Absorption & secretion
Question 1
(i) 1 lower concentration of ions outside cell and higher concentration inside cell
2
(ii)
potassium has a higher concentration inside cell than sodium or
greater uptake of potassium than sodium
Bar graph number
1
1 or2
(iii)
(b)
bar graph number
2
3
less oxygen so less aerobic respiration so less ATP (energy) for active
transport of ions as energy needed for active transport
C
B
D
A
Question 2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
0.40
only 8 cells plasmolysed and not all 50 cells
Beetroot
75%
(b)
M
W
W
M
M
(c)
increase of oxygen concentration increases aerobic respiration so more
energy for active transport of potassium ion
Question 3
A
B
Protein (pore)
phospholipids
(i) Ribosomes are attached to the outer surface
2 (ER)
(ii) Structure 6 (lysosomes)
Function contains digestive enzymes to breakdown engulfed particle
Question 4
a)
b)
A
A
Question 5
(i)
A Golgi apparatus (bodies)
B Cell wall
C
Vacoule
(ii) 1
2
b)
B
C)
C
Cell wall
vacuole
Question 6
(i) E
A
transports protein
mitochondrion
B
C
packages substances for secretion
nucleus
(ii) increases surface area so increase absorption of digested food
Question 7
A
A
D
Respiration
Question 1
(i) ATP
(ii)
1 Kreb’s cycle
2 liquid matrix of mitochondrion
(iii) Final hydrogen acceptor
(iv) series X Does not occur
ATP molecules less produced
(v) D pyruvic acid
E CO2
F citric acid
Question 2
(i) cristae of mitochondrion
(ii) X inorganic phosphate (Pi)
Y ATP
Z
H2O
(iii) Does not occur
Question 3
(a)
W Lactic acid
Y O2
(b) F
(C) NADH2
(D) 1 most ATP synthesised E
2 carbon dioxide released
B and D
Question 4
(i)
X ADP
Y H2O
Z CO2
(ii) Liquid matrix of mitochondrion
(iii) Glycolysis
(iv) alcohol + CO2
(v)
active transport
Question 5
(a) X 1
(b) L NAD
(C) Stage 1
Y
2
Z
M
H2O
4
and stage 4
(d) ATP
(e) Name Kreb’s cycle
Location liquid matrix of mitochondrion
Question 6
(a) Difference 100 minutes
(b) 40 minutes of endurance time is not at 0 glycogen concentration
(c) 50 + or – 2
(d) 1 exercise before carbohydrate
exercise before carbohydrate followed by fat and protein only
(e) 3 : 4 : 5
(f) 25
(g) 175
Question 7
(a) ATP
(b)
(i) lactic acid
(ii) alcohol + CO2
(d) No final hydrogen acceptor
(e) 40.6 %
(f) cytochrome system
Photosynthesis
Question 1 (a)
(i) chlorophyll
(ii) 1.
reflected
2.
transmitted
(iii) chlorophyll has low absorption at green light but there is a high rate of
photosynthesis
(b) splitting water molecules & generation of ATP
Question 2
(i) chlorophyll
(ii) Plant B
Reason
this plant uses the energy transmitted by plant A
Question 3
(i) X = NADPH2
Y
=
glucose
(ii) grana of chloroplast
(iii) Calvin cycle
(iv) cellulose
A = water B = oxygen C = NADPH2 D = ATP E= CO2
Question 4
(a) X in stroma
(b) compound K = RuBP
compound L = CO2
(c) Cellulose
fibres
permeable
(d) (i) source = H2O
(ii) compound = NADP
(iii) Product = ATP
(e) (i) 1. reflected
2. transmitted
(ii)
Evolved gas oxygen
Provides energy for the dark reaction ATP
Provides hydrogen for the dark stage NADPH2
Question 5
(a)
A light intensity
B CO2 concentration
C temperature
(b) C
Protein Synthesis
Question 1
(a) (i)
1.
Thymine
2.
Guanine
3.
Uracil
(ii) Hydrogen bonds
(iii) 4.
5.
phosphate
Ribose sugar
(b) Anti-codon AGU
(c)
Made in the nucleus DNA and m-RNA
Forms genes DNA
Ataches to ribosomes m-RNA
(d) A
Question 2
(a) False phosphate
True
False nucleotide
(b) (i) TAC
(ii) leucine
(iii) 1. Arginine
2. Names
1.
Threonine
2.
Arginine
3.
leucine
4.
Proline
(iv) D
Question 3
(a)
T-A
G-C
(b) X Deoxyribose sugar
Y phosphate
(c) Double helix
(d) C
(e) A
Question 4
(a) A - T
C - G
Join the sugar to the phosphate as well
(i) 3
(ii) MLLSSRSMSL
Question 5
D
C
D
Question 6
(a)
(b)
nucleotide drawn
(i) UCU CGA CCU
(ii) AGA
(iii) tRNA
GCT GGA
Question 7
(a)
K phosphate
L deoxyribose sugar
M base
(b) UAGCGC
(c) (i) 38%
(ii) 62%
Question 8
B mitochondrion
provides energy (ATP)
C RER
transports protein to golgi apparatus (bodies)
D golgi apparatus
packages insulin for secretion
E vesicle
transports insulin to plasma membrane
Question 9
A
A
D
C
Viruses and Defense
Question 1
(a) stage 3
stage 5
(b)
viral nucleic acid replicates
assembly of viruses
1.
ATP
2.
enzymes
Question 2
(a)
Stage 3
viral DNA replicates
Stage 6
Lysis host cell / viruses burst out of host cell
(b) ATP or amino acids
(c) to synthesise protein for the viral coats
Question 3
(i) Lymphocytes
(ii) only virus A destroyed so antibody is specific to it and not to virus B or C
(b)
(i) D lysosomes
(ii) B
E
F
G
cyanide nicotine resin tannin
Question 4
(a) (i)
lysosome
contains digestive enzymes to breakdown the bacteria
(ii)
(b)
only reacts to one type of antigen
resins or tannins (NOT nicotine )
Question 5
(a) Protein
(b)
C
D
B
A
(c) 30% of 50 = 15 15cells X 50 viruses = 750
Question 6
(a) 1. Stages A and B Viral nucleic acids injected into host cell and then replicates
2. Stages B and C protein coats synthesised
(b) Lysis of host cell and new viruses released
Question 7
(a)
Stage 2 virus nucleic acid takes over the resources of the host cell
Stage 5 Virus assembly to form new viruses
(b) ribosomes
(c) (i) lymphocyte cell
(ii) specific antigen
(iii) antibodies are specific for that viruses antigens
Question 8
D
A