1. Define
Chromatin:
Histones:
Sister chromatids:
Centromere:
Centrioles:
Centrosome:
Mitotic Spindle:
Kinetochore:
Interphase:
Prophase:
Prometaphase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telophase:
Cytokinesis:
Binary Fission:
Metastisis:
2. What are the 3 cell cycle checkpoints? Where do they occur in the cycle?
3. What are the steps of the mitotic lifecycle (including phases where division does
not occur)?
4. How do sexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are both similar to
the parents, but are also genetically distinct from the parents?
5. What are the steps of meiosis?
6. How do mitosis and meiosis differ?
7. What are homologous chromosomes?
8. Diploid human cells have _________ chromosomes which means we have
________ homologous chromosomes.
9. ________________ hold chromosomes together.
10. At the end of Meiosis I, _______________ ________________ separate
contained in _______ cells.
11. At the end of Meiosis II, _______________ ________________ separate
contained in _______ cells.
12. ________________ _________________ are connected by a centromere, and
they (are/aren’t) genetically identical.
13. ________________ _________________ are not connected, and they
(are/aren’t) genetically identical..
14. _________________ forms a tetrad in Prophase I (of Meiosis I). Cross over
occurs between _______-_________________ chromatids forming a
_______________.
15. Microtubules connect to each homologous chromosome at the
__________________.
16. In Anaphase I, ________________ are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell.
17. T/F DNA does not replicate between Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
18. T/F Tetrads align during Metraphase II.
19. T/F Meiosis II seperates sister chromatids.
20. What are the syndromes of meiosis errors? What chromosomes are present? (X,
XXY, Trisomy 21)
21. Crossing over/Genetic Recombination occurs in:
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. Both
D. Neither
22. When does synapsis and crossing over occur?
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
C. Metaphase I
D. Metaphase II
23. Independent assortment occurs in:
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. Both
D. Neither
24. How is ploidy reduced in meiosis?
25. Define:
Character:
Trait:
Homozygous:
Heterozygous:
Discrete:
Indescrete:
True-Breeding:
P Generation:
F1 Generation:
F2 Generation:
Test Cross:
Genes:
Allele:
Locus (pl. Loci):
Dominant trait:
Recessive trait:
Phenotype:
Genotype:
26. What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation (Mendel’s First Law)?
27. What is a test cross?
28. What phenotypic and genotypic ratios can be expected in the F1 and F2 generations
from a monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
individuals in the P generation? (WW x ww) Show the ratios by using a Punnett Square.
29. What phenotypic and genotypic ratios can be expected in the F1 and F2 generations
from a dihybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
individuals in the P generation (for both traits)? (WWRR x wwrr) Show the ratios by
using a Punnett Square.
30. What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel’s Second Law)?
31. Define:
Complete Dominance:
Incomplete Dominance:
Multiple alleles:
32. How does the ABO blood type system show that multiple alleles are used for blood?
33. Define:
Polygenic Inheritance:
Pleiotropy:
34. How can sickle-cell disease be both beneficial and detrimental to a person’s health?
Relate it to region and genotype.
35. What are the four points which explain Mendel’s observed data?
36.What genotype is needed to show sex-linked traits in females? Males?
37. What patterns would be expressed if crossing
1. XAXA x XaY
2. XAXa x XAY
3. XAXa x XaY
38.Who was Jean Baptist Lamark? What was his theory of evolution?
39. How did Charles Darwin’s theory differ from Lamark’s theory?
40. Where did Darwin get his evidence for his theory?
41. What were Darwin’s ideas?
42. It is predicted that _____% of all species that have ever lived have gone extinct.
43. Define:
Artificial Selection:
Comparative anatomy:
44.Natural selection acts on the __________________. Evolution occurs at the
_______________ level.
45. What are the common misconceptions about the theory of evolution?