does the following occur
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
____________________________
Chromosomes align in center of cell.
____________________________
Longest part of the cell cycle.
____________________________
Nuclear envelope (membrane) breaks down.
____________________________
Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells.
____________________________
Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles.
____________________________
Watch the video carefully.
3. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids, each one is an exact duplicate of the other.
--How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis?
-- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis?
The little green T shaped things on the cell are centrioles.
-- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis?
4. Identify the stages of these cells:
___________________ ________________
_____________________
_________________
Part VIII. BIOINFOMATICS6
Go to http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/intro.html and answer the following
questions
1.
What is the Central Dogma____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Diagram the Central Dogma
3. In What part of the cell does transcription occur _________________________.
4. In what part of the cell does translation occur____________________________.
Part IX. LIFE APPLICATIONS
Cell Disorders and Diseases… http://www.umdf.org/site/c.dnJEKLNqFoG/b.3041929/ click what is a mitochondrial
disease
1. How is a person’s life affected by mitochondrial disease?
Go to http://www.pompe.com/patient/learning/pc_eng_pt_lsds.asp
2. What organelle does “Pompe Disease” affect in the cell, and how does this disease affect someone’s life?
Games and Activities…
http://www.cellsalive.com/puzzles/index.htm and complete jigsaw puzzles!
http://www.cellsalive.com/puzzles/index.htm and try the word puzzles at the bottom of the page!
http://webinstituteforteachers.org/~halliepeskin/2003/activity3.html plant cell labeling
http://webinstituteforteachers.org/~halliepeskin/2003/activity4.html animal cell labeling
http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/cellgame/cellpin.html animal cell labeling
http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/cellgame/CellGamePlant.html plant cell labeling
http://science.nhmccd.edu/BIOL/biolab/cell.htm animal cell labeling
Congratulations, cell biologists!
6
1d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Extra Credit – Challenging Onion Root Tip - Online Activity
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html
Read the introduction, then click the “next” button.
You will have 36 cells to classify. When you're finished, record your data in the chart below.
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total
Number of cells
36
Percent of cells
(calculate: number of cells divided by total
cells x 100 )
100 %
Did you forget a calculator -- no problem. Go to www.calculator.com and click on the “fractions” calculator. A
window with a virtual calculator will open and you can do the math from there.
Congratulations, cell biologists!