How do I translate indirect statement!?!
Remember that the tense of the infinitive has meaning RELATIVE to the tense of the main verb!
Remember the subject accusative comes BEFORE the direct object accusative!
Remember that, in the case of a periphrastic [fancy word for ‘it takes more than one word to say it’]
infinitive with -us, -a, -um, it MUST agree with the subject accusative!
Let’s set the general rules for translation at:
If the main verb is
PRESENT
And the infinitive is
Present
Future
Perfect
Translate as
[verb]s
will [verb]
has [verb]ed, [verb]ed
Caesar scit Calpurniam eum amare. [present, present]
Caesar knows that Calpurnia loves him.
Caesar scit Calpurniam eum amaturam esse. [present, future]
Caesar knows that Calpurnia will love him.
Caesar scit Calpurniam eum amavisse. [present, perfect]
Caesar knows that Calpurnia has loved him.
Caesar knows that Calpurna loved him.
If the main verb is
A FUTURE TENSE
And the infinitive is
Present
Future
Perfect
Translate as
[verb]s
will [verb]
has [verb]ed, [verb]ed
Caesar sciet Calpurniam eum amare. [future, present]
Caesar will know that Calpurnia loves him.
Caesar sciet Calpurniam eum amaturam esse. [future, future]
Caesar will know that Calpurnia will love him.
Caesar sciet Calpurniam eum amavisse. [future, perfect]
Caesar will know that Calpurnia has loved him.
Caesar will know that Calpurnia loved him.
If the main verb is
A PAST TENSE
And the infinitive is
Present
Future
Perfect
Translate as
[verb]ed
would [verb]
had [verb]ed
Caesar scivit Calpurniam eum amare. [perfect, present]
Caesar knew that Calpurnia loved him.
Caesar scivit Calpurniam eum amaturam esse. [perfect, future]
Caesar knew that Calpurnia would love him.
Caesar scivit Calpurniam eum amavisse. [perfect, perfect]
Caesar knew that Calpurnia had loved him.