Bond’s Girls: Play Thing or Peer? Tyler Quinn Blowing up secret high tech lairs, dodging flying hats, being dangled in front of sharks as bait, flying airplanes into dangerous jungle territory, protecting her majesty, and persistently sleeping with a woman counterpart…these are the escapades of James Bond, 007, Britain’s secret agent. It is true that the character of James Bond has entertained audiences for over four decades. James Bond, the sophisticated, suave, smooth and daring secret agent has been played by actors Roger Moore, Sean Connery, Timothy Dalton, and the new technically savvy films starred Pierce Brosnan. Dr. Klaus Dodds, of the University of London, noted that "Bond's long-term popularity…was based…on a diverse series of 'exotic' locations, high tech equipment, distinct stunts and, of course, a series of glamorous 'Bond girls' which the neveraging Bond is able to charm and seduce" (137). This action and adventure series has been shared with millions of viewers over the years and has affected our culture in many ways. However, as Dodds alludes to, another character in the series has played an equally important role. It is a character that sometimes gets overlooked but one of equal merit. It is the always-present female character that is able to mystify the audience with her versatility. She exemplifies the evolution of the female role throughout the series. In the early stages of the series the main character of James Bond was played by Sean Connery. He starred in the films Dr. No, From Russia with Love, Goldfinger, Thunderball, and Diamonds are Forever. These films had female roles that were often a bit misogynistic. The typical woman played a role as a sort of toy that James would pursue and they would inevitably fall for his English charm. For James it was just another woman to romance with a new female soon to follow. The women were either the protagonist or the antagonist, but in either instance there was no real function besides another notch on the Bond belt. These women may have played a minor role in an elaborate scheme by the antagonist to capture Bond temporarily, but they never contributed to their own character development or real plot development. Eyecandy is what the audience wanted and eyecandy is what they got. No Bond movies were produced in the 1950's but Flemming's writing was strongly influenced by the times. The fifties were characterized by gradual changes of the role that women held in society. One of the key indicators of this phenomenon was the release of a new magazine by the young man Hugh Hefner. With the release of Playboy women gained rights that extended beyond those that they held in the household. In the fifties people wanted to see and read about elegance, style and taste. They wanted something different, something exotic, something that they usually never experienced and the James Bond films and the women of James Bond portrayed this accurately. During this time, Flemming wrote the stories for three films to be produced in the future: Casino Royale, Live and Let Die, and From Russia with Love. The popularity of the Bond stories was fortified in 1961 after John F. Kennedy, in an interview for Life Magazine, shared the fact that From Russia with Love was one of his all time favorite novels (Dodds 126). The newfound popularity of the books resulted in a high demand for the movies. Six Bond movies were produced during the 1960's, the most of any decade. During this period “the typical Bond Girl is free from family and domesticity and able to follow her own fancy” (Black, 108). This is characteristic of the sixties culture and how (d’Abo 28). One example of this new command is her revenge on her rapist; she simply killed him by placing a back widow in his bed and showed no remorse. A new generation of women is born; they wanted more from life and were taking charge. 1963 continued the saga of the Bond Girl with From Russia with Love. Tatiana Romanova has one purpose and that is to charm and seduce James Bond. She certainly accomplished this and was one of the aforementioned sexual robots. She knew her mission was to seduce, but did not know the motives of her leaders. Tatiana's superiors instructed her that she “will seduce [Bond]. In this matter, you will have no silly compunctions. Your body belongs to the state. Since your birth, the State has nourished it. Now your body must work for the state” (Jenkins 310). Pussy Galore, played by actress Honor Blackman, was the star of the 1964 film Goldfinger. Pussy was Goldfinger’s pilot yet James was attracted to her as she was to James. This is probably the most controversial Bond film in regards to the treatment of women. All one has to do is simply look at her name. Pussy Galore? Could there possibly be a more sexual innuendo embedded in her name? It most certainly appears so. The name almost seems like something from Austin Powers, which was a spoof of Goldfinger and other Bond movies. That name holds no dignity what so ever and was politically incorrect for that day and age. American censors had an issue with her name and censored it from promotional materials for the movie. The censors wanted her name changed to “Miss Galore” or “Goldfinger’s personal pilot” and they were successful. Censors advocated but failed in their request for her name to be changed to Kitty Galore in the final version of the film. There was a regional difference between the censors. In Britain the censors were concerned with violent content but in the Bond Girls were portrayed. These women have broken away from their domestic lives and want more from life. Sex is a prevalent theme in movies of this time. It is quite evident in Dr. No when Bond is seduced in the beginning by one woman and then by another in the end of the film. One must not forget his other escapades in the film that consisted of flirting with the boss’s secretary and sleeping with enemy agents. This film portrayed what the world wanted to see; women that were rich, gorgeous, and confident. Women had control of their bodies and would use them to fulfill their desire (d’Abo 25). Opening scene on a Jamaican beach where Ursula Andress played Honey Ryder in Dr. No (Bond Girls). The first Bond Girl that the world saw was Honey Ryder. She appeared to be a simple sexual robot doing her job to not only attract James Bond, but the audience as well. The very first impression that the audience has from Bond Girl Honey is fairly sexual and seductive. Honey is exiting the water in a breast-exposing bikini and of course she has a knife in her hand. What better opening than a wet, armed woman falling out of her bathing suit? For most people in America this introductory scene was received with much shock and set the tone for Bond movies to come (Giblin 1). Despite the sexual tension created in the first scene, Honey displayed the early development of a very commanding and confident woman. Honey is self-taught, she fends for herself, and she is strong willed 23 America the concerned was with sexual content (Jenkins 312). It was in 1964, the same year that the movie was produced, that Title VII of the Civil Right Act was passed. In this piece of legislation discrimination by employers was not allowed due to race, sex, and other reasons (Black 32). During this time women were striving for equality with men the character portrayal of Pussy Galore did them a disservice. It is probably important to note that although Pussy had sex with Bond in a barn, she did exhibit some level of intelligence. She realized that Goldfinger’s plan would most likely fail and she alerted the proper authorities that would hopefully prevent violence. This seemed to be the onset of the evolution of the Bond Girl. Not only did she think on her own and rationalize a situation, but she also was tough, she flied planes, had her own business, and had mastered the use of her gun. Although her name and maybe even some of her actions were not politically correct, she continued the new era of Bond Girls. In general the early female counterparts of the James Bond series were portrayed in a very vulgar way and had subsequently evolved into characters with much more importance and capability. Just when we thought the role of the Bond Girl was indisputably changing along came Domino Derval. She played the Bond Girl in Thunderball and she was the mistress of Emile Largo, the villain of the movie. Her job was quite simple; always look good and be sexy in a bikini. It seemed the Bond women had taken three steps forward and one step backward, proving progress is not always linear! You Only Live Twice and if you are James Bond, you romance as many women as you can in this film. Count them-there is not just one Bond Girl, but two in this action film. The first, Aki died while saving Bond's life. Her replacement is the young and beautiful Kissy Suzuki who had just as much appeal as Bond did and appeared to be While in the barn, Bond is seducing Honor Blackman playing Pussy Galore during the 1964 film Goldfinger (Bond Girls). more capable than the other Bond Girls in more ways than one. She could shoot, run, swim, and is really a Bond equal (Giblin 2). As the sixties came to a close, Diana Rigg, as Tracy Draco, took the role of a Bond Girl to an entirely new level in Her Majesties Secret Service. What she had was "courage, fortitude, compassion, integrity, resourcefulness and one hell of a way with snow skis and fast cars” (Giblin 2). In this movie Bond found true love and he showed his emotion for her. It is also in this movie that Tracy killed the villain. This is a giant step for Bond Girls because formerly, Bond himself always removed the villains from power. Well move over Bond, you are no longer needed. Tracy Draco will soon be protecting her majesty and you will be out of a job. It is sad that a woman with such talent and attraction to James had to be killed. Consequently, Tracy Draco changed the role of Bond Girls for many films to come. In a time when the Woman’s Rights movement was starting to gain it’s foothold on the social agenda the role of the Bond Girl developed in step with the demands of evolving societal standards. The sixties came and went leaving the domestic woman in the past and looked to a whole new breed of resourceful and confident women. These women wanted not only the sexual equality that they gained in 24 the sixties, but also equality under the law and in the workplace (d’Abo 49). Betty Friedan of The Feminine Mystique said: “We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: "I want something more than my husband and my children and my home"” (Black 59). Andrea entered the room. Bond forced Goodnight into the closet while he tried to convince Andrea to get a device held by the villain. In return Andrea wants the villain killed and offers her ‘services’ to Bond. Without hesitation Bond gets Andrea into bed while Goodnight is in the closet. 1975 rolled around and the Equal Pay Bill finally was enacted. Two years later The Spy Who Loved Me premiered and Bond had a partner, but one from the other side. Anya Amasova worked for the Soviet Union and Bond killed her lover in the opening scene. She swore to kill him once the mission was done but never followed through with this promise. She is Bond’s first equal. She is strong, commanding, and can shoot a gun. It is within this film that the concept of equality of the workplace is displayed. Anya is Bond’s female equal and even though she required assistance and rescue, she fought at the same level as Bond. Anya Amasova took a commanding lead in this film. She exemplified what was meant to be a counterpart to James Bond. She could fight, drink, and operate a gun. She was the female incarnate of James Bond. It appeared that with close of the seventies and more Congressional action relating to women’s rights, Anya was taking charge of her role and so were women around America. The overall trend in the later Bond films portrayed women in a different light. Bond Girls are no longer simple play toys that James is attracted to as they have an important role in the Bond stories. They actually have roles in which they are a counterpart to James Bond and potentially fulfill the same duties he would. The sexual aspect of women is still present in all James Bond films, but it appears that with this new era a whole new type of female character has developed. AIDS is deadly and it ruled the eighties along with family values. It was no longer Plenty O’Toole played by Lana Wood in The White House to watch Bond play craps (Bond Girls). Diamonds are Forever is perhaps the most thrilling of the Bond series and is the last of the James Bond played by Sean Connery. There are two Bond Girls in this film and neither one played an important role. Tiffany Case and Plenty O’Toole lent no support to the progression of the female role in the James Bond series. Neither had much intelligence or could think for themselves. Furthermore they could be described as bimbos, girls that James is in a relationship with for romance only and again another notch on the Bond belt. It is unfortunate, but with every argument comes its exceptions and Diamonds are Forever is definitively an exception to the progression of the female role in the James Bond series. The seventies turned sex into a kind of comedy within the James Bond films. Live and Let Die portrayed this comedy in the opening scene. Bond is in bed with an Italian spy when Moneypenny and M arrive to give James an assignment. Before they enter the room he shoves the spy in the closet to conceal his actions. Bond does the same thing in the next film Man with the Golden Gun. This time it is with two women, Andrea Anders and Goodnight. Bond and Goodnight are ready to bed when 25 socially acceptable to be sexually promiscuous. There were major concerns about how women were undervalued as mothers and human beings in general (d’Abo 63). Consequently, the Bond Girls became more human, portrayed as “ordinary women in extraordinary situations,” and less iconic (d’Abo 63). What better woman to be shown in an extraordinary situation than Melina Havelock in For Your Eyes Only? Melina’s parents were murdered by a Cuban hit man and she wanted revenge. Melina killed anyone connected to the murders and in the end the man responsible was killed, but not by her vengeance. She showed throughout the movie that nothing would stand in her way from getting revenge There was never a better candidate for a strong, confident female character than in Octopussy. The Bond Girl is in fact the title, the only time a Bond girl is referenced in the movie title. Octopussy ran an all female gang that smuggled Kremlin Jewels. The result was that Octopussy 's circus tent was rigged with a nuclear bomb that Bond helped to disarm. Kamal Klan planted the bomb in her tent and Octopussy and her gang helped Bond to destroy the operation. It is her sexy and scantly clad gang that not only looked good, but was trained in their trade. Maryam d’Abo notes that “…they are not only pleasing to the eye, but accomplished, confident women. Each is a circus performer, oarsman, smuggler, and trained commando” (d’Abo 67). Along with finding confidence in the Bond Girls of the eighties one will discover an underlying theme of ordinary women found in extraordinary situations. In A View to Kill, Stacy Sutton was swindled out of her share in the family oil business. She wanted what was rightfully hers and she went after it with full force destroying anything in her way. The previous Bond films were full of sex, sex, and more sex. The Living Daylights was full of a lack of sex. The audience never saw Bond go to bed with a single woman. There are two main women that the audience can assume that he slept with, but cannot be certain. The directors seemed to focus on the paternal aspect of Bond and the leadership skills of the women. Kara Milovy wanted help from a group of warriors that felt they were inferior to the Soviet power that was attacking. Kara saw that her plea was futile so she took a gun from the group's leader and rode off alone. Unbeknown to her, in deference to her leadership style, the group of warriors followed to help her save Bond who was trapped in a truck. Octopussy played by Maud Adams walking with Bond in Octopussy (Bond Girls). Our girls are now all grown up and in the nineties our society finally made the transition from Bond Girl to Bond Woman. Not only did these women finally gain the politically correct title, but they took over the production of films. They were producers, officers within the company, and women in general had a greater influence in the story line than in the past. These women not only seduced the audience and Bond, but they were also complex individuals. They were strong, they were independent and they rivaled Bond. Natalya Simonova in Goldeneye showed her independence and strength when she took a helicopter to save Bond from a collapsing satellite transmitter. Wai Lin in Tomorrow Never Dies was a member of the Chinese People’s External 26 Security Force and rivaled the skills of James Bond. She showed composure in deadly situations, she could fight, and she could use just about any weapon. The remarkable aspect of her character is that there was no sexual tension between her and Bond. All her sex appeal is derived from her confidence and the skills she acquired as an agent. The transition from girl to woman is almost complete. Electra King is a new breed of Bond Woman that thinks for herself. She is essentially playing Bond for the majority of the film and she became the villain. She has different facades that she used to gain what she needed. She could be a frail child or a strong woman in control of her future. Thus can be seen when she tricked Bond into protecting her from the ‘supposed kidnappers’ and then when she plotted to gain control of the oil empire showed how she could be a strong a powerful character. It is the dynamic characteristics of Electra that make her a Bond Woman of the nineties. movie progressed the audience discovered that she is much more than a good-looking diver and in fact worked intelligence and served in virtually the same role as Bond. There was still the catchy name given to Halle, but there is no longer the sexual innuendo. Furthermore, the role of the woman was no longer to simply please and escort James Bond, but rather she had a role in which she became intricately involved in the plot. She was strong and powerful, becoming her own boss. She was in control and she had the power and capabilities of Bond. “She was self-assured enough to use her sex appeal as a weapon, but not as a crutch. Jinx was a perfect counterpart for Bond in the new millennium, revealing just as much style, spark and talent as 007” (d’Abo 83). This was shown in the final scene where Bond was fighting Gustov Graves and Jinx Miranda Frost. On the plane that was plummeting to the ground the directors cut between each fight, showing the equal importance of each. As the women of the James Bond series became more manipulative, capable, and promiscuous, they slowly rose to a higher level, physically and intellectually; a level that matched that of James Bond. The Bond Girl had in fact become James Bond, not only in a physical, capable way, but sexually as well. No longer was she just another notch on the Bond belt, but he was now a notch for his female counterpart. But, who are we kidding? This is James Bond, 007, British secret agent. A leopard cannot change his spots just as Bond cannot change his innate personality. He will always be a womanizer and the Bond Women will always be sexy. What does change in the evolution of the Bond series is that the context in which women are portrayed is indicative of what women aspire to in the present time. So remember, when the new James Bond film comes out next year that Actress Halle Berry playing Jinx flying in an aircraft fighting villain Miranda Frost (not pictured) in Die Another Day (Bond Girls). In the recent 2002 film Halle Berry played the role of Jinx in Die Another Day. Jinx is considered a Bond Woman and in many ways exhibits the same characteristics as Bond himself. In the first scene that Halle Berry appeared she is exiting the water in a bikini top and Bond was looking her up and down thus exhibiting the sexual aspect of a Bond Girl. Jinx slept with Bond, but she was the person in control. She left him before he woke in the morning. As the 27 although she is beautiful, the Bond Woman will be fit for the fight. Works Cited Bond Girls. 2005. <http://www.jamesbond mm.co.uk/bond-girls.php>. Black, Jeremy. The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen. Connecticut: Bison Books, 2005. Comentale, Edward P., Watt, Stephen, Willman, Skip. Ian Fleming & James Bond: The Cultural Politics of 007. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2005. d'Ado, Maryam, Cork, John. Bond Girls are Forever. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003. Dodds, Klaus. “Licensed to stereotype: Geopolitics, James Bond and the Spectre of Balkanism”. Geopolitics. 2003; 8(2):125-156. Giblin, Gary. James Bond and the Feminist Mistake. 2005. <http://www.secretintel.com/features /feminist1.html> Jenkins, Tricia. “James Bond's "Pussy" and Anglo-American Cold War Sexuality”. The Journal of American Culture. 2005; 28(3):309-317. 28