MAKERERE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
METEOROLOGY UNIT
PROPOSAL FOR A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
METEOROLOGY PROGRAM IN MAKERERE
UNIVERSITY
JUNE 2010
1
Table of contents
1.0
Introduction
2.0
Justification
3.0
Objectives
4.0
Resources
4.1
Staffing
4.2
Scholastic Materials
4.3
Space
5.0
Regulations
5.1
Name of the degree
5.2
Nature of the Program
5.3
Definition of Terms
5.4
Duration of the Program
5.5
Admission requirements
5.6
Grading
5.6.1 Grade point Average
5.6.2 Cumulative Grade Point Average
5.6.3 Classification of the degree
5.6.4 Course Work
5.6.5 Examinations
5.6.6 Pass Mark
5.6.7 Progression
5.6.8 Discontinuation
5.6.9 Absence from Examination
5.7
Semester load
5.8
Graduation Requirements
6.0
Curriculum
6.1
Course Contents
Annex I
Personnel
Annex II
Budget
Annex III
Books available
Annex IV
Support letters
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Proposed Bachelor of Science in Meteorology (B.Sc. Met)
Program
1.0
Introduction
Meteorology is applied in many sectors of economy which include agriculture, aviation,
forestry, water development and water resource management, communication, tourism,
human and animal health, civil works, and disaster preparedness among others.
In Uganda, Meteorology training has been at diploma and postgraduate diploma levels
provided by the National Meteorological Training School, Entebbe and the Meteorology
Unit, Department of Geography, Makerere University respectively. The Training School
in Entebbe and the Meteorology Department, Ministry of water and Environment have
been supporting the program at Makerere University. However there is no undergraduate
training in Meteorology in the country and therefore the necessity for introduction of BSc
in Meteorology at Makerere University.
2.0
Justification of the program
Weather and climate is the driver and key determinant of the status of other natural
resources such as forestry, water development and water resource management, tourism,
wildlife to mention a few. It is also useful in aviation, Agriculture, construction, disaster
preparedness, communication and health among others
Climate change which has also started manifesting itself mainly through increased
frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods and landslides, is posing a
serious challenge to Uganda’s natural resources, social and economic development.
Consequently, it is essential to recognize that today, climate variability, and change are
some of the most important bottlenecks to meeting development objectives such as
poverty alleviation, food, water, and even improved health. Unfortunately there is no
undergraduate training in Meteorology in Uganda, thus leading to a shortage of
meteorology professionals in the Country.
In light of the above, there is necessity to train more meteorologists to provide the critical
meteorological services and information to the user communities/ stakeholders. However,
being a specialized profession, meteorologists have been incurring high costs of training
abroad due to absence of such program in any of the Universities in Uganda.
It is against this background that it is proposed that a course in Meteorology at
underground level be introduced at Makerere University.
1
3.0
Objectives of the program
The main objective is to train highly skilled and competent meteorological personnel to
serve in different sectors of the economy including operations, research and training
institutions.
Specific objectives are to:
1. Produce personnel with appropriate technical and managerial skills in
meteorology.
2. Produce professional meteorologist to undertake research in meteorology and
other related issues.
4.0
Resources
The Meteorology program proposed will require significant amount of resources ranging
from personnel to space and equipment. Part of these resources have already been
provided through NORAD aid to the Meteorology Unit.
4.1
Staffing
The Geography department in particular the Meteorology Unit has 9 members of
academic staff with potential to teach on this program. In addition to this the
Meteorology Unit is in contact with other University Departments, the Department of
Meteorology in the Ministry of Water and Environment as well as the National
Meteorological Training School and all these will provide extra human resources to run
the program (See Annex 1).
4.2
Scholastic Materials
The sources of materials will include the Meteorology Unit book bank, the Geography
Department book bank, the main University Library, and the Uganda Meteorology
Department library located at the Headquarters as well as the National Meteorological
Training School Library.
The Meteorology Unit has 6 computers. The Unit also Hosts a Meteorology weather
station run by the Meteorology Department which will be utilized in this program.
Specialized equipment such as charts and air balloons will be provided by the
Department of Meteorology in the Ministry of water and Environment.
4.3
Space
The Meteorology Unit owns the first floor on the Faculty of Computing and Information
Technology (FCIT) building which includes a lecture room, computer room, seminar
room, and offices. In the event of a need for additional space, the program will share the
existing physical facilities with other programs in the faculty of Arts.
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5.0
Regulations
This section explains the regulations that will govern the program
5.1
Name of the degree
The degree shall be called Bachelor of Science in Meteorology, B.Sc.Met.
5.2
Nature of the program
This is a day program for both government and private students.
5.3
Definition of terms
Semester:
One standard semester comprises of:
15 weeks of classes
2 weeks of Examinations
Contact Hours (CH)
A contact hour shall be equivalent to one (1) hour of lecture or two (2) hours of
tutorial/practical/field work.
Credit Unit (CU)
A Credit Unit is a measure used to reflect the relative weight of a given course towards
the fulfillment of a B.Sc.Met. One Credit Unit shall be one contact hour per week per
semester or a series of fifteen (15) contact hours.
Core Course:
A Core course is a course, which is essential to an Academic Programme and gives the
Academic Programme its unique features. All the students who have registered for a
particular programme take the course. A core course is compulsory for all students who
have registered for a particular programme and must be passed.
Elective Course:
An elective course is a course offered in order to broaden an Academic Programme or to
allow for specialization. It is chosen from a given group of Courses largely at the
convenience of the student. Another Elective course may be substituted for a failed
Elective Course.
Audited course:
An Audited Course is a course taken by a student for which a Credit/Credit Unit is not
awarded.
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Pre-requisite Course:
A Pre-requisite is a condition (either course or classification) which must be satisfied
prior to enrolling for the course in question. A Pre-requisite Course, therefore, is a course
offered in preparation for a higher level course in the same area of study.
5.4
Duration of the program
This is a three year program run for six semesters.
5.5
Admission requirements
Admission to the B.Sc. Met. Degree course is through three avenues; Direct entry,
Mature age and Diploma schemes.
i. Direct entry
Candidates seeking admission through this avenue must have obtained:
1) At least two principal passes at the same sitting in Uganda Advanced
Certificate of Education (UACE) or its equivalent.
2) The essential subjects are Mathematics and any one of; Physics,
Geography, Economics, chemistry Biology and Agriculture.
3) Any one of the subjects; Physics, Geography, Economics, chemistry
Biology and Agriculture will be taken as a relevant subject.
ii. Mature age entry scheme
For admission under the Mature Age Entry Scheme, a candidate must have
passed the Makerere University Age Mature Entry Examination
iii Diploma entry
Applicants should possess at least a second class diploma in Meteorology or
its equivalent from a recognized institution.
5.6
Grading
The overall marks a candidate obtains in each course he/she took shall be graded
out of a maximum of one hundred (100) marks and assigned appropriate letter
grades and Grade Points as follows:
Marks %
80-100
75-79.9
70-74.9
65-69.9
60-64.9
55-59.9
50-54.9
45-49.9
40-44.9
35-39.9
Below 35
Letter Grade
A
B+
B
BC+
C
CD+
D
DE
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Grade Point
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
5.6.1 Grade Point Average (GPA)
The GPA is calculated by a three-step procedure: (1) multiply the grade points for each
course by the number of CU for that course; (2) add the figures for each of these courses
to arrive at the grade point total; (3) divide this grade point total by the total number of
credits (CU) for which a grade was received.
5.6.2 Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
The Cumulative Grade Point Average at a given time shall be obtained by:(a)
Multiplying the grade point obtained in each Course by the Credit Units
assigned to the Course to arrive at the weighted score for the Course.
(b)
Adding together the weighted scores for all the courses taken up to that
time
Dividing the total weighted score by the total number of Credit Units
taken up to that time.
(c)
5.6.3 Classification of the degree
The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) for the various classes shall be as
indicated below:Class
First Class
Second Class Upper
Second Class Lower
Pass
Fail
CGPA
4.40-5.00
4.00-4.39
3.00-3.99
2.00-2.99
Less than 2.0
5.6.4
Course work (CW)
(i)
Course work or Progressive Assessment (PA) shall consist of marks obtained in tests,
assignments, practical, tutorials, presentations and field work. At least 1 assignment
and 1 test or two tests shall be administered in each course.
Course work shall contribute 30% of the final mark in each course without
practical component or 40% if the course involves practical work.
(ii)
5.6.5 Examinations
Each course shall be assessed in two (2) parts as follows:
(a)
The Coursework (Progressive/Continuous Assessment) shall contribute
30% of the total marks or 40% if the course involves practical work.
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(b)
The Coursework (Progressive/Continuous Assessment) component shall
consist of at least one (1) test and one (1), assignment, tutorial, presentation
or field work or two (2) tests per course.
(c)
The University Examinations, which shall contribute a maximum of 70%
of the total marks.
5.6.6 Pass Mark
A candidate is deemed to have passed the Semester Examination if the candidate obtains at
least 50% of the marks in each course individually.
5.6.7 Progression
Progression through the program shall be assessed in three ways:
i. Normal progress
This occurs when a student passes each course taken with a minimum GP of 2.0
ii. Probationary
This is a warning stage and occurs if either the CGPA is less than 2.0 and/or the student has
failed a core course. Probation is waved when conditions cease to hold.
iii.
Retaking a course or courses
(a)
A student shall retake a Course or Courses when next offered again in
order to obtain at least the Pass Mark (50%) if he/she had failed during the
First Assessment in the Course or Courses.
(b)
While retaking a Course or Courses, a student shall:1
Attend all the prescribed lectures/tutorials/Practical/Fieldwork in
the Course or Courses;
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Satisfy all the requirements for the Coursework component in the
Course or Courses; and
Sit for the University Examinations in the Course or Courses.
(c)
When a student has retaken a course the better of the two Grades he/she
has obtained in that Courses shall be used in the computation of his/her
cumulative Grade Average (CGPA).
(d)
Whenever a Course or Courses has/have been retaken, the Academic
transcript shall indicate so accordingly.
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5.6.8 Discontinuation
(i)
A student who has failed to obtain at least the Pass Mark (50%) during the
third Assessment in the same Course or Courses he/she had retaken shall
be discontinued from his/her studies at the University.
(ii)
A student who has overstayed in an Academic Program by more than
Three (3) Years shall be discontinued from his/her studies at the
University.
5.6.9 Absence from Examination
5.7
(i)
If the Faculty Board found out that a student has no justifiable reason for
having been absent from a particular examination, such a student shall
receive a fail (F) Grade for the Course(s) he/she had not sat the
examination in. The Course(s) in which the Fail (F) Grade was/were
awarded shall also count in the calculation of the CGPA.
(ii)
If the Faculty Board is satisfied that a student was absent from a final
examination due to justifiable reason(s) such as sickness or loss of a
parent/guardian, a Course Grade of ABS shall be assigned to that
Course(s). The student shall be permitted to retake the final examination
when the Course would be next offered or at the next examination season
if the Lecturer concerned can make the appropriate arrangements for the
examinations.
Semester Load
A normal course load per semester is 15 - 21 CU.
A student is considered to be making satisfactory progress toward a degree
objective when he or she completes at least 15 CU in each semester and achieves
the GPA of 2.0 in each semester required for his/her classification.
5.8
Graduation requirements
i)
Completion of the University's Core Curriculum.
ii)
A minimum of 102 CU.
iii)
A Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of at least 2.0.
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6.0
Curriculum
Structure of the program
Year 1
COURSE
CODE
Semester 1
CORES
MET 1101
MET 1102
MET 1103
MET 1104
MET 1105
CSK 1101
Semester 2
CORES
MET 1201
MET 1202
MET 1203
MET 1204
MET 1205
MET 1206
UNV 1002
COURSE TITLE
LH PH CH CU
Introduction to Atmospheric Science
Meteorological Instruments and Observation
Methods
Introduction to computing
45
30
30
45
45
3
3
30
45
45
60
30
-
30
45
45
60
3
3
3
4
19
45
45
30
45
30
-
45
45
45
45
3
3
3
3
45
45
30
30
45
45
45
3
3
3
21
Differential and Integral Calculus
Classical mechanics
Communication skills
Total Semester load
Thermodynamics
Climatology
Computing and programming in Meteorology
Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra and Vector
Calculus
Tropical Meteorology
Cloud Physics
Introduction to gender
Total Semester load
Year 2
CODE
Semester 1
COURSE TITLE
LH PH CH CU
MET 2101
Atmospheric Dynamics I
45
-
45
3
MET 2102
Research Methods in Meteorology
30
30
45
3
MET 2103
Synoptic Meteorology
45
45
3
MET 2104
Numerical Methods in Meteorology
45
-
45
3
Electives
Env 2111
Env 2110
MET 2105
(two electives to be chosen)
Soil conservation and Environment
Gender and Environment
Biometeorology
40
60
60
40
-
60
60
60
4
4
4
CORES
8
Total Semester load
20
Semester 2
CORES
MET 2201
Atmospheric Dynamics II
45
-
45
3
MET 2202
Weather Forecasting Principles I
30
30
45
3
MET 2203
Physical Meteorology
45
-
45
3
ENV 2213
Principles of Geographical Information Systems
60
-
60
4
Electives
One elective to be chooses
MET 2205
MET 2206
Oceanography
Renewable Energy Resources
45
45
-
45
45
3
3
Total Semester load
16
Recess Semester
Code
MET 2207
Course Title
Field attachment
LH PH CH CU
150 75 5
Year 3
COURSE CODE
Semester 1
CORES
MET 3101
MET 3102
MET 3103
ENV 3110
Electives
MET 3104
MET3105
Semester 2
CORES
MET 3201
MET 3202
MET 3203
MET 3204
Electives
MET 3205
COURSE TITLE
LH
PH
CH
CU
Remote Sensing in Meteorology
Meteorology and Human Environment
Boundary layer Meteorology
Geographical Information systems
One elective to be chooses
Hydrometeorology
Agro-meteorology
Total Semester load
30
45
45
15
30
90
45
45
45
60
3
3
3
4
40
40
10
10
45
45
3
3
16
Climate Change, adaptation and
mitigation
Weather Forecasting Principles II
Elements of Environmental Pollution
and Control
Project
One elective to be chosen
Aviation Meteorology
30
30
45
3
30
45
30
-
45
45
3
3
150
75
5
30
45
3
9
30
ENV 3112
Water Resource Management
Total Semester load
45
-
45
Total course load
3
17
114
The following course units already exist in the University programs
Code
CSK 1101
UNV 1002
ENV 2111
ENV 2110
ENV 2213
ENV 3110
ENV 3112
Course Name
Communication skills
Introduction to gender
Soil conservation and
Environment
Gender and Environment
Principles of Geographical
Information Systems
Geographical Information
Systems
Water Resource Management
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Dept where it is offered
Institute of Languages
Women and Gender Studies
Geography
CU
4
3
4
Geography
Geography
4
4
Geography
4
Geography
4
6.1
Course Contents
MET 1101 Introduction to the Atmosphere, Weather and Climate (3CU)
Description
This course lays the foundation for a student of meteorology by summarizing in a
simplified way the content and purpose of the Meteorology program.
Objectives/aims
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understanding the atmospheric composition
 Describing the concepts of weather and climate
 Describing the factors that determine weather and climate
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Explain the contents of the atmosphere and factors that dictate its state
 Differentiate between weather and climate
 Factors that influence/determine weather and climates
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments.
Indicative content






The meaning of meteorology,
Introduction to the structure (mass and air pressure) of the atmosphere, Elements of a
pure and dry, and of a normal atmosphere and those that influence environmental
characteristics (carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone)
Definitions of Weather and Climate, their elements and the reasons and importance of
their monitoring and measurement.
Elements of climate classification
Factors influencing climates: the rotation of the earth; the tilt of the earth’s equator at
23½0 from the horizontal (tilt of the axis of rotation at 23½0 from the vertical) and
revolution of the Earth around the sun; the non homogeneous (heterogeneous) nature
of the earth’s surface materials; the aspect/slope of the earth’s land surface to the sun;
the transportation of heat & moisture by the winds, etc..
Simple General air mass circulation and associated global climates; air masses
formation, movements and impacts on climates.
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Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Roger G. Barry and Richard J. Chorley: (1987) Atmosphere, Weather and
Climate, 5th edition, Methuen & co.
Colin Buckle (1996): Weather and Climate in Africa, Longman
Steven A. Ackerman and John A. Knox (2007): Meteorology - Understanding
the Atmosphere, Thomson Brooks/Cole
MET 1102 Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (3 CU)
Description
This course deals with weather observations: the instruments used to measure and
observe weather and their characteristics. It aims at developing knowledge of both
theoretical and practical issues important in the measurement and observation of
atmospheric parameters.
Objectives/aims
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understanding how the different measuring instruments work

Describe how the measuring instruments can be calibrated

Apply the knowledge on measuring instruments on practical examples in the field
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:

Name the different instruments used to measure the different weather element

Compare critically the characteristics of various instruments used to observe the
weather at the surface and upper air.

Demonstrate knowledge of data analysis including the analysis of calibration and
retrieval errors.

Report the results of experimental work in an appropriate style
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
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
Analytical
Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples and field trips
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content

Introduction to atmospheric observations. Characteristics of instruments used for
weather observations: time response, sensitivity, lag and sampling error analysis.

The design, operation and calibration of standard meteorological instruments
Measurement techniques for temperature, humidity, wind, air pressure,
atmospheric radiation and precipitation.

Characteristics and use of special observational platforms, satellites, radars,
balloons, automatic buoys and aircrafts.

Theory and practice of experimental data analysis

Synoptic weather observations, International exchange of meteorological
observation and meteorological codes.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Mike M.N. Mwebesa (1976): East African Observer's Handbook, (handbook of
standard procedures for surface weather observing and recording of
climatological data) Rev. ed. East African Community, East African
Meteorological Dept. in Nairobi.
Sverre Pettersen (1956): Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Volume 1,
McGraw-Hill
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MET 1103 Introduction to Computing (4 CU)
Description
This is an introductory course to computers. Major topics covered include; hardware,
operating system and communication using computers.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the computer and its processes
 Understand how to search for information on internet
 Apply the different Microsoft office applications in meteorological data
processing
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Explain the uses of the input, processing and output devices
 Understand the application of internet as a channel for communication
 Enter Meteorological data in a computer using word processing or spreadsheet
software
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Introduction to computers: classification of computers, types of computers,
computer architecture, input/output devices, the clock, ports, main and secondary
memory, central processing unit.
 File management and windows operating system: access to the internet and
library facilities.
 Introduction to word processing and use of spreadsheet programs.
 Application of computers in meteorology, data collection, organization,
processing, archiving, retrieval and exchange.
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Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Tukamushaba E & Moya M (2007): Practical Approach to ICT (available in
Departmental of Geography Book Bank)
Kathy Ivens & Thomas Barich (1997): How to use Microsoft Office’ 97, ZiffDavis Press
`
Online Resources
 http://www.internet4classrooms.com
 Microsoft Office Suite manual (usually for all Microsoft packages)
MET 1104 Differential and Integral Calculus (3 CU)
Description
The Course is about rate of change of quantities and their applications in real life terms.
The Concept of integral Calculus and its applications are also considered.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the concepts of function, limit and their applications
 Explain the rules of differentiability and apply them in real life situations
 Describe the concept of integration and its applications
Learning outcomes
By the end of this Course, the student should be able to:




Define a function, a limit and compute limits of functions and check for
continuity of functions.
Use definitions and rules of differentiation to compute derivatives of functions.
Apply derivative concepts in real life situations
To compute integrals and apply the integral concept.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments.
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Indicative Content






Functions: Definitions, Limits and continuity of Functions.
Derivatives: Definitions of a derivative, techniques of differentiation i.e. product,
power, quotient, implicit, chain rule, parametric and logarithmic differentiation.
Applications of Derivatives: Stationery points, curve sketching, concavity, rates
of change, Mean value theorem, L’ Hopital’s rule.
Integration: Indefinite integrals and the anti-derivatives. Definite integrals.
Techniques of integration i.e. substitution, parts, partial fractions.
The
fundamental theorems of integral calculus.
Applications of Definite Integrals: Net change in position and Distance Traveled
by a moving body. Area under Curves, Volumes of revolution. Volumes
Modeled by Cylindrical Shells. Length of planar Curves. The area of a surface of
revolution. The Mean value of a function, Moments and Centers of Mass, Work
i.e. W = Sba F(x)dx. Hydrostatic force.
Differential Equations: First order Linear, Seperable. Second order O.D.Es with
constant coefficients.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Thomas G. B. and Finney R.L (1996): Calculus and Analytical Geometry (9th
edition), Addison Wesley
Earl D.Rainville (1997): Elementary Differential Equations, Prentice Hall
MET 1105 Classical Mechanics (3 CU)
Description
This is an introductory course in classical mechanics designed to cover topics that are
important in Meteorology. Major topics covered are motion in one and two dimensions,
Newton's laws of motion, conservation of energy and momentum, vibrations and waves.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different types of motion
 Understand the energy conservation laws and apply them in different processes
 Understand different wave types and their properties
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Explain and describe motion in one- and two-dimensions,
 State Newton's laws of motion and apply them to solve some problems,
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


State the laws of conservation of energy and momentum and their applications to
some physical processes,
Explain oscillations of some systems and explain their relationship with waves
Describe different types of waves and their common properties.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
Kinematics of a point: displacement, instantaneous velocity and acceleration, motion
of projectiles,
Frames of references: inertial and rotating frames, co-ordinate frames (Cartesian and
spherical),
Newton’s laws of motion and some of their applications,
Work, conservative and non-conservative force fields, conservation of energy and
linear momentum;
Circular motion: centrifugal force, angular frequency and acceleration, vector
representation of acceleration and velocity,
Rotating rigid bodies: torque, angular momentum and conservation of angular
momentum. Orbital motion: gravity, gravitational potential energy, satellite and
planetary orbits.
Vibrations and wave motion: Simple harmonic motion, types of waves, general
equation of waves, and complex representation of oscillations, superposition of
waves and Doppler effects.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


David Morin (2008): Introduction to classical mechanics, Cambridge University
Press.
T. W. B. Kibble and F. H. Berkshire (1995), Classical mechanics, 4th Ed.,
Addison Wesley Logman Ltd. Essex.
17
CSK 1101 Communication skills (4 CU)
Description
This course provides students with skills of effective communication. These include
Writing and speaking skills (Productive), Listening and Reading skills (Receptive) as
well as Non verbal skills. The course aims at enabling students to appropriately and
clearly communicate in their professions and with others.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
Equip students with effective language skills (Listening, Reading, Speaking and
Writing) in the different communication situations regarding their professions and
outside their professions.
Improve the communication competencies of students.
Improve the problem solving strategies of students.
Improve students’ ability to collect and synthesize information.
Enhance the art of critical thinking within the students
Provide students with knowledge to utilise the Library and other education resources.
Learning outcomes
 Effective communication skills demonstrated
 Improved speaking skills
 Well organized presentations
 Knowledge of library use
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 presentation
 Analytical
 Communication
 Team work
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials,
group and class discussions and assignments
Indicative content
 Introduction
What is communication?
Importance/Role/Function of Communication
The Basic communication Process and its explanation
How the four basic skills of language use relate to effective communication
Elements and forms of effective communication
When communication breaks down, the consequences/implications
 Listening skills
 Reading skills
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

Speaking skills
Speeches
Writing skills
Study skills
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials












Bough Bennie and Jo Condrill (2007): 101 Ways to Improve your
Communication Skills Instantly 4th Ed. San Antonio, TX 78201:GoalMinds, Inc.
Carnegie Dale (1990): The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking. Pocket
Book Publishers
Hubbard A. Francis (1988): How writing works: Learning and Using the
Process. New York: St Martins Press
Judy. E. Winn & Bella Oslen (1981):Communication Starters, Pergamon Press
Bygate Martin (2009). Teaching and testing Speaking, In C.Doughty, &
M.H.Long (eds) Handbook of second and foreign language teaching. New York:
Blackwell, pp. 412-440.
Bygate, M. 2001c. Spoken language pedagogy. In R.Kaplan (ed). The Oxford
Handbook of Applied Linguistics. Pp.27-38. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Klavs Peggy (2008): The Hard Truth about Soft Skills Work Place Lessons Smart
People Wish They Had Learned Sooner, Collins
Newcomb Judson (1982): Communicating: Messages and Meanings, Ginn & co.
Ltd
O’Sullivan T, et. al (1993): Key Concepts in Communication, Mathew &Co. Ltd
Shepherd College Vocabulary Skills, 3rd ed. Houghton
Lynn Q. Troyka and Douglas D. Hesse (2006): Simon & Schuster hand book
for Writers, Prentice Hall
Stanton Nicky (2004): Mastering Communication 4th ed. Palgrave Macmillan
Steinberg Sheila (1997): Introduction to Communication 3rd ed. Juta &Co.
MET 1201 Thermodynamics (3 CU)
Description
This is an introductory course on heat and thermodynamics. The course covers central
concepts of thermodynamics such as thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature and heat.
Other major topics are kinetic theory, laws of thermodynamics, and their applications to
the atmosphere and oceans.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
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

Understanding the concept of temperature and its importance
Describe the different heat transfer processes
Describe the thermodynamic laws and their applications
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Describe the concepts of temperature and explain how it is measured,
 Give examples of heat transfer processes,
 State laws of thermodynamics and discuss some of their applications,
 Describe the molecular model of a gas, and
 Derivation of the thermodynamic energy equation.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Basic ideas: systems and surroundings; microstates and state variables
 Zeroth law of thermodynamics: Thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature, heat,
measurement of temperature and temperature scales, equation of state,
 Heat transfer: Conduction, convection and radiation and laws of radiation,
 Kinetic theory: pressure, microscopic interpretation of temperature, internal
energy,
 First law of thermodynamics: heat and internal energy, latent heat, work and heat
in thermodynamic processes, some applications,
 Derivation of the thermodynamic energy equation,
 Second law of thermodynamics: heat engines, reversible and irreversible
processes and entropy
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Seymour L. Hess (1979): Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology, R.E. Krieger
Pub. Co.
Tritton D. J. (1988): Physical Fluid Dynamics, Clarendon Press
20
MET 1202 Climatology (3 CU)
Description
This course explains the significance of the sun and solar radiation receipts at a location,
area or region. It introduces the concepts of the energy balance and how it determines
climates as well as introducing local/regional factors that may affect environmental
characteristics. The course illustrates the study concepts with a brief introduction to
Africa’s and East Africa climates.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the sun and its energy properties
 Describe the classification of different climates
 Explain some weather and climatic parameters that are of importance to the
tropics
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should know:
 The sun as the ultimate source of energy for the earth/atmosphere and the
factors affecting solar energy receipts and its distribution in the earth/atmosphere.
 Develop the energy balance model and its use in explaining climates.
 Local and regional factors that influence/determine weather and climates
 Weather phenomena and some extreme weather and events
 General introduction to Africa’s and East African Climates.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Solar radiation: Nature of bodies, Stefan-Boltzmann radiating body energy
emission and Wein’s displacement laws: the Solar and Earth mean surface
temperatures and their significance in climatology
 Factors affecting solar radiation in the atmosphere, radiation balance; the
atmospheric temperature profile and reasons for the different profiles of the
temperature layers.
 Development of the energy balance model approach to climate determination and
its usage in interpretation of a region’s climate characteristics and hence its
economic activities and settlement patterns and population density.
 Regional climate modifications by the meso-scale systems: land and sea breezes,
mountain/valley winds; monsoonal systems
21
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
Weather and climate characteristics, types of precipitation, cloud types and some
extreme weather events (thunderstorms, lightening, fog, frost, cyclones, tornadoes,
etc.)
General climatology of Africa. and Climatology of East Africa
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Roger G. Barry and Richard J. Chorley: (1987) Atmosphere, Weather and
Climate, 5th edition, Methuen & co.
Colin Buckle (1996): Weather and Climate in Africa, Longman publish
MET 1203: Computing and Programming in Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with programming packages used for problem solving and data analysis
in a meteorological context.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the concepts of MATLAB and its applications
 Describe the codes used in FORTRAN and their applications
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Use a mathematical programming language such as MATLAB
 Develop simple models using FORTRAN
 Transfer data and text between various software packages
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
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Indicative content
Computer programming and data analysis involving the following
 Introduction to MATLAB
 Entering vectors, matrix and array operations,
 Matrix building functions,
 Common scalar/vector/matrix functions,
 M-files,
 Text strings/error messages,
 Graphics, importing files, processing data, input/output,
 Introduction to FORTRAN,
 Using Unix, working with text strings READ and PRINT statements, IF and DO
statements Writing own programmes,
 Introduction to Instat and using SIAC to analyse data.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Glenn A. Gibson, James R. Young (1982): Introduction to programming using
FORTRAN 77, Prentice-Hall
Robert J. Bent and George C. Sethares (1996): QuickBasic: An introduction to
Computer Programming on the IBM PC. PWS Pub Co
MET 1204 Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra and Vector Calculus (3CU)
Description
The Course is about the basics of Matrix Algebra, Complex numbers and the back Vector
Calculus in applications.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different types of matrices and their applications
 Understand the concept of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors and their applications in
problem solving
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Manipulate matrices and linear systems.
 Find Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.
 Do arithmetic of complex numbers.
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
Manipulate vectors, vector functions, multiple integrals and vector fields
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Matrix Algebra: Matrices and matrix operations, diagonal, triangular
symmetric matrices and elementary matrices, determinants, matrix inverse.
Elementary row operations, echelon and row reduced echelon matrices.
 Systems of Linear Equations: Existence of a solution. Gaussion Elimination,
Cramer’s rule. Non homogeneous System of linear equations.
 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Definition of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.
Eigenvectors for n x n matrices. Diagonalisation and similarity of matrices.
 Complex Numbers: Complex plane, addition, subtraction. Multiplication and
division of complex numbers. Polar form of complex number, principle value,
argument and Argand diagrams. Roots of Complex numbers and D’moivre’s
theorem.
 Vector Calculus: Vectors in space, dot and cross product. Curvature, Torsion,
Planetary motion and satellites, partial derivatives, line in integrals, Green and
Stoves’s Theorem. Double and triple integrals.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Thomas, George B., and Ross L. Finney (1988): Calculus and Analytic
Geometry, 7th Edition, Addison Wesley.
Howard Anton (2000): Elementary Linear Algebra, John Wiley & Sons
MET 1205 Tropical Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with tropical general circulation and systems that interact to cause the
weather/climate in the tropical with special reference on Eastern Africa.
Objectives
24
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different atmospheric phenomena dominant in the tropics
 Explain the concept of the ITCZ and its relevance to the tropics
 Describe the jet streams and their relevance to weather and climate
Learning outcomes
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
 Explain the observed temporal variability of meteorological elements and
phenomena in the tropical atmosphere.
 Describe the various types of instability and their role in the convection process
using relevant examples.
 Distinguish among the characteristics of the disturbances found in the tropical
atmosphere, including their causes, growth and development, and dissipation
 Outline the properties of tropical cyclones and describe their prediction and
modelling.
 Elucidate the distribution and controls of zonally asymmetric features of the
tropics
 Review the properties of tropical stratosphere that influence tropical
climate/weather
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Tropical general circulation: observed mean fields: temperature, zonal wind,
mean meridional motions, humidity, sea level pressure, angular momentum
balance and maintenance of temperature field; water balance in the atmosphere.
 The tropical stratosphere and mesosphere. Zonal asymmetric features of the
tropics: quasi-stationary waves, east-west circulation.
 ITCZ vertical and seasonal characteristics.
 Monsoons and the associated weather with particular reference to Africa and
South-East Asia.
 Tropical jet streams and there relationship to thermal wind; subtropical, tropical
easterly, west Africa and East African low level jets, easterly waves, major
African anticyclones, tropical cyclones, west African squall lines.
 Seasonal location, intensity and structure of the extra-tropical systems which
control weather over Africa with special reference to Eastern Africa.
25
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Asnani, G.C., (1993): Tropical Meteorology, Volume 2, Pune press
James R. Holton (2004): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 4th Edition,
Academic press.
Holton, J.R., (1992): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, third Edition.
Academic press.
MET 1206 Cloud Physics (3CU)
Description
This course describes the different types of clouds, their formation and why they are
important in the earth-atmosphere system.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Derive the relevant atmospheric stability equations
 Explain cloud formation and its applications
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Understand the different stability processes in the atmosphere
 Describe the different methods of cloud formation
 Describe the different methods of modifying weather
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Static stability and parcel buoyancy: hydrostatic balance and stability of dry and
moist atmosphere.
 Review of Cloud Thermodynamics
 Cloud types and formation: cloud classification and methods of cloud formation.
 Particle Nucleation of Water and Ice in Clouds
26
o
o
Homogeneous Nucleation
Heterogeneous Nucleation

Diffusional Growth


Precipitation: foams and their formation and growth.
Weather modifications: stimulating precipitation (cloud seeding), fog dissipation
and hail suppression.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Louis J. Battan (2003): Cloud Physics; A popular Introduction to Applied
Meteorology, Doubleday & Company, Inc.
Pruppacher H.R and Klett J.D. (1997): Microphysics of Clouds and
Precipitation second revised edition.and enlarged edition with an introduction to
cloud chemistry and cloud electricity, Kluwer Academic publishers, Dordrecht
UNV 1002: Introduction to Gender (3 CU)
Description
The course will cover the basic concepts and theories of gender and development,
historical evolution of gender, origins of patriarchy, and explanations of gender
difference, how to identify and assess gender inequalities in society, and how to use tools
for gender analysis to assess policies, planning processes, projects, programs and
activities from a gender perspective.
Objectives/aims
 To enable students appreciate the significance of gender in relation to their
specific disciplines
 To equip students with knowledge and skills for gender analysis
 To enable students apply gender knowledge and skills to their area of study, work
and life.
Learning outcomes
 Gender awareness students
 Students with ability to define explain and differentiate gender concepts
 Students with ability to integrate gender in their academic work (such as course
works, research projects, internship), professional work and life.
27
Intellectual, practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving skills
 Gender Analytical skills
 Team work
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of case studies
 Straight lectures
 Class discussions
 Group discussions
 One week practical project to enhance gender analytical skills
Indicative content
Concepts of gender and sex, concepts related to gender, rationale for gender, historical
evolution of gender relations, equality and inequality, patriarchy, masculinity and
femininity, gender in the lived world, theories of functionalism, social –biology/
biological determinism, feminist theory, tools of gender analysis such as access to and
control of resources; gender roles framework; institutional analysis framework; and
empowerment frame work.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicum and tests and accounts for 30%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference Material
 Ostergaad L (1992): The concept of gender in gender and Development. A
practical guide. Routledge London pp 172-175
 Oakley, A (1985): Sex, Gender and society, Chapter 6. Gower publishing
company
 Kimmel, M.S (2000): The Gendered Society Reader, Chapter 2. Oxford
University press
 Tong, R (1989): Ferminist Thought; a A comprehensive introduction. West View
press, inc, London
 March, C. Smyth, I. and Mukhopadhyay, M (1999): A guide to gender
analytical frameworks. Oxfam, UK
MET 2101 Atmospheric Dynamics I (3CU)
Description
This course covers the basics of atmospheric dynamics including conservation laws,
development of the equations of motion, thermal wind, circulation and, vorticity, and
geostrophy motions.
28
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Derive the equations of the relevant atmospheric forces
 Describe the momentum equation and its applications
 Describe the continuity equation and its applications
 Understand the vorticity equation and its relevancy to atmospheric stability
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Explain and describe the fundamental forces that act upon the atmosphere,
 Apply Newton’s second law of motion to the atmosphere to derive the momentum
equations in both vector and scalar form,
 Explain how rotation of the Earth modifies the equations of motion and introduce
Coriolis force and centrifugal force,
 Derive the mass continuity equation and explain its meaning and use,
 Apply scale analysis to the governing equations and explain under what
conditions the hydrostatic and geostrophic approximation are valid
 Derive thermal wind equation and explain how the vertical shear of the
geostrophic wind relates to the horizontal temperature gradient,
 Derive circulation theorem and explain its significance to atmospheric motion,
 Derive vorticity equation, and explain the significance of this equation for
atmospheric motion,
 Define potential vorticity and describe its application to atmospheric motion.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Basic forces: pressure gradient, viscosity (frictional) gravitational, Coriolis and
centrifugal forces.
 Equation of motion, advection, equation of motion in different coordinate
systems.
 Scale analysis: geostrophic wind, Rossby number, hydrostatic approximation,
continuity equation and pressure tendency equation, gradient motion, thermal
wind equation and baroclinicity., cyclotropic motion and inertial motion.
 Circulation, vorticity and divergence, conservation of vorticity, and potential
vorticity.
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Primitive equations: pressure as coordinate system, hydrostatic balance, and
thermodynamic energy equation.
Charney’s scale analysis of divergence and vorticity equations.
Linear and non-linear balance equations, the quasi geostrophic balance equation
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



James R. Holton (2004): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 4th Edition,
Academic press.
James R. Holton (1992): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3rd Edition,
Academic press.
George J. Haltiner and Frank L. Martin (1957): Dynamical and Physical
Meteorology, New York, McGraw-Hill
MET 2102
Research Methods in Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with method of data collection, analysis and interpretation in
meteorological research.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the importance of doing research in meteorology
 Describe the different sections of a research proposal
 Describe some statistical methods that are used in data analysis
 Use their knowledge to write research proposals for their projects
Learning outcomes
By the end of this course, students should be able to;
 Describe the methods used in meteorological research and outline the need for
this research
 Identify and formulate research problems in meteorology
 Collect, analyse and interpret meteorological data
 Write research proposals and scientific research report
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
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Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Introduction to research methods in meteorology: purpose, guidelines and types of
research.
 Research proposal and research report formats.
 Ethics in conducting research work.
 Formulation of problem statement, objectives, and hypotheses.
 Literature review: its purpose and content.
 Methods of sampling and determination of sample size, data collection,
organization.
 Data distribution: measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis.
 Methods of data analysis and presentation: estimation of missing values and tests
of data homogeneity and adequacy. Common errors in the measurements of:
continuous and discrete variables values.
 Elementary probability theory: Significance tests of research hypotheses.
 Normal and binomial distribution: the Student’s t-test, Chi-square (  2) and Fratio test.
 Relationships between variables: correlation coefficients, simple linear regression
analysis. Nearest neighbour analyses; exponential (decay and growth) models.
 Introduction to factor analysis applications in meteorology.
 Research results interpretation and writing of reports.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Gregory S (1968): Statistical Methods and the Geographer, second edition,
Longmans
Murray R. Spiegel and Larry J. S (2008): Theory and Problems of Statistics, 4th
edition, McGraw-Hill
31
MET 2103 Synoptic Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with Identification and analysis of the space-time characteristics of the
synoptic systems in the tropics with special reference to Africa and East Africa
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the different synoptic charts used in weather forecasting
 Describe the different weather features in the different parts of the world ( low,
middle and high latitudes)
 Understand the concept of air mass and its applications
Learning outcomes
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe the types of charts used in a forecasting office
 Analyse and identify the low, middle and high latitude disturbances
 Have the knowledge required for the interpretation of synoptic systems
 Apply knowledge of dynamics in synoptic analysis
 Describe the various air masses, fronts and dry lines
 Analyse and identify synoptic and meso-scale systems in Africa and their use in
weather forecasting
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Space-time characteristics of the synoptic systems in the tropics with special
reference to Africa and East Africa.
 Analysis and identification of the middle and high latitude disturbances;
pressure-wind relationship, quasi-geostrophy, streamline-isotach analysis
 Air masses and fronts; Air masses transformations, slope of a front, weather
associated with the various air masses,
 Extra-tropical cyclones and anticyclones, blocking systems, location and
structure of all jet streams.
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Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Seymour L. Hess (1979): Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology, R.E. Krieger
Pub. Co.
Roger G. Barry and Richard J. Chorley: (1987) Atmosphere, Weather and
Climate, 5th edition, Methuen & co.
George J. Haltiner and Frank L. Martin (1957): Dynamical and Physical
Meteorology, McGraw-Hill
MET 2104 Numerical Methods in Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course looks at numerical techniques and their applications to solving different
problems including interpolation, differentiation, integration and their application to
numerical weather prediction.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different errors used in measurements
 Understand the concept of finite differences and its applications in numerical
techniques
 Describe the different differential equations and their applications to numerical
weather prediction
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Calculate the different errors involved in numerical problems and their
propagation
 interpolate different polynomials using numerical techniques
 Use numerical techniques in differentiation and integration.
 Use numerical techniques to solve ordinary and partial differential equations
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
33
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Errors: Errors and their computatives, absolute, relative and percentage errors.
 Finite and Divided Differences:
Finite difference operators, tables and
interpolating polynomials. Divided differences and divided difference
interpolating polynomials.
 Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Taylor series and finite difference
differentiation.
 Numerical Solution of ordinary differential Equations: Taylor Series, Euler’s and
Runge Kutta Methods.
 Numerical techniques for partial differential Equations: Classification of P.D.Es.
Finite difference techniques for parabolic, hyperbolic and elliptic problems. The
Crank Nicolson method.
 Applications to Numerical weather prediction
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Sastry S.S (2002): Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 3rd Edition
Prentice – Hall.
Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires (2008): Numerical Analysis 8th
Edition., Thomson Brooks/Cole
MET 2105 Bio Meteorology (4CU)
Description
This course describes the interaction between climate and living things
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the relation ship between heat exchanges and meteorological parameters
 Describe the different indices of climate and comfort
 Understand bio-climatic mapping and its applications
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Explain the metabolic and heat exchanges in animals and humans
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Describe how relationship between climate and population distribution
Explain the importance of climate and weather in the health sector
Classify climates using bio-meteorological data
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Introduction to the meteorological elements and methods of measurements.
 Climate and animal environment; energy and water balance of the human and
animal bodies; metabolic, latent and conductive heat exchanges.
 Heat storage. Animal spatial distribution and climate population dynamics,
diurnal and seasonal activities.
 Climate and comfort: comfort indices. Acclimatization and adaptation. Climate
weather and health: indirect and direct effects; air and water borne diseases,
parasitic diseases.
 Cooling/heating, cleaning, gardening, food. Relationship between climate,
settlements, recreation, land use, tourism, socio-economic and other activities.
 Bio-climatic mapping, climate classification from bio-meteorological data.
Impacts of climate change on human and animals.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Gaylon. S. Campbell and John. M. Norman (1988): An introduction to
Environmental biophysics, 2nd edition, Springer science + Business media, Inc
Seymour L. Hess (1979): Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology, R.E. Krieger
Pub. Co.
ENV 2110 Gender and environment (4CU)
Description
This course describes the role of gender in environmental management
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
35
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

Describe the concept of gender
Understand the role of gender in environmental protection
Describe and appreciate some environmental legislations that incompletes gender
issues
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to;
 Define the major gender concepts
 Critically analyse gender in environmental protection
 Analyse gender issues in society
 Relate vulnerability and environmental management
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Understanding of Gender concepts and principles.
 Gender analysis in environmental management.
 Gender issues in resource allocation for sustainable development – the
environmental perspective.
 Environmental legislations and the gender dimensional.
 Gender advocacy and participatory processes in the environmental management
processes. Case studies on gender and natural resources utilisation and gender and
environment management.
 The concept of vulnerability and its importance in environmental management.
The nature, types and scope of vulnerable groups and how they relate to the
environment and to environmental management practices.
 An exploration of the opportunities and challenges of incorporating gender and
vulnerable group issues in environmental projects/ programmes and activities.
 Analysis of the complexity of gender and vulnerable group issues in
environmental management using urban and rural based case studies.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
36
Core Reference materials


Sandra L. Russo Uganda (1993). Ministry of Water, Energy, Mines, and
Environmental Protection, National Environmental Action Plan (Uganda), United
States. Agency for International Development
Susan Buckingham-Hatfield (2000): Gender and Environment, Routledge
ENV 2111 Soil conservation and management (4CU)
Description
This course explains the concepts of soil conservation and their applications in the
different economic activities
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different indices used in soil fertility and their applications
 Understand the crop water requirements and their relationship with crop
productivity
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to;
 Identify critical functions of soils, soil quality concepts and environmental
consequences of soil degradation.
 Identify processes of soil degradation principles, control measures and offsite
effects.
 Conduct a soil survey mapping multi-criteria evaluation and soil fertility
assessment.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Comprehensive study of soils including laboratory and fieldtrips to locations
where different management methods are practiced, soil origins, soil formation
soil associations use of soils.
 Techniques used in the field and laboratory for soil study and soil mapping.
37
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

Soil as an aspect of land and land -use. Indexing soil productivity, physical
chemical and biological.
Soil related crop requirement as an aspect of agro – ecological zoning.
Methods and practices of soil (physical, chemical and biological) management
(erosion, surface runoff and infiltration). Emphasis is on tropical and sub tropical
soils.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials

Humberto Blanco-Canqui and Rattan Lal (2008): Principles of Soil
Conservation and Management, Springer Science + Business Media.

Noel D. Uri (2006): Agriculture and the Environment, nova Science Publishers,
Inc.
MET 2201 Atmospheric Dynamics II (3CU)
Description
This course continues the study of basic concepts of atmospheric dynamics and
kinematics begun in Atmospheric Dynamics I. The topics covered are: quasi-geostrophic
motion analysis, simple wave motion, boroclinic instabilities, and numerical weather
prediction.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different trajectories and their applications to differential equations
 Understand the barotropic and baroclinic instabilities
 Describe the importance of vorticity in numerical weather prediction
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Explain qualitatively the meaning of trajectories and streamlines, and derive their
differential equations and solve them for some simple flows,
 Explain the quasi-geostrophic approximation to the equations of motion, and
discuss its implications and limitations for synoptic scale atmospheric motion.
 Perform linearization of the equations of motion.
 Describe the difference between linear and non-linear waves.
 Describe the various linear waves that are supported by the equations of motion,
and discuss their relevance to synoptic scale motion.
38
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

Determine the conditions under which waves become unstable,
Explain the concept of potential vorticity and its usefulness as tool for
understanding fluid motion,
Describe the various instability processes in the atmosphere, and their relevance
for the growth of synoptic scale disturbances.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Kinematics of fluid flow: resolution of a linear horizontal wind field into
translation, rotation, divergence and deformation fields, streamlines, trajectories,
and stream function.
 Helmholtz theorem for resolving horizontal wind into rotational and irrotational
components, velocity potential; vorticity and divergence in different coordinate
systems.
 Barotropic and baroclinic fields; Berjkenes’ circulation theorem; illustrations of
baroclinic circulations: land and sea breezes, mountain winds monsoons.
 Introduction to numerical weather prediction: vorticity and divergence equations;
types of waves in the atmosphere; filtering processes; problems of numerical
weather prediction in the tropics.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


James R. Holton (2004): An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 4th Edition,
Academic press.
George J. Haltiner and Frank L. Martin (1957): Dynamical and Physical
Meteorology, New York, McGraw-Hill
39
MET 2202: Weather Forecasting Principles I (3CU)
Description
This course deals with basic weather forecasting principles for socio-economic
applications.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the reasons for monitoring weather and climate
 Describe the different tools used in weather forecasting
 Generate weather forecasts
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, students should be able to;
 Describe the role/importance of weather forecast to the various sectors of the
economy
 Identify ranges of weather forecasts available in the region
 List and describe the tools used in weather forecasting over this region
 List the sources of data used in weather forecasting
 Describe the role of media in dissemination of weather forecasts
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples and field trips
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content





Global, regional and national telecommunication networks for meteorological
services and applications; structure and functions of the various components.
Basic definitions in synoptic weather, aviation and ship codes, terms, phonetic
alphabets used for transmission, observing and coding.
Various ranges of weather forecasts
Basic tools/techniques used in forecasting; plotting of codes on the surface
weather charts, analysis and introduction to the main weather charts.
Differences between confluence and convergence, diffluence and divergence,
cross sections and time sections of the atmosphere.
40
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


Data used to generate weather forecasts: Introduction to the use of other
forecasting tools; meteograms, tephigrams and satellite pictures. Pilot balloon
measurements, processing of pilot balloon data.
Cloud classification and precipitation mechanism.
Dissemination and applications of weather forecasts
Practical: Plotting and interpretation of weather charts.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials
 George E. P. Box and Gwilym M. Jenkins (2008): Time Series Analysis:
Forecasting and Control, John Wiley.
 Mike M.N. Mwebesa (1976): East African Observer's Handbook, (handbook of
standard procedures for surface weather observing and recording of
climatological data) Rev. ed. East African Community, East African
Meteorological Dept. in Nairobi.
 WMO (1997)): Mesometeorology and Short-Range Forecasting, WMO bulletin,
Vol 46.
MET 2203 Physical meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course seeks to develop a better understanding of the physical processes that
transport momentum and energy in the atmosphere which include turbulence, convection
and radiative transfer.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the concepts of radiance and irradiance together with their applications

Understand the dynamics of solar radiation in the atmosphere

Describe the different thermodynamic diagrams
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, a student should be able to:

Explain the processes that transport energy and momentum within the atmosphere

Critically interpret thermodynamic diagrams.
41
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 The sun: general features of the sun’s activity, motion and duration of the sun,
sunspot activity, nature and characteristics of radiation, quantities and units and
solar radiation measurement techniques.

Radiative transfer fundamentals; Radiance and Irradiance, Kirchoff and Planck’s
laws, absorption, emission and scattering of radiation (Mie and Rayleigh
scattering) and vertical optical depth.

Disposition of solar radiation under cloudiness and cloudy conditions, Importance
of greenhouse gases

Heat transfer processes at the ground, maximum and minimum temperature
forecasting using empirical, Brunt and Groen formulae.

Thermodynamic Diagrams; emagram, tephigram and skew-T Log P diagram,
interpretation and their application in terms of stability, inversions, lifting
condensation levels, convective condensation level and tropopause level, wet-bulb
temperature. Convective available energy and convective inhibition.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



George J. Haltiner and Frank L. Martin (1957): Dynamical and Physical
Meteorology, New York, McGraw-Hill
Gary E. Thomas and Knut Stamnes (1999): Radiative transfer in the
atmosphere and Ocean, Cambridge University Press.
Seymour L. Hess (1979): Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology, R.E. Krieger
Pub. Co.
42
MET 2205: Oceanography (3CU)
Description
This course provides an introduction to large scale circulation on the oceans and the
impact of oceans on the global climate
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different characteristics of the oceans
 Understand the relationship between ocean and atmospheric circulations
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Explain the basic characteristics of oceans
 Describe the interaction between the water bodies and the adjacent areas
 Describe how the oceans interact with the global climate
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Physical and chemical properties of Oceans: Ocean basins, shore structure and
shore processes.
 Sea water physical and chemical properties: Distribution of temperature, salinity
and density.
 Ocean circulations: ocean currents, tides waves, tsunamis, turbulence, swells and
storm surges.
 Quantification of the state of sea; the use of visibly, thermo cline, Sea surface
temperature and other oceanic parameters.
 Land-air-sea interactions; Ocean influences on weather and climate: ENSO,
upwelling and sinking.
 The Indian ocean; currents in the western Indian Ocean. Interaction with adjacent
seas. changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics in the East
coast of Africa.
43
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials

Alan Rabinowitz and Toby B. Sutton (1970): An environmental approach to
marine science, Oceanography Unlimited.

Richard A. Davis (1977): Principles of Oceanography, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co
MET 2206 Renewable energy resources (3CU)
Description
This course deals with the fundamentals of renewable energy and the advantages and
disadvantages of it use.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the fundamentals of renewable energy sources
 Understand the relationship between energy and climate
 Describe the different renewable energy sources
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, students should be able to:
 Define and explain the different renewable and nonrenewable energy resources
 Explain the impact of energy utilization on climate
 Discuss the different policies of energy conservation and preservation.
 Explain the limitations and merits of using renewable energy in Uganda.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Fundamentals of renewable energy resources: understanding the concept of
energy, definition of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, the potential
44
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

non renewable energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas), renewable energy
resources (wind, solar, hydro-biogas, geothermal, tidal waves and lightening
energy).
Energy utilization and its effect on the climate – type of energy used,
measurement and estimation, consumption levels, impact on the climate and man.
Use of renewable energy in Uganda: hydro power-(resources assessment, design
and management using meteorological information), solar energy- (Basic
radiation laws: spatial distribution of short and long wave radiation. Space time
characteristics of solar radiation, measurement and estimation of solar radiation
over different surfaces, types of solar energy collectors, solar energy uses).
Energy conservation and preservation policies and approaches for sustainable
energy use globally and in Uganda - (Opportunities and challenges, Laws and
policies, structures).
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Boyle, Godfrey. (2004): Renewable Energy (2nd edition). Oxford University
Press
Boyle, Godfrey, Bob Everett, and Janet Ramage (eds.) (2004): Energy Systems
and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press
ENV 2213 Principles of Geographical Information Systems (4CU)
Description
This is an introductory course to Geo-Information Systems (GIS). It explains the basic
principles and applications of GIS to different environments.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the basic concepts of GIS
 Describe the different GIS techniques that are applicable in the environment
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to;
 Explain the basic principles of GIS
 Describe the different components and their functions in a GIS system
 Explain data handling techniques in a GIS environment
45
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 The basic principles of geographical information systems including: the concept
of spatial data, digital representation of spatial data, description of spatial data
and spatial data characteristics.
 GIS as a system, components and functions of GIS and spatial data relationships
in a GIS.
 Spatial data models (roster & vector), topology, spatial data manipulation,
classification and type of spatial analysis.
 Spatial data entry through digitizing, establishment of topology and geometric
data editing, coordinates systems, projections and geo-referencing. Attribute data
handling and spatial data queries.
 Basic analytical GIS technique including buffering and topological overlays.
Data visualization using appropriate cartographic standards.
 The case studies with elements of geo-referencing, digitizing editing, basic
analysis and visualization.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials

Nadine Schuurman (2004): GIS: a short introduction, Blackwell publishing

Michael Kennedy (2002): The global positioning system and GIS: an
introduction: Volume 1, Ann Arbor Pr Inc
Kang-Tsung Chang (2006): Introduction to Geographical Information Systems,
McGraw-Hill

MET 2207: Field attachment (5CU)
In the recess term of second year, students shall be attached to organizations in the field.
They will write a field attachment report at the beginning of the third year first semester.
Assessment shall be based on the conventional University format of research report and
shall be marked out of 100%
46
MET3101: Remote sensing in Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with different remote sensors and their applications in meteorology and
other sectors.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different techniques used in remote sensing
 Understand how the different remote sensing tools are used in meteorology
 Understand how to interpret some remote sensing products
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Distinguish and compare the different remote sensing techniques
 Understand how usable information is derived from remote sensing
 Evaluate which remote sensing technique would be appropriate to particular
meteorological situations.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Physics behind the various earth sensing techniques, merits and applications: laser,
balloons, aircraft, rocket, radar and satellite
 Meteorological satellite orbits
 Radiation concepts for remote sensing
 Principles of temperature sounding by infrared and microwave techniques.
 Remote sensing technology: wind profiler data, lightening detection, radar theory
and image interpretation.
 Satellite images, visible, infrared and microwave.
47
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials
 Arthur P. Cracknell and L. Hayes (1991): Introduction to Remote Sensing,
Taylor and Francis
 James B. Campbell (2008): Introduction to remote sensing, Guilford
Publications
MET3102 Meteorology and Human Environment (3CU)
Description
This course deals with human environmental practices and the role of meteorology to
human environment; water resource, agriculture, aviation and health.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the dynamics of the human environment
 Understand the importance of meteorology in the different sectors
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, students should be able to;
 Describe aspects of human environment
 Describe the significance of environmental impact assessment and management
 Outline the Applications of meteorology to human environment
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 The dynamics of human environment; origin of environment deterioration and its
effects.
 Environment impact assessment: skills for environmental management; weather
forecasting, real time monitoring.
 Applications of Meteorology: Significance of weather and climate in water
resource growth and development, agriculture, aviation, and health. Man made
climates and their impacts.
48
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Douglas. H. McIntosh and Alexander. S. Thom (1972): Essentials of
Meteorology, Wykeham publications
Roland B. Stulland C Donald Ahrens (2000): Meteorology for Scientists and
Engineers, Brooks/Cole
Faniran A. and Ojo O.(1980): Man's Physical Environment: An Intermediate
Physical Geography, Heinemann Educational
MET 3103 Boundary Layer meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course explains how the earth and the atmosphere interact and how this interaction
affects the atmospheric boundary layer.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the evolution of the boundary layer on a daily basis
 Understand the concept of turbulence and its concepts
 Describe the urban heat island effects
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to;
 Describe the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer
 Distinguish between laminar and turbulent flows
 Define Reynold’s number and Richardson’s number
 Explain how the boundary layer is modified by an urban area
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer.
49




Fundamentals of turbulence: Laminar and turbulent flows, Reynolds’s number
and averaging, Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and Richardson’s Number.
Micrometeorology of the surface layer: Mixing length theory, Monin-Obukhov
theory and wind profiles.
Diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer: Convective, neutral,
nocturnal and cloudy boundary layers.
Urban meteorology: Urban boundary layer and urban heat island.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Stull, R. B (1988): An introduction to boundary layer Meteorology, springer
Oke,T.R (1988): Boundary layer climates, 2nd edition, Routledge
Garratt,J. R (1994): The atmospheric boundary layer, Cambridge Univ. Press
MET 3104 Hydrometeorology (3CU)
Description
This course deals with an analysis of the water cycle and its interactions with the earth
and atmosphere, including the processes of precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the hydrological cycle and all its components

Describe how the different components of the hydrological cycle are measured

Describe how stream flow forecasts are made
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, a student should be able to:

Describe the physical processes which give rise to the transport of water through
the hydrological cycle

Describe the instrumentation and methods of measurement or estimation of the
various components of the hydrological cycle.
50

Describe the significance of the hydrologic cycle to local and global energy
budgets as well as climates of different regions

Discuss the implications of human interventions on the hydrological cycle
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Introduction to the Hydrological Cycle: Outline of the components of the cycle.
Fluxes and stores of water on a global scale. Importance of the cycle on global
and local scale.

Precipitation: Types, measurement (by gauges, radar and satellite). Variations in
space and time. Area estimates. Extreme values

Evaporation: Physics of evaporation. Actual and Potential evaporation.
Interception. Methods of measurement, methods of calculation (e.g penman,
bowen ratio)

Soil Moisture; Characteristics of soils. Physics of water movement in soils.
Infiltration and percolation

Run off and river flow. Streamflow generation and flow measurements

Hydrometry: Hydrographs, analysis, synthesis and theory application of the unit
hydrograph, floods and low flows.

Forecasting: purpose of forecasting, classification of forecasts; short term
forecasting (river routing, linear reservoir storages). Long term forecasts.

Effect of water pollution and human intervention on hydrological cycle
51
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


James. P. Bruce and Robert H. Clark (1966):
Hydrometeorology, Pergamon Press
R.C. Ward (1975): Principles of Hydrology, McGraw-Hill
Introduction
to
ENV 3110 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) applications (4 CU)
Description
This course builds on the second year course ENV 2113. It mainly deals with
applications of GIS in the environment that we live in.
Objectives
The main objective of this course is to enable students describe and interpret GIS
information and apply it in their daily activities
Learning out comes
By the end of the course students should be able to:
 Apply GIS in spatial data processing and management
 Interpret GIS information and how it is used in planning
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Case studies
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Review the major functions of GIS (Spatial data capture, storage manipulation
and visualization).
 Applied GIS functionalities for spatial data management and handling.
52


Applied GIS functionalities for spatial data processing and analysis covering
aspects like classifications, overlay operations, neighborhood and interpolation
operations and remote sensing and photo and image analysis.
Decision making under a GIS and Environmental Management and Planning with
emphasis on modeling, simulations and suitability analysis through a case study
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



Molenaar M. (1998): An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling
for GIS, Taylor and Francis
Environmental Systems Research Institute (1998): ArcView GIS: the
geographic information system for everyone: para utilizar el ArcView,
Environmental Systems Research Institute
George Christakos, Patrick Bogaert, Marc L. Serre (2001): Temporal GIS:
advanced functions for field-based applications: Volume 1, Springer
MET 3105: Agrometeorology (3CU)
Description
This course describes surface- atmosphere interaction and its relevancy to agriculture. It
also explains the various requirements for crop growth and how crop production can be
improved.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the profiles of different atmospheric elements within a plant canopy
 Understand the different stages of crop growth
 Describe the methods of climate modifications
 Derive relationships between crops and weather elements
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Explain the profiles of temperature, wind, carbondioxide and humidity within a
plant canopy.
 Describe the different processes that determine crop growth and development
 Describe the major climatic influences on growth and development of crops.
 Describe the different methods used for modifying microclimates of crops.
 Describe the different crop models available and their applicability to crop growth
and development.
53
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Near surface Climate: Temperature, wind, carbon dioxide and humidity profiles
within plant canopies.
 Crop water needs, photosynthesis and evapotranspiration.
 Growing seasons, influence of weather and climate on agricultural operations,
irrigation requirements, diseases and pests.
 Modification of micro climate: wind breaks and shelter belts, irrigation and
mulching
 Soil water and methods of measurements, soil erosion and conservation.
 Climate weather hazards and agricultural output; agricultural droughts, floods ,
frost, strong winds.
 Agrometeorology of arid and semiarid lands
 Weather and crop inter-relationships; Crop weather model for yield forecasts.
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials
 V. I. Vitkevich (1963): Agricultural Meteorology, Israel programme for scientific
translators, Jerusalem
 Molga M. (1962): Agricultural Meteorology Part II: Outline of Agrometeorological Problems, Published for the National Science Foundation and the
Dept. of Agriculture by Centralny Instytut Informacji Naukowo-Technicznej i
Ekonomicznej
54
MET 3201: Climate Change, Adaptation and Mitigation (3CU)
Description
This course deals with developing a conceptual, but also quantitative, understanding of
climate variability and change. It will address the application of this understanding to key
issues such as the detection of climate changes in the historical record, and the attribution
of changes to specific causes such as human activities.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand the concepts of climate variability and climate change
 Describe the causes of climate variability/ change
 Describe how climate change is attributed and its impacts in different sectors
 Describe the adaptation and mitigation measures that are proposed in the different
sectors
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Explain the distinction between internally generated climate variability and
externally forced climate change
 Describe the major causes and characteristics of internal climate variability,
including the role of the oceans
 Describe mathematically the concepts of radiative forcing and climate feedback,
and the application of these describing equilibrium and transient climate change
 Explain the processes of detecting climate changes and attributing their causes
 Evaluate recent observed changes in climate in the context of changes that have
occurred in the past
 Describe the formulation of climate models, and evaluate their strengths and
weaknesses
 Describe the basis, methods, and limitations, of climate prediction
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Case studies
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
55
Indicative content
 Observations of climate variability and change
 Internal variability of the climate system, including ENSO
 Radiative forcing of climate change: greenhouse gases, solar variability,
aerosols and volcanoes
 Climate feedback mechanisms
 Causes of climate change on millennial and longer timescales: orbital forcing
and ice age cycles
 Detection of climate change and its attribution to specific causes,
 Climate predictability and prediction
 Natural Disaster Impacts of extreme weather events on ecosystems in Africa,
floods, drought Mitigation and Adaptation
 Early warning systems (FEWS, TEWS, etc)
 Vulnerability assessments to Natural disasters (especially Meteorological and
Hydrological ones)
 Projected changes in climate and policy responses
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials
 IPCC assessment Reports
 Simeon .H. Ominde and Calestous Juma (1991): A Change in the Weather:
African perspectives on climate change, ACTS Press
MET 3202: Weather Forecasting Principles II (3CU)
Description
This course deals with a detailed description of weather forecasting principles for socioeconomic applications.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand how weather forecasts are made
 Describe how different weather parameters are measured
 Analyze and describe important meteorological diagrams like tephigrams and
weather charts
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, a student should be able to;

Analyze and interpret the main weather charts used in weather forecasting
56


Compute vorticity and divergence and describe its application in weather
forecasting
Describe the role of modelling in weather forecasting
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Case studies
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Analysis and interpretation of the main weather charts.
 Analysis of scalar and vector fields: three dimensional analysis of atmospheric
systems
 Cross sections and time sections of upper air charts, contour and streamline
analysis: pattern continuity, confluence and diffluence;
 Computation of vorticity and divergence
 Identification, analysis and forecasting of synoptic and mesoscale systems,
 use of climatology in daily forecasting,
 monthly and seasonal atlases of the dominant synoptic and regional systems and
mean weather anomalies,
 Model assembling in forecasting,
 Contribution of vertical motion to development of tropical weather systems.
Practicals: Analysis of weather charts and tephigrams
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials


Sverre Pettersen (1956): Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Volume 1,
Published by McGraw-Hill.
WMO Bulletin (1997): Workbook on Numerical weather Prediction in the
Tropics, Volume 46
57
MET 3203: Elements of Environmental Pollution and Control (3CU)
Description
In this course the student is introduced to the four components of environmental media,
the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The student learns the common
natural and anthropogenic induced forms of activities that pollute the environment and
highlights possible measures of control.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Understand both natural and anthropogenic common forms of pollution
 Describe the impacts of pollution in different sectors
 Describe the methods used to control pollution
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Understand both natural and anthropogenic common forms of pollution and how
they are caused.
 Know elementary easy to apply pollution control measures
 Explain why global communities don’t readily apply the pollution control
measures
 Learn of approaches to community persuasion.
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 communication
Teaching and learning patterns
The mode of learning involves direct contact with students in form of lectures, Tutorials
and assignments
Indicative content
 Identification and definition of each of the environment media pollution
 Causes and types of environmental pollution in the developed and developing
countries.
 The impact of environmental pollution on
- Climate change/variability
- The hydrological cycle & its role in fresh water replenishment
- Ground pollution
 Under each of the subtopics below, the natural & anthropogenic causes and
possible control measures for each form of pollution and why such measures are
not be adopted by many global communities are expected.
58
-

the atmosphere
the waters (both fresh & saline)
the ground
Indigenous and modern human habitats that minimize pollution
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports and tests and accounts for 30% of the final
grade. The final examination will account for 70% of the final grading
Core Reference materials

Daniel A. Vallero (2008): Fundamentals of air pollution, Academic Press

J. Jeffrey Peirce, Ruth F. Weiner, P. Aarne Vesilind (1998): Environmental
pollution and control, Butterworth-Heinemann
MET 3204 Project (5CU)
Description
This course involves writing a scientific Research project with researched literature and
analyzed results .The project results will be presented orally and a final report submitted
for assessment.
Objective
The major aim of this course is to enable students acquire skills needed for scientific
research and to develop their own specific interests in the general field of meteorology.
Teaching and learning patterns
Tutorials and fieldwork
Assessment Method
Report 100%
MET 3205 Aviation Meteorology (3CU)
Description
This course describes the use of meteorology in the aviation industry. It explains the
different weather phenomena that affect air crafts in air.
Objectives
The course will help the students to achieve the following objectives
 Describe the different meteorological codes used in aviation
59

Describe the concept of Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) and its applications

Describe the different weather hazards that affect the aviation industry
Learning outcomes
By the end of the course students should be able to:

Explain all the meteorological codes used in aviation

Explain the relevancy of meteorology in aviation

Describe the different weather phenomena that affect air crafts
Intellectual, Practical and transferable skills
 Creative and innovative
 Problem solving
 Analytical
 Communication
Teaching and learning patterns
 Use of practical examples
 Case studies
 Class discussions
 Lectures
 Group presentations
Indicative content
 Meteorological codes in aviation: International Civil Aviation Organisation and
standard weather regulations.

Weather and aviation safety in regular operations.

Monitoring of weather phenomena relevant to aviation. Hail formation and
Aviation hail problem.

Clear Air Turbulence (CAT): definition, causes and intensity. Hazards of CAT on
aircraft. Visibility: causes of atmospheric obscurity. Jet streams. Selection of
aerodrome sites.

Weather hazards on operation of aircraft, rockets, missiles and projectiles. Low
visibility at terminals, low level jets and wind shears, Icing on aircraft and
Turbulence
60
Assessment Method
The assessment method is structured to include course work, and final examination.
Course work consists of assignments, reports, practicals and tests and accounts for 40%
of the final grade. The final examination will account for 60% of the final grading
Core Reference materials



UK Met Office (1971): Hand book of aviation Meteorology, H. M. Stationery Off
Sverre Pettersen (1956): Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Volume 1,
Published by McGraw-Hill.
Mike M.N. Mwebesa (1976): East African Observer's Handbook, (handbook of
standard procedures for surface weather observing and recording of
climatological data) Rev. ed. East African Community, East African
Meteorological Dept. in Nairobi.
61
ANNEX 1 (Personnel)
Staff to carry out the Program
Assoc. Prof C. P. K. Basalirwa (PhD)
Dr. Yazid Bamutaze, B.A, M.A (Mak), MSc (ITC)
Dr. Paul Musali, B.A, M.A (Mak), PhD
Dr. Bob Nakileza, BSc, PGDE, MSc (Mak), PhD
Dr. Revocatus Twinomuhangi, B.A, M.A, PhD (Mak)
Mr. Alex Nimusiima, B.Sc. Ed, Dip Met (Mak), M.Sc. Met (Rdg)
Ms. Jamiat Nanteza, B. Sc, Dip Met (Mak), M.Sc. Met (Rdg)
Mr. Geoffrey Sabiiti, B. Sc, Dip Met (Mak), M.Sc. Met (Nrb) PhD- Student
Mr. Saul Daniel Ddumba, B.Sc. Ed, Dip Met (Mak), M.Sc. Met (Rdg) PhD-Student
Mr. Matete Ndyabahika Bsc.Ed (Mak), PGD (IGP) ITC, MA (LURD), PhD- Student
Staff from Other University Units and From the Meteorology Department, Uganda on
Part time appointment
Prof. E. Banda (Physics)
Dr John.M. Mango (Department of mathematics)
Dr Henry Manyire (Dept of Women and Gender Studies)
Dr. Majaliwa Mwanjalolo (MUIENR)
Dr. E. Twesigomwe (Rtd. Physics)
Mr. S.A.K Magezi, B.Sc, Dip Met (Nrb), M.Sc. Met. (Rdg); Commissioner of Meteorology
Uganda
Mr. A.W. Majugu, Asst. Comm. Met. (Rtd), B.Sc, (Mak), Dip. Met., M.Sc Met (Nrb)
Mr. M.S.Z. Nkalubo, Asst. Commissioner Met., B.Sc. (Mak), Dip. Met (Nrb), M.Sc. Agr.
Met, (Rdg)
Mr. Bemanya Deus, B.Sc. Dip. Met (Mak); M.Sc. Met (Nrb)
Ms Lukia Tazalika B.Sc, Dip Met (Mak), M.Sc Met (Pretoria)
62
Annex II (Budget)
Budget in Uganda Shillings
Item
Direct Staff costs
Running costs
Capital Development
Field work and Research Costs
Seminars and Workshops
Publicity
Total Expenses
Income from Tuition (20 Students
@ 900,000)
First Year Second
Year
5,400,000 10,800,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
10,000,000 28,000,000
1,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
3,400,000
1,200,000
24,800,000 47,500,000
Third Year
36,000,000 72,000,000
108,000,000 216,000,000
16,200,000
4,000,000
46,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
600,000
72,800,000
Total for
three Years
32,400,000
10,500,000
84,000,000
8,000,000
5,000,000
5,200,000
145,100,000
Explanatory Notes
This budget is for three academic years of running the program. The costs were
calculated basing on the projection of students numbers in a particular year of running the
program.
Direct staff costs
This includes costs incurred in paying teaching allowances for part-time lecturers on this
program. Each semester, we expect to hire two specialists in specific areas to supplement
the already existing staff.
Faculty of arts rates of UG Shs: 30,000 per hour will be adopted.
Year one
45 hrs for one course per semester
1,350,000
4 courses for the whole year (2 each semester)
5,400,000
Year two
8 courses (2 each semester for both 1st and 2nd years)
10,800,000
Year three
12 Courses (2 each semester for 1st, 2nd and 3rd years)
16,200,000
Sub total
32,400,000
Running costs
These include teaching materials, stationary, staff welfare, telephone services,
photocopying and administrative expenses
First year Running costs
6 Dozens of white board markers for a whole year @ 25,000
6 Rims of paper for a year @ 10,000
63
150,000
60,000
Staff welfare (50,000 per month) for a year
600,000
Telephone costs (30,000 per month) for a year
360,000
Photocopying (20,000 per month) for a year
240,000
Administrative emergences (20,000 per month) for a year
240,000
Year one total running costs
3,000,000
It is projected that an increment of 500,000 to this figure will be incurred in the second
and third years of the program because of an increase in the number of students.
Second year running costs
3,500,000
Third year running costs
4,000,000
Sub Total
10,500,000
Capital development
This includes mainly computers, furniture and meteorological equipment that will
supplement the already existing facilities.
Year one
5 computers will be bought @ 1,800,000
9,000,000
10 Reference books@100,000
1,000,000
Year two
10 computers @ 1,800,000
18,000,000
Computer consumables and maintenance
5,000,000
50 Reference books @ 100,000
5,000,000
Year three
20 computers @ 1,800,000
36,000,000
Meteorology equipment (automated)
10,000,000
Sub-total
83,000,000
Field work and research
This include costs incurred in field trips and other field works related to the program
Year one
Two field trips will be arranged per semester @ 500,000 (for a year) 1,000,000
Year two
Three trips every semester (6 for a year) @500,000
3,000,000
Year three
Four trips every semester (8 for a year) @ 500,000
4,000,000
Sub Total
8,000,000
Workshops and seminars
Year one
One workshop for stake holders will be held at cost of
Ten weekly seminars per semester (20 for a year) @ 50,000
Year two
Ten weekly seminars per semester (20 for a year) @ 50,000
Year three
One workshop for stake holders to evaluate the program
64
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
Ten weekly seminars per semester (20 for a year) @ 50,000
Sub-Total
Publicity
Year one
Four news paper adverts for the program @ 600,000
One radio program raising people’s awareness about the program
Year two
Two news paper adverts for the program @ 600,000
Year three
One news paper advert for the program
Sub-Total
Grand total for three years
1,000,000
5,000,000
2,400,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
600,000
5,200,000
145,100,000
65
ANNEX III (Books available)
Meteorology Unit Book Bank Catalogue
GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS (MET)
AUTHOR
TITLE
Roger G. Barry and Richard J.
Chorley
John M. Wallace and Peter V.
Hobbs
Atmosphere, Weather and Climate
No OF
COPIES
2
Atmospheric Science, An Introductory Science
1
Colin Buckle
Weather and Climate in Africa
1
D. H. McIntosh and A. S. Thom
Essentials of Meteorology
2
John E. Janowiak, A. F. Krueger
and P. A. Arkin
G. F. T. Young
Atlas of Outgoing Longwave
Radiation Derived form NOAA
An introduction to Fortran Programming
1
Compendium of Meteorology, Part 3 Synoptic Meteorology
1
WMO
WMO
1
Compendium of Meteorology, Part 2 Aeronautical Meteorology
Compendium of Meteorology, Part 3 - Marine
Meteorology
Contemporary Climatology
1
Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers
4
Ernest S. Gates
Edward N. Lorenz
Mateorology and Climatology
The Nature and Theory of the General
Circulation of the Atmosphere
1
1
R. B. Underdown and John
Standen
Ground Studies for Pilots: Meteorology
2
WMO
Peter J. Robinson and
Henderson-Sellers
Roland B. Stull
DYNAMICS AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY (DYN)
AUTHOR
TITLE
James R. Holton
An Introduction to Dynamic
Meteorology (2nd Ed)
Dynamical and Physical
George J. Haltiner and Frank L. Martin
66
1
2
NO OF
COPIES
3
3
Meteorology
Introduction to Theoretical
Meteorology
Seymour L. Hess
WMO
5
Compendium of Meteorology,
Part 2 - Physical Meteorology
An Introduction to Dynamic
Meteorology (4th Ed)
Physical Fluid Dynamics
The Physics of the Atmosphere
An Introduction to Dynamic
Meteorology (3rd Ed)
1
TROPICAL METEOROLOGY (TRO)
AUTHOR
TITLE
NO OF
COPIES
G. C. Asnani
Tropical Meteorology
6
WMO
Compendium of Meteorology,
Part 4 - Tropical Meteorology
1
G. C. Asnani
Tropical Meteorology
(Revised Ed - 1)
1
G. C. Asnani
Tropical Meteorology
(Revised Ed - 2)
1
G. C. Asnani
Tropical Meteorology
(Revised Ed - 3)
1
Maurice A. Garbell
Tropical and Equatorial
Meteorology
Climate and Circulation of the
Tropics
East African Weather for
Aviators
1
James R. Holton
D. J. Tritton
John T. Houghton
John T. Houghton
Stefan Hastenrath
Mike Mwebesa
4
2
3
1
1
2
Colin Buckle
Weather and Climate in Africa 1
C.E. Palmer, C.W. Wise, L.J. Stempson and G.H.
Duncan
The Practical Aspect of
Tropical Meteorology
67
1
HYDROMETEOROLOGY (HYD)
AUTHOR
TITLE
J. P. Bruce
WMO
Introduction to Hydrometeorology
Guidelines for the Education and
Training of Personnel in
Meteorological and Operational
Hydrology
Compendium of Meteorology,
Part 1 - General Hydrology
Compendium of Meteorology,
Part 5 - Hydrometeorology
Report on the Participation of
Women in the fields of
Meteorology, Operational
Hydrology and Related
Geophysical Sciences
Nile Basin Water Resources,
Review of Internationally
Available Data
Nile Basin Friend Project
Data Book of Sea-Level Rise
2000
Nile Basin and Water Resources
Project
Sources and Methods in
Geography - Rivers
Proceedings of the fourth Nile
2002 Connference
The Nile River basin Action Plan,
1995
Water Resources Engineering
Programme
Principles of Hydrology
Rainwater Catchment Systems for
Domestic Supply
WMO
WMO
WMO
Paolo Viskanie
CGER
Geoffrey E. Petts and Butterworths
Comprehensive Water Resources
Development of the Nile Basin
University of Dar es Salaam
R.C. Ward and M. Robinson
John Gould and Erik Nissen-Petersen
NO OF
COPIES
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
Ven Te Chow, David R. Maidment and Larry
W. Mays
Vijay P. Singh
Applied Hydrology
Elemmentary Hydrology
1
K. Subramanya
UNESCO/WMO
Engineering Hydrology
Hydrological Aspects of Drought
1
1
FORECASTING (FOR)
68
1
AUTHOR
TITLE
George E. P. Box and Gwilym M. Jenkins
Time Series Analysis:
Forecasting and Control
Mesometeorology and ShortRange Forecasting: Instructor's
Manual
Mesometeorology and ShortRange Forecasting: Lecture Notes
and Student's Workbook
Workbook on Numerical Weather
Prediction for the Tropics
The Development of a Seasonal
Climate Forecast Methodology
for ITCZ Associated Rainfall
Applied to Eastern Africa
Forecasting El Nino: Science's
Gift to the 21st Century
Introduction to Numerical
Methods
Numerical Analysis: The
Mathematics of Computing
Weather Analysis and
Forecasting
Once Burned, Twice Shy?
Lessons Learned from the 199798 El Nino
East African Observer's
Handbook
WMO
WMO
WMO
Ronald Paul Lowther
WMO
Peter A. Stark
W.A. Watson, T. Philipson and P. J. Oates
Sverre Pettersen
Michael H. Glantz
Mike M.N. Mwebesa
ENVIRONMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (ENM)
AUTHOR
TITLE
Peter Attewell
Ground Pollution: Environment,
Geology, Engineering and Law
Estimation of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks
Pollution Control and
Conservation
Protecting Our Planet, Securing
Our Future
Meteorological Factors in Air
Pollution
Urban Climatology and its
relevance to Urban Design
OECD/OCDE
UNEP
WMO
WMO
69
NO OF
COPIES
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
NO OF
COPIES
1
1
1
1
1
1
WMO
Crop - Weather Models and their
use in Yield Assessments
Compendium of Meteorology,
Part 6 - Air Chemistry and Air
Pollution Meteorology
Drought and Agriculture
Applied Geography and
Development, Vol. 39
Applied Geography and
Development, Vol. 41
Applied Geography and
Development, Vol. 45/46
Applied Geography and
Development, Vol. 49
Global Environmental Change:
Scenarios for Climate Impact and
Adaptation Assessment
An Introduction to NOAA
Statelite Assessment Technology
for Crops and Rangelands
Population & the Environment in
Developing Countries
Environmental Hazards:
Assessing Risk and Reducing
Disaster
Man's Physical Environment
Soil Erosion and Conservation
Climate, Soils and Vegetation
Air Pollutants, Meteorology and
Plant Injury
Factoring of Weather and Climate
Information and Products into
Disaster Management Policy
Solar Power Potential in Kenya
WMO
WMO
Institute for Scientific Co-operation
Institute for Scientific Co-operation
Institute for Scientific Co-operation
Institute for Scientific Co-operation
Martin Parry
NOAA
POPIN
Keith Smith
A. Fairan and O. Ojo
R. P. C. Morgan
D. C. Money
WMO
IGAD
Raphael E. A. Okoola
AGROMETROLOGY, MICROMETEOROLOGY AND CLOUD PHYSICS
AUTHOR
TITLE
V. I. Vitkevich
Agricultural Meteorology
Agricultural Meteorology Part II:
Outline of Agrometeorological
Problems
Meteorology and Agroforestry
Micrometeorology: A Study of
Physical Processes in the Lowest
Layers of the Earth's Atmosphere
M. Molga
W. S. Reifsnyder and T. O. Darnhofer
O. G. Sutton
70
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
NO OF
COPIES
1
1
1
3
Atmospheric Diffusion: The
1
Dispersion of Windborne
Material from Industrial and
Other Sources
International Cloud Atlas
1
Cloud Physics: A Popular Introduction
3 to
Applied Meteorology
F. Pasquill
WMO
Louis J. Battan
REMOTE SENSING (RMS)
AUTHOR
TITLE
A. P. Cracknell and L. W. B. Hayes
S. M. Rashid and M. M. A. Khan
Pradip Kumar Guha
Thomas M. Lillesand, Ralph W. Kiefer
and Jonathan W. Chipman
Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods
and Steven L. Eddins
Arthur H. Robinson, Joel L. Morrison,
Phillip C. Muehrcke, A. Jon Kimerling
and Stephen C. Guptill
K. K. Rampal
Introduction to Remote Sensing
Dictionary of Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing for the Beginner
Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation
Digital Image Processing Using
Matlab
Elements of Cartography
R. D. Garg
R. D. Garg
EUMETSAT
Handbook of Aerial Photography and
Interpretation
Short Course on Remaote Sensing:
Lecture Notes
Short Course on Remaote Sensing:
Practical Exercises
Meteosat Second Generation
Opportunities for Land Surface
Research and Applications
71
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COPIES
1
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1
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