ISCI 2002 – Midterm Exam Review
Unit:
Nature of Matter
Vocabulary
 Mixture; atomic number; mass number; average atomic weight (atomic weight); group; period; isotope; valence
electrons; sublimation; evaporation; condensation; diffusion; ion; cation; anion; atomic mass unit; electronegativity;
polyatomic ion; neutralization reaction; acid; base; diatomic molecule; polar; nonpolar; hydrogen bond; solute; solvent;
mole; solubility; suspension; colloid; coefficient; Law of Conservation of Mass; amphoteric; pH; synthesis;
decomposition; single replacement; double replacement; indicator; entropy ; mole; molarity;
I.
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
A. Matter
1. Distinguish between homogenous and heterogeneous matter; give examples
2. Distinguish between a pure substance and a mixture.
B.
Structure of an Atom
1. Know the location, mass and charges of neutrons, electrons and protons
2. Know that the mass of an atom is determined by the mass of its nucleus
3. Distinguish between an atom that is neutral and an atom that has become an ion
4. Be able to determine the number of valence electrons in an atom.
C.
Isotopes
1. Know how determine the number of neutrons in an isotope
2. Know examples of isotopes
3. Distinguish between the mass number of a single atom and the atomic weight of the average abundance
of isotopes of an atom.
D. Periodic Table
1. Distinguish between a group and period in a periodic table
2. Know how to find the symbol, atomic mass (atomic weight) and atomic number of an atom.
3. Know how to apply the use of the atomic number.
4. Know how to determine the number of valance electrons in an atom (main group elements)
5. Know the symbols and names of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.
6. Know the names of groups IA, IIA, VIIA and VIIIA.
7. Know what the period number indicates (relate to energy levels in electrons)
8. Distinguish between the mass number of a single atom and the atomic weight of the average abundance
of isotopes of an atom.
9. Know characteristics of metals, nonmetals and metalloids; know location on the periodic table.
10. Know the following periodic trends and the reasons for these trends.
i. Atomic radii (size)
11. Know the following group trends
i. Atomic radii (size)
E.
II.
Applications
1. Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons given the atomic number and mass number of
an atom.
2. Be able to draw a planetary model of any atoms 1-20 (main group)
3. Be able to draw a Lewis Dot Diagram of any single atom 1-20 showing only the valence electrons.
4. Using the periodic table or a planetary model, determine the number of valence electrons
5. Know the maximum number of electrons in each energy level
6. Know how to calculate the atomic weight of an atom using the average abundances of isotopes in an
element.
7. Know how to calculate percentage error
8. Know how to calculate the area of a substance. Determine the thickness or diameter of a substance.
Characteristics and Changes in Matter
A. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter; give examples
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter; give examples
Know the three phases of matter; know the molecular/physical characteristics of these phases
Know how diffusion works.
Know if heat is added or removed during phase changes
Compare the process of boiling, condensation and evaporation.
Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties; give examples
H. Applications
1. Know the tests and results of the following biochemical tests:
a. starch test using iodine
b. pH test using an indicator (phenolphalthein)
c. precipitant testing using NaOH
d. gas test using vinegar
2. Given data about different substances, be able to develop a flow chart using this data to separate likesubstances.
3. Be able to classify if something is a physical or chemical change; physical or chemical property
I.
Periodic Table
1. Be able to identify the following periodic trends
a. Melting points of atoms
2. Be able to identify the following group trends
a. Melting points
III. Chemical Bonds and Chemical Changes
A. Chemical Bonding
1. Distinguish between ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.
2. Know the general characteristics and examples of ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.
3. Distinguish between a polar and nonpolar covalent bond.
4. Know the chemical characteristics of polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
5. Know how ions are formed
6. Distinguish between a cation and an anion. Give examples.
7. Know what electrolytes are, examples, etc. Know the characteristics of electrolytes.
8. Know how electrostatic attraction is involved in ionic bonding.
9. Know characteristics of metals and nonmetals.
10. Know why water is considered to be the universal solvent.
B.
Chemical Reactions and Changes
1. Know the (4) signs that tell you that a chemical change has taken place.
2. Given examples be able to classify as a chemical or physical change.
3. Know how to balance chemical equations.
4. Know how to write and name ionic and covalent compounds (nomenclature)
5. Apply the law of conservation of mass (matter) to balancing chemical equations.
6. Distinguish between a mixture and a chemical change.
7. Distinguish between an exothermic and endothermic reaction
8. Know how the following affect the rates of chemical reactions:
a. Temperature
b. Concentration
c. Size of particles
C.
Applications
1. Be able to write and name chemical compounds.
2. Be able to balance a chemical equation.
3. Be able to classify a chemical reaction.
4. Be able to predict the products of a synthesis; decomposition, single replacement and double
replacement chemical reaction.
5. Be able to write out a chemical equation.
6. Know the periodic trend for electronegativity
7.
Be able to predict the products, classify, write and balance the following chemical reactions that you
performed in the activity “Chemical Changes”
a. Magnesium metal added to HCl
b. Magnesium metal burned in air
c. Lead (II) nitrate added to Potassium iodide
d. Aluminum foil added to Copper (I) chloride.
IV. Acids, Bases and Solutions
A. Acids
1. Know the definitions of acids
2. Know examples of acids
3. Know examples and the differences between strong acids and weak acids
4. Know the values of acids on the pH scale
5. Know characteristics of acids
B.
C.
Bases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Know the definitions of bases
Know examples
Distinguish between a strong and weak base
Know pH scale values
Know characteristics of bases
pH Scale
1. Know what the pH scale is based on.
2. Know general values of pH scale.
3. Know that the pH scale is based on mol/L of the concentration of hydrogen ions.
D. Neutralization Reactions
1. Know the products of a neutralization reaction.
2. Know the pH value of substance that is neutral.
E.
F.
Unit:
Solutions
1. Distinguish between a homogeneous and heterogeneous solution.
i. Give examples
2. Distinguish between the solvent and solute of a solution.
3. Know general characteristics of solutions
4. Relate a mole to the molarity of a solution.
5. Distinguish between a saturated, unsaturated and oversaturated solution
Applications
1. Given a pH value, classify as acid, base or neutral.
2. Be able to predict, write and balance a simple neutralization reaction.
3. Be able to determine if a substance is an acid or base depending on its reaction with an indicator.
4. Be able to interpret a solubility graph
5. Be able to calculate the % concentration of a solute in a solution
6. Be able to calculate the molarity of a substance.
Heat and Energy
Vocabulary
 Thermal energy; temperature; entropy; absolute zero; calorie; joule; convection; conduction; radiation; insulator;
conductor
I.
Heat and Energy
A. Heat and Energy
1. Know the kinetic theory of matter
2. Define thermal energy
3. Know how temperature is determined
4. Distinguish between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
B.
Define absolute zero
Distinguish between conductors and insulators; give examples
Know when water is at its greatest density; least dense
Know what heat is; that objects do not possess a specific amount of heat per se; moves through objects, etc.
Distinguish between a calorie and joule.
Know the laws of thermodynamics and give examples.
Know how entropy is applied to the laws of thermodynamics
Define specific heat capacity.
Know how the specific heat of water affects the Earth’s climate. Give Examples.
Know how and why thermal expansion occurs. Give engineering examples.
Distinguish between conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer. Give examples.
Know how convection currents affect land and water temperatures at different times of the year at the coast.
Applications
1. Be able to calculate the loss or gain of heat of a substance (Q)
2. Be able to calculate the specific heat of a substance.