PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Pharmacology is the study of drug action. It is the study of the interactions that occur between a
living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances
have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug
composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and
antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are Pharmacodynamics and
Pharmacokinetics. The former studies the effects of the drugs on biological systems, and the latter
the effects of biological systems on the drugs. In broad terms, Pharmacodynamics discusses the
interactions of chemicals with biological Receptors, and Pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology is
not synonymous with pharmacy, which is the name used for a profession, though in common usage
the two terms are confused at times. Pharmacology deals with how drugs interact within biological
systems to affect function. It is the study of drugs, of the reactions of the body and drug on each
other, the sources of drugs, their nature, and their properties. In contrast, pharmacy is a biomedical
science concerned with preparation, dispensing, dosage, and the safe and effective use of medicines.
TEACHERS:

prof. dr hab. n. med. Grzegorz Grześk

dr n. med. Marek Krzyżanowski

dr n. med. Ahmad Sinjab Thabit

dr n. med. Katarzyna Szadujkis-Szadurska

dr n. med. Michał Wiciński
CONTACT: kizfarmak@cm.umk.pl
SYLABUS
I.
Name of the unit offering the course: Department of Clinical Pharmacology
II.
Head of the Unit: prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Grześk
III.
3rd year, number of hours: 145
IV.
Form of classes: lecture:28, seminar: 30, tutorials: 87
V.
Form of crediting: exam
VI.
Number of ECTS points: 13
VII.
Topic of classes:
1. Safety rules, guideline for students. Introduction to general pharmacology and toxicology.
Exercise: Methods of experimental pharmacology research.
2. Basis of pharmaceutical law. Exercise: The rights and obligations- ADRs reporting
requirements.
3. Prescriptions writing and implementation rules. Exercise: Current changes prescription in
legislation and implementation in accordance with National Health Fund. Prescriptions drug
forms.
4. Fundamentals of medical toxicology. Exercise: Determination of basic parameters of the
drugs toxicology.
5. Program's support -
databases. Exercise: Searching for latest pharmacological drugs
informations in the available databases - CM UMK and public databases.
6. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs acting on Autonomic
Nervous System. Exercise: Changes observations of isolated organs-responses after
administration of the drug acting on Autonomic Nervous System. The use of pharmacological
effects simulation programs.
7. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in selected
cardiovascular diseases. Exercise: Analysis and discussion of clinical cases of patients with
cardiovascular diseases with particular reference to arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis
and heart failure. The development of antitrombotic and antiplatelet therapy.
8. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in selected diseases of
the CNS. Exercise: Analysis and discussion of clinical cases of patients with Parkinson's
disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, MS, depression, SCH, neurosis. The safety of chronic sedatives
therapy.
9. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in selected digestive
system diseases. Exercise: Examples of therapies for patients with peptic ulcer disease,
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, reflux, diseases of the small intestine and colon, acute and
chronic pancreatic diseases, therapy of bile secretion disorders.
10. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in lipid disorders
therapy. Exercise: Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis, an analysis of
selected clinical cases. Differences in therapies of hipolipemic drugs.
11. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in therapy allergy.
Exercise: Analysis of cases of patients with chronic allergies, chronic therapy methods
modification. Terms and conditions of allergy testing and desensitization methods.
12. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in therapy of asthma
and COPD. Exercise: Analysis of clinical examples of patients in different stages of disease,
spirometric values and methods of treatment.
13. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in therapy of pain.
Exercises: Examples of the analgesic therapies in selected disorders according to the WHO
analgesic ladder. Adverse drug reactions montioring and their potency against pain.
14. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in therapy of
diabetes. Exercise: Insulin therapy patterns in selected clinical cases, diabetic coma.
15. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in general and local
anesthesia. Exercise: Describtion of basic anesthetic regimens. Analysis of selected clinical
cases, with particular emphasis on toxicology and drug interactions.
16. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in antifungal and
antiviral therapies. Exercise: Describtion of therapy patterns in hepatitis, HIV, local and
systemic fungal infections, patients with immune deficiencies.
17. Principles of rational antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial agents. Exercise: Practical antibiotic
therapy.
18. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in the hematopoietic
system
disorders.
Exercise:
Analysis
of
treatment
methods
of
patients
with
myeloproliferative diseases and anaemias.
19. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - drugs used in selected endocrine
disorders. Exercise: Treatment methods of hormonal disorders with particular emphasis on
thyroid , pituitary and adrenal glands diseases.
20. Pharmacology with the elements of clinical pharmacology - immunosupresive drugs.
Exercise: Analysis of immunosuppressive regimens in selected disease entities with particular
reference to the toxicological profile of the drug.
21. Vitamins. Exercise: alternative medicine, placebo effect.
BOOKLIST:

Rang, Dale, Ritter, and Moore, Pharmacology, 2012

Katzung, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2007
RULES AND REGULATIONS