AP Biology
Sexual Reproduction and Inheritance
Reading Guide – Chapters 7.1, 7.4, 8.4
RG 7 (part 2) – Meiosis and Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction*
*Adapted and modified from Robbyn Tuinstra’s work
Reviewing Sexual Life Cycles
1. Study the three life cycles given in Figure 7.3 (haplontic, alternation of generations, and
diplontic).
2. In a plant life cycle, what happens to the haploid spores that are produced as a result of meiosis?
How does the next generation produce gametes?
3. Review the reproductive cycle of angiosperms.
a. Where are male pollen grains formed? Where are eggs formed?
b. How do plants prevent self-pollination?
c. Describe the roles of the two sperm nuclei in double fertilization.
QUESTIONS – Section 7.4: Meiosis
4. What is the primary mechanism for generating variation in asexually reproducing organisms? Why
is this sufficient for these organisms?
5. Define sexual reproduction. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
6. What is the greatest source of variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
7. Why is meiosis necessary in organisms that reproduce sexually?
8. What are homologous chromosomes?
9. Define
HOMOLOGUES
ALLELE
SYNAPSIS
BIVALENT
(TETRAD)
SOMATIC CELL
GAMETE
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AP Biology
Sexual Reproduction and Inheritance
Reading Guide – Chapters 7.1, 7.4, 8.4
HAPLOID
DIPLOID
Provide an overview of events for the two phases of meiosis.
MEIOSIS I
MEIOSIS II
10. How many chromosomes do the daughter cells of meiosis contain as compared to the parental cell?
11. What are the two events that occur in meiosis I that do NOT occur in mitosis?
12. Explain how each of the following events contributes to genetic variation.
CROSSING-OVER
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
FERTILIZATION
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
13. List the fundamental differences between meiosis and mitosis.
MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
14. List the similarities between meiosis and mitosis.
MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
Errors in Meiosis
15. What is a karyotype? What can a karyotype be used for?
16. Define nondisjunction. Describe the two ways that nondisjunction may occur.
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AP Biology
Sexual Reproduction and Inheritance
Reading Guide – Chapters 7.1, 7.4, 8.4
17. If nondisjunction occurs during Meiosis I in an oocyte, diagram the ploidy of possible zygotes
following fertilization with normal sperm.
18. If nondisjunction occurs during Meiosis II in an oocyte, diagram the ploidy of possible zygotes
following fertilization with normal sperm.
19. Review the terms: inversion, deletion, translocation from Section 9.3. These chromosomal
aberrations are generally the result of errors in crossing-over or homologous chromosome pairings.
Section 8.4 – Genetics of Prokaryotes
1. Describe conjugation in bacteria.
2. Additional ways bacteria may transfer or receive new genetic material are through the processes of
transformation and transduction. Look up each of these terms in your text and briefly describe
them.
Listed below are descriptions and examples of the different types of recombination in bacteria.
Classify each type as:
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
__________
Bacteria assimilate genetic material from surroundings
__________
Bacteria take up DNA from environment
__________
Gene transfer from one bacterium to another via bacteriophage
__________
Direct transfer of genes between two bacteria temporarily joined by sex pili
__________
DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus
__________
A plasmid is exchange between two bacteria through a pilus
__________
Bacterial strains A and B are growing together in a colony that has been infected
with viruses. After a short period of time, a new strain of bacteria is detected that
is very similar to strain A but has a few characteristics of B.
__________
The conversion of live R strain Steptococcus pneumoniae into S strain when
heat-killed S strain is added to R strain
__________
E. coli bacteria take up plasmid using CaCl2 and heat shock.
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