6 th
Grade Final Exam STUDY GUIDE:
If you know ALL of these facts/concepts, you will have no problem acing the final exam.
1.) you MUST know the basic units of the metric system: The meter – length, the liter – volume and/or capacity, the gram or kilogram – mass, Celsius and Kelvin are the metric measures of temperature and the “second” is the standard base unit of time!
2.) You MUST know all the steps of the Scientific Method IN their PROPER sequence.
3.) The Atom:
You need to know, the Proton is in the nucleus, and positive, the electron orbits in a wave cloud and is negative, the neutron is in the nucleus and has NO charge. You need to know that an ION is a CHARGED atom –either positive, or negative. An ISOTOPE is an atom whose atomic MASS has changed because of the change in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
4.) You need to know examples of several types of energy: Mechanical—energy of moving parts/motors/machines, Electical—energy of the flow of electricity through conductors like wires, Chemical—the energy stored in a chemical reaction, such as found in some batteries or in the process of photosynthesis. Potential Energy—energy that is stored up, and Kinetic—energy that is IN MOTION and active.
5.) Know the simple machines: 1 st class lever—see-saw, 2 nd class lever—wheelbarrow,
3 rd
class lever—hammer or baseb all bat. Inclined plane—a slanted surface used to make moving heavy objects upward, easier—by increasing the length of the force. The Screw: -
-an inclinded plane WRAPPED around a cylinder. The Wheel and Axle, an adapted lever foun in such things as bicycle gears, and those in clocks and watches. Pulley systems are also adaptations of both the lever and wheel and axle.
6.) Know that:
Speed is Distance OVER time.
Acceleration is the RATE of CHANGE of SPEED.
The Law of conservation of Energy: Energy can be neither created NOR destroyed.
Light waves travel on TRANSVERSE (s-shaped) waves.
Sound waves travel on LONGITUDINAL (slinky-back-and-forth) waves.
In a solution the liquid that a substance is dissolved INTO, is the SOLUTE, and the thing BEING “dissolved” is the SOLVENT.
7.) LAWS:
Newton’s first Law (of motion) Inertia –things tend to stay at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an UN-balanced force.
Newton’s second Law (of motion) Force equals MASS times ACCELERATION.
Newton’s third Law: (of motions) For every action, there is an equal and
OPPOSITE reaction.

Newton’s law of Gravity: Gravity between ANY two objects increases with how close two objects are, AND also with increased mass—Gravity DECREASES with more distance and LESS mass.
Conservation of Matter: Matter can be NEITHER CREATED, nor
DESTROYED—but CAN be transformed from one type to another.
8.) Know That:
Solids are locked into a crystalline shape with very little molecular motion,
(vibrating only back and forth) definite shape and definite volume.
Liquids take the shape of their containers—the molecules/atoms flow/roll around each other.
Gas: atoms/molecules are completely free to flow—will fill the conainter they are placed in – no definite shape OR definite volume.
Plasma: Ionized gas.
9. KNOW:
The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, the visible spectrum (very small part) and high intensity X-Rays and Gamma Rays.
Gamma rays are short, high frequency, and very high energy.
Radio waves are LONGER, lower frequency, and LESS energy: MICROWAVES are the SHORTEST of all the radio waves.
Radio waves are “modulated” by amplitude (AM) and frequency, (FM) creating
FM and AM radio signals.
Light waves do NOT require a medium, almost all other waves DO.
A circuit is a path through which an electric current can travel.
Series Circuits allow only one path—one thing breaks on that circuit, and everything along that path shuts. Down.
Parallel Circuits allow different paths, so that if one appliance should shut down, the path remainse closed—hence the others continue to operate.
Circuit breakers, and fuses are SAFETY devices, designed to prevent an overflow of electric current through one circuit.
A closed circuit is one allowing electric flow—open ones are “off’ and do not .
The AMP (Ampere) is a measure of electrical current.
The VOLT is a measure of the potential difference (Tug, or Pull) of a current.
The WATT is a measure of electrical POWER—or RATE at which work is done.
The OHM is a measure of electrical RESISTANCE.
Know ALL of that—and you can’t help but make an A, or darned close to one.
Know most of it and you still should easily be able to pass. Good Luck to everyone, and have a safe enjoyable summer!
Mr. S.