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Ellaine Chou, Max Tripolsky
 Due date for FR project is the interval December 10-14. The project substitutes for an exam
on the FR.
 Napoleon RSG is on Schoology
NAPOLEON VIDEO - GUIDED NOTES
 Video is on YouTube.
 “I love power like a musician loves music.”
 Napoleon crowns himself Emperor, unlike other monarchs, who are crowned by some church
official.
 Born 15 August 1769
Episode One - “To Destiny”
Questions
 Napoleon growing up in Corsica
 He loved his mother and disliked
his father. Does this mean that she
influenced him more?
Notes
He hated the French for conquering his native Corsica.
Not necessarily; see below.
 How did each parent influence
Napoleon? What two sides of Napoleon can we see through the effect of each parent?

Mother
Strong-willed, determined, and tough; not surprising after 13 pregnancies of which 8 survived.
She was hard and austere with Napoleon and his
brothers and sisters. She punished children to
teach them suffering, often by withholding food.
She was called “the head of a man on the body of
a woman.”

Father
Napoleon hated his father for assimilating into
French culture. But his father was adapting to a
new reality, trying to support his family
 Napoleon Goes to France
 Napoleon is sent off to school at
Brienne at the age of 9. It was five
years before he saw his parents
again. How might this have affected Napoleon's character and personality?
Brienne and the Royal Military College.
He learned to be independent – see below
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Ellaine Chou, Max Tripolsky
Episode One - “To Destiny”
Questions
 In what ways did Napoleon feel
like an outcast among his peers?
List all the factors at both Brienne
and the Ecole Militaire (Military
College)
Notes
His peers saw him as an alien among a privileged
elite. Napoleon was not from a wealthy family but
saw opulence and snobbery; he was not a noble
like his peers, but a lesser individual from a colony
(Corsica).
 Isolated and withdrawn, Napoleon
does not seem to be a "leader" of
his classmates. What about his situation might have been preparing
him for leadership nonetheless?
He was a good artillery officer.
He wanted to learn and read widely. He did not
socialize with other students.
He had a meticulous mind and was always planning and thinking.
 Why, under the Ancien Regime
was there no possibility for Napoleon to reach the top ranks of his
profession?
Top positions were reserved for wealthy nobles.
 Why did Napoleon feel his Corsican background would limit his
military career?
 Napoleon and the Revolution
 How did Napoleon feel the French
Revolution would "set him free"
and "open up" French society?
 What about Napoleon's experiences at this time, as well as his reading and education, might have
made him sympathetic to the ideals
of the Revolution?
He favored the Revolution’s reforms, one of which
was that there would be no class distinctions.
He was shunned by French society and thus identified with the peasants. But because of his reading
and education he understood the knowledge of the
Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau.
Napoleon returned to Corsica and tried to enter
politics there. He was opposed by Paoli. Napoleon led a revolt against Paoli, was defeated, and
fled back to France. He was slowly identifying with
France, though he felt frustrated with his life. The
moneyed French nobles still shunned him. Other
generals detested him, but he had established his
ability and authority on the battlefield (see Toulon).
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Ellaine Chou, Max Tripolsky
Episode One - “To Destiny”
Questions
 Why does the Battle of Toulon
bring Napoleon to the attention of
the French public for the first
time?
Notes
Toulon, a French Mediterranean port, was occupied by the British after its citizens revolted against
the Republic. Napoleon’s strategy to recapture the
city was based on taking the high ground and
bombarding the British fleet in the harbor. It
worked.
For leading his troops to victory, he was promoted.
However, France remained chaotic. Napoleon
supported order to save the Republic and opposed
the Terror.
Napoleon first viewed a relationship with Josephine
as a way to greater power because she was a mistress to important people. After a while, he fell in
love with her.
She at first didn’t like him primarily because of his
looks. But she was no beauty contest winner either
and getting old. Furthermore, she had many debts.
Marrying Napoleon seems the logical thing to do
before she became too old and in too much debt.
She did that. But the honeymoon lasted two days.
 What are your thoughts about the
uprising when Napoleon fires cannon into a mob that wishes to restore the monarchy in Paris? Were
his actions justified or not? What
do they tell us about Napoleon?
Although he supported the goals of the Revolution,
he opposed riots and mobs and their chaotic behavior. He saw this mob as an enemy attack to be
repelled. Using the cannon worked; hundreds
were killed and the revolt stopped.
During this time, Italy was controlled by other European nations.
Napoleon appreciated the troops that fought for
him. Any of them can aspire to greatness. He
cares about his soldiers, unlike other commanders,
who believed that soldiers were supposed to serve
whether they wanted to or not.
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Ellaine Chou, Max Tripolsky
Episode One - “To Destiny”
Questions
 What are some of the military
strategies for which Napoleon
would become famous? In what
ways do Napoleon's tactics mark
the end of the rules of warfare as
played by the Ancien Regime, and
usher in modern warfare?
Notes
Napoleon commanded French army in Italian Alps
to challenge Austria. He was at first ridiculed by
other generals, but they soon respected him, realizing that he was in charge.
The army was destitute, no food and supplies. Napoleon inspires them, enthralls them with his acting
and passion.
He had his troops attack the Piedmontese (Piedmont was a city-state in northwest Italy), allies of
Austrians. He kept the enemy guessing by spreading out his forces to hide his intentions. Then at his
signal, he massed his forces rapidly and overwhelmed the enemy. He routed the enemy in six
battles.
He did not follow the noble code, in which warfare
was a game: fighting when ready only. Napoleon
keeps fighting.
The Austrians fled.
 What are some of the ways that
Napoleon inspires loyalty in his
troops? What makes him a charismatic general?
With the spoils of the victory, he paid his troops.
He had charisma, a presence, which motivated his
soldiers because of all the rapid victories.
He was at front line, at the battery, always with the
troops. He is unafraid.
This inspiration allowed his men to capture a bridge
at Lodi (“Lo-dee”) that a rear-guard Austrian force
had fortified.
He got dirty and grimy, like the other soldiers.
They called him “The Little Corporal.”
Something happened then – a spark in him. He felt
that he was destined for greatness.
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Episode Two - “Mastering Luck”
Questions
1) According to Napoleon, how do
great men become great?
Notes
By mastering luck; to be lucky.
But what the vulgar call luck is really a stroke of genius.
Josephine wanted to stay in Paris; she was involved
with an army officer. But she did eventually, and reluctantly, leave for Italy to join Napoleon at his request.
2) Through what means was Napoleon able to establish the legends of
his invincibility?
3) How does Napoleon make sure
that his image spreads throughout
Europe?
Many victories in Italy against Austrians, shown in
paintings and articles to publicize his exploits. He ordered a painting after every victory and dictates the details: characters, frame size, etc.
He created his own history. He founded his newspapers and wrote for them, extolling his virtues.
4) How did the Italian image of Napoleon change from that of a liberator to that of an invader?
He burned towns whose residents opposed him.
He looted Italy for gold and silver, paintings and sculpture.
After Austria sued for peace, he dictated the terms of
the treaty himself without instructions from Paris.
Would he be a future diplomat?
Now, only Great Britain was at war with France.
5) The people of France were
awestruck by Napoleon and his
military successes. What were
they hoping he could do in France?
He was a national hero in France. Could he bring order into the chaotic situation with fragile governments,
such as the Directory. But he waits, wanting more military victory.
6) By 1797-98, which nation was the
only remaining enemy of France?
Great Britain
7) Where did Napoleon go in order to
strike at that prior named nation?
Egypt, to disrupt British trade routes to India (via the
Suez Canal).
8) For what purpose?
Others thought he was crazy.
But he quickly captured Alexandria and headed toward
Cairo and the Mamelukes, fierce, fearless warriors of
the Turkish Empire that controlled Egypt.
He faced 10,000 Mameluke warriors, who charged the
French Army. The French held their fire until 50 paces
separated the armies. The Mamelukes with swords
(medieval weaponry) faced the French army with cannon and rifles. It was a slaughter in one hour.
Bad news: British fleet destroyed the French fleet at
Alexandria, stranding the French army in Egypt.
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Episode Two - “Mastering Luck”
Questions
9) How was Napoleon able to “open
up” Northeastern Africa to scientific circles of France and the rest
of Europe?
Notes
Being isolated in Egypt, he had scientists (that he had
brought with his army) study this ancient land and its
marvels: archeology, biology, etc. Found artifacts such
as Rosetta Stone, new species.
In response to a declaration of war against the “infidels,” in Syria, he attacked Jaffa but was repelled at
Acre, both by casualties and bubonic plague. His army
was dispirited. But he glorified the incident.
10) What was Bonaparte’s dream upon
his return to France in 1799?
He abandoned 30,000 troops. France was in disarray;
Great Britain and Austria were at war again.
He arrived to a hero’s welcome, despite the failure of
his military intervention in Egypt and Syria.
He believed that he was destined for greatness.
In Paris, he refused to see Josephine and wanted to
divorce her. Josephine was determined to get him
back. They reconciled, but he continued to have affairs with other women.
11) How was the Directory swept
aside in November 1799 and what
was Napoleon’s role?
France was chaotic: high government debt, highwaymen and bandits rampant …
He allied with Sieyes for a coup in Parliament. Napoleon was to be a support role.
Goal was to dissolve Parliament appoint a provisional
government to draft a new constitution. This takes a
long time, and Napoleon gets impatient. He enters the
Parliament with bayonetted soldiers, a violation of the
law and is shouted down.
Lucien, Napoleon’s brother, takes charge of the chaos.
Soldiers charged and Parliament Deputies fled.
Coup d’état Burmaire
12) What was Napoleon’s role in the
new Provisional Government?
A new provisional government was established by a
few revolutionaries, who made Napoleon an official in
this news government. But he outmaneuvered others
and makes himself head of state as the provisional
First Consul for life, so he couldn’t be replaced [at least
while he was alive]. There were two other provisional
Consuls, who had to name their replacements when
they quit.
He re-wrote the constitution to make him First Consul
for life.
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Episode Two - “Mastering Luck”
Questions
13) What does Napoleon mean when
he says, "I am the Revolution"?
Notes
The revolution is over. I am the product of the Revolution. The chaos of the Revolution is over; order will
prevail.
Napoleon’s life is a description of the Revolution –
making a humble man into a leader.
14) What role had and would war play
in Napoleon’s career and ascent to
power?
Keep and consolidate his power
Portrait of him crossing the Alps show him large compared to the horse. In fact, he rode on a mule.
15) What did Bonaparte’s campaign
over the Alps and defeat of the
Austrians (again) bring to the continent (at least within the last 10
years)?
Defeated Austria and forced a treaty. Britain also
signed a treaty.
Peace came to Europe for ten years.
Then he re-wrote the constitution to make him First
Consul for Life, just short of being an Emperor.
16) Napoleon says, "A newborn government must dazzle and astonish."
What does he mean by this and
how will his new government do
these things?
Now, could Napoleon govern?
Built parks, bridges, roads, and canals. In other words,
do good things for the people, sharing accomplishments with the people.
Legal and social reforms, all done speedily, to make
France a modern nation: Bank of France, new system
of schools.
All of Europe was awed.
17) As the political leader of France,
how did Napoleon improve the following:
a) Infrastructure
b) Economy
c) System of Law
18) What was Napoleon’s view of the
purpose of religion?
Abolished feudal privileges. New code of law.
No personal use, but he understood its political value,
something that everyone did.
Signed concorde with Pope, establishing Catholicism
as predominant religion.
19) What remaining ideal(s) of the En- Equality of opportunity; people can rise to greatness
lightenment and the Revolution did regardless of birth status and ancestors.
Napoleon embrace in his France?
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Episode Two - “Mastering Luck”
Questions
20) Which ideal did he not embrace or
allow?
21) Why
Notes
Liberty; he crushed all rebellion and talk of liberty.
French wanted a “benevolent” monarchy, but France
was really a police state, with many spies everywhere.
He would shut down plays and newspapers.
To keep him in power?
22) It is said that the new government
was "rule for the people, but not by
the people." Why do you believe
Napoleon wanted his government
this way?
He worked seven day/week but did relax at Malmaison
with Josephine.
Conflict between France and Britain would be inevitable; land (France) vs sea (Britain). Britain had a huge
navy and was very wealthy. The previous treaty was
more of a truce.
War developed slowly; Britain was reluctant to invade
and France’s navy was bottled up by British ships.
23) Napoleon wanted his work to endure forever, so he appointed himself Emperor. Why would becoming an emperor make his work live
long after he was gone?
He wanted to be like other European monarchs. To
make his empire endure, he would ensure that his
work last forever. [Evidently he thought that this could
not occur while he was First Consul.]
To crown himself Emperor, there was a huge ceremony, attended by the Pope, as though God was confirming the principles of the Revolution. He crowned himself, then crowed Josephine as Empress.
Episode Three - “Summit of Greatness”
Questions
Notes
1) List some of the historians’ descriptions “Good at math, nothing more.”
of Napoleon and his personality.
2) What was Napoleon planning to do in
1805?
Cross the English Channel to invade Great Britain.
Britain had a “pathetic army,” so Napoleon was
confident.
Lots of ships; but the Royal Navy was very power3) What were some of the possible ways
by which Napoleon and his army would ful. Napoleon deduced that an invasion was not
feasible.
get there?
4) How did the British characterize Napoleon?
But British thought he was an upstart.
Yet they feared Napoleon.
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Episode Three - “Summit of Greatness”
Questions
5) Napoleon changed his plans and who
did he go after instead?
6) What did Napoleon represent to the rest
of Europe as he began his new campaign?
Notes
Instead, he turned his attention to Austria and
Russia, which were allied with Britain.
He had experienced, seasoned soldiers, who were
feared by other nations. They moved quickly, over
30 miles/day, 8 or more hours/day, usually ahead
of their supply trains.
7) What descriptions do you have for Napoleons “La Grande Armee”?
Fight for riches, glory of France, and devotion to
Emperor
Good-looking uniforms [?]
8) Describe the so-called “Cult of the
Commander” and some of the traits of
Napoleon which helped to build his image and the loyalty of his soldiers.
His soldiers idolized him and craved a few words.
He talked easily with any soldier. He wore plain
clothing. He’s a soldier like all the others.
He was tireless, riding all day, reading reports after a few hours of sleep.
9) How were Napoleon and his army able
to achieve early success in their campaign while being outnumbered by at
least two to one?
Enemy forces were widely dispersed. Hit one
place quickly before they can consolidate. He isolated an Austrian Army, inflicted heavy losses, and
forced their surrender in a few days.
10) What city did Napoleon occupy soon
after his initial victory?
Vienna
Emperor Francis 1 fled on Napoleon’s arrival.
11) What disaster dampened the mood of
this victory and occupation?
British fleet destroyed the entire French navy at
Trafalgar.
12) What situation faced Napoleon in November - December 1805?
Cold weather was coming. Russian troops were
on their way. The French army was isolated in Vienna; it’s a long way to Paris. Prussia threatened
to declare war. Russian and Austria consolidated
their forces.
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Episode Three - “Summit of Greatness”
Questions
13) Describe some of the ways that Napoleon was able to achieve such a decisive victory at Austerlitz?
Notes
Russian Czar, Alexander I, was jealous of Napoleon and hated him. But this made Alexander
rash and subject to Napoleon’s tactical genius.
Napoleon would take command the battlefield and
make the enemy attack when and where he wanted [and spring his trap].
Turn an apparent weakness into a strength. He
makes the enemy think he’s weak at a certain
place. He abandoned the high ground to allow
Russians to occupy the heights and think they had
the advantage. Czar wanted an immediate attack
but his generals were wary of a trap.
Russians though French campfires were the soldiers burning their tents and equipment and materials in advance of retreat.
Napoleon brought reinforcements from Vienna
rapidly to build up his weak right flank. As the
Russian troops came down from the heights to attack, hidden French troops circled and took the
weakly defended heights.
14) How did the leaders of the two defeated Alexander was at a loss – he didn’t know what to
do. He no longer was in command of his troops.
allied armies respond to their defeat at
Austerlitz?
As Russians retreated, Austrian Emperor Francis I
came to sue for peace.
15) What characteristics of Napoleon’s mil- To Napoleon, military campaign were like art: he
took given events and creates opportunities…
itary skills lent him the description of
“an artist”?
16) Six months after Austerlitz, Napoleon
made the comment that in order to keep
the empire and his place at the head of
the it, he would need to continue his
____________________ of Europe.
Napoleon was also preparing for war. He needed
to continue his conquest of Europe.
Next, he defeated the Prussians.
He brought his code of civil law to conquered nations. But he did not rule in the name of liberty.
Liberty was for a privileged few that had the capacity to appreciate it.
17) He would now be tested by the army of
the ________________ Empire and af- Prussia
ter his victory, he brought his system of
law and the spirit of the French Revolution to this imperial city:
Berlin
________________.
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Episode Three - “Summit of Greatness”
Questions
18) Napoleon believed that his
________________________, the
______________________ of France
and the
__________________________ of the
Revolution were all one in the same.
Notes
Glory [all three blanks]
19) What 3 things did Napoleon love?
Order, authority, well-run organizations
20) Describe some of the characteristics of
Napoleon’s “work ethic” and his ability
to get so much done.
Worked 24/7
Napped for short time when he commanded it
Excellent memory
Multi-tasker
Took care of his health
Quick meals
21) How did Napoleon turn the control of
his empire into a family affair?
Made his siblings and mother royalty – kings,
princes, princesses and queens of conquered territories.
Josephine was jealous of Napoleon’s mistresses.
But Napoleon thought it was no big deal. Having
lovers was the prevailing system for monarchs.
Napoleon made economic war on Britain with an
economic blockade – nations were forbidden to
trade with Britain.
22) In 1806, Napoleon continued war by
marching towards this still in existence,
continental empire.
Russia!
23) How was the fighting between these
two adversaries described?
Brutal, many casualties. Not truly combat, but
butchery. Russian army was destroyed.
24) How was the fighting finally settled?
Met on a raft in the middle of the river dividing
Russia from Europe.
25) What common ideal brought peace between Alexander and Napoleon?
The agreed to equally hate Great Britain and
made peace on this basis. They would ally and
force Britain to sign a peace treaty.
Each paid the other many compliments. Napoleon
thought he had charmed Alexander, but the Czar
had no intention of living up to the agreement.
1807: French Empire reached to Russia and south
to Italy – 70 million people. He believes that he’s
infallible. He is proud of his rise from lowly lieutenant to Emperor in 38 years. He is intoxicated
with power.
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Episode Four - ““The End”
Questions
Notes
1) Describe Napoleon's campaign
in Spain, the successes and the
failures
Spain devoutly Catholic, embracing counter-Reformation. He
thought Spanish would welcome him. They didn’t.
2) How did it appear that Napoleon's power was getting in the
way of his judgment, especially
in handling the events in Spain
He didn’t understand Spanish mentality – love of their country as
much as he loved France.
Madrid riots, 150 French soldiers killed. French retaliated, killing
thousands of Spanish. Start of savage war with torture and atrocities on both sides. No decisive victory after five years in Spain.
Napoleon wouldn’t listen to advice. He acted like a Roman Emperor…
3) How did Napoleon solve the issue of not yet having a male
heir to his throne?
Sacrifice marriage for greater glory of France. Napoleon tells Josephine that their marriage is over.
He looked for a fertile woman. He found her in Marie Louise
Hapsburg of Austria, who really didn’t want to marry him. But she
yielded to her father’s will.
She did give him a baby boy, who Napoleon adored. His son made
him a doting father at the cost of his emperor duties – he was getting soft. Furthermore, Marie Louise cried and pouted when Napoleon told her he was leaving to conduct the wars.
But, there was still war in Spain and problems with Russia not
obeying France’s Continental blockade, which was ruining the
Russian economy. Negotiations failed to resolve this issue.
4) Napoleon's Russian Campaign
of 1812 is one of the most tragic
and storied periods in military
history. How did each of the
following play a part in the disastrous result?
The invasion was begun against his advisors.
His army totaled 600,000, French and their allies.
He predicted war would be over in 20 days and in one large battle.
But he Russians refused to give battle. But the Russian army was
much smaller. While they retreated, the French army lost soldiers
to disease, desertion, summer heat, and exhaustion.
a) The weather
The summer heat
b) Napoleon's foreign allied
troops
They fought only because their king was allied to Napoleon – no
incentive
c) Brutality of battles such as
Borodino
A direct frontal assault, unlike Napoleon’s earlier tactical genius.
The forces battle all day to a standstill before the Russians withdrew but refused to talk peace.
d) Evacuation and burning of
Moscow
Russian abandoned Moscow. Napoleon entered to a burning city.
Russians still refused to negotiate
e) Russian winter of 1812-13
Napoleon and troops left Moscow in fall in 1812 as the winter
weather came early.
Soldiers fought cold and starvation.
f) The Cossacks
Horse soldiers harassed Napoleon’s flanks with hit-and-run attacks, picking away at his army. His army was dying.
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Episode Four - ““The End”
Questions
Notes
5) After the disastrous Russian
campaign and subsequent military defeats, what was happening to Napoleon's invincibility
and his hold on power?
Rumors of coup in Paris.
Of the original 600,000 invasion force, only 93,000 returned.
Britain, Sweden, and Prussia gathered to fight France
Battle at Liepzig , he was defeated, but still fought on
Allies invaded France in 1814, including old ally Austria. France
was outnumbered over 4 to 1.
6) What was Napoleon finally
forced by some of his top officials to give up?
His closest advisors refused to fight. Napoleon renounced his
throne.
He took poison but it didn’t work. He would live to see the undoing of all his conquests
7) Where did he go the first time
he went into exile?
At age 45, a British ship took him to the island of Elba, a villa by
the Mediterranean Sea. He became emperor of that Island.
8) Did exile put a stop to his personality? Examples?
He then begins to act like an emperor, head of state, setting up a
government, designed a flag, made laws and regulations.
Often he would gaze at Corsica. But he became bored with life on
Elba
Josephine’s death – he didn’t leave his villa for two days.
9) What problems emerged in
France while Napoleon was
away?
How did Napoleon respond?
Allies installed Bourbon king, Louis XVIII on the throne, who was
eager but a weakling.
He slipped off the island with a handful of soldiers and landed back
in France.
10) What was the reaction of many
of his former troops, as well as
the French public?
Confronted by a regiment of French soldiers, he won them over. A
week later, he was in Paris. King fled.
11) What did Great Britain, Prussia,
Austria and Russia do in response to Napoleon's arrival in
France?
Allies united to declare Napoleon at “outlaw.”
12) What were Napoleon's intentions with the advance of his
army into Belgium and towards
Waterloo?
Drive a wedge between British and Austrians before Prussians arrived.
Napoleon sent a force to intercept Prussians.
13) How did the start of the Battle
of Waterloo demonstrate that
Napoleon was not the same military mind that he was a decade
or so before?
He postponed his attack because wet grounds made it difficult to
move artillery. However, this never stopped him before.
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Episode Four - ““The End”
Questions
Notes
14) How did the situation for at Waterloo go from bad to worse for
Napoleon? Some of the details
of the battle?
A direct frontal assault at the center of Wellington’s line. But the
French artillery could not reach French lines because Wellington’s
troops took cover behind a ridge.
Meanwhile, the Prussians advance units were arriving. Napoleon
ordered a cavalry charge, under Ney’s command, at Wellington’s
line. British formed defensive squares.
At end of the day, Napoleon saw Prussian soldiers emerging from
the dust, just as the English center appeared to collapse.
Napoleon called for his Imperial Guard, his best soldiers, up to this
point held in reserve. The Guard came close to the British line.
Hundreds died and they eventually fell back.
Panic spread among French troops. Then the Prussian arrived
under Blucher to reinforce Wellington. Napoleon tried to rally his
men but then fled the battlefield.
He lost because he didn’t believe he could win in. Napoleon saw
the futility of opposing all of Europe.
He abdicated the throne for the second time. He wanted to live in
Britain. Britain said no.
15) Where was Napoleon sent the
second time he was exiled?
He and his followers were sent to St Helena, an isolated island in
the South Atlantic; 10 x 6 miles.
16) How was his experience here
different from his time on Elba
He was not an emperor but a prisoner. 2,000 soldiers and two
ships circling the island constantly.
He lived in a bungalow.
He was bored living there. The island was damp and often humid.
He read and wrote; argued with English governor. He ranted and
raved about his life.
17) What did Napoleon set himself
to do and accomplish as he
wasted away on the island?
He dictated his memoirs to transform his real life into a legendary
life. He exaggerated his accomplishments, justified all his actions,
good or bad, right or wrong.
He ate and read in his bathtub.
He died 5½ years after coming to St Helena at age 51.
His downfall had made him a martyr, a legend, a Christ-like figure
(according to him). His writings created loyal followers who idolized his memory.
 Mr Johnson
 After abdication, Napoleon’s son Napoleon II was proclaimed emperor, but Louis XVIII
took over. Napoleon II died at age 21 of tuberculosis in Austria.
 Napoleon III (nephew) came next, but there were many changes in government in the
19th century. Most of the time France was a constitutional monarchy like Britain.
France was no longer a great military power, losing to the Prussians in 1870, Germans in
WW I and WW II.
 Google search on “French Military Victories” yields no results!
World History
Johnson
Aº
12/3-10/12
HS
Ellaine Chou, Max Tripolsky
 Other announcements
 Napoleon RSG due tomorrow (Tuesday, Dec 11)
 Project due this week
 Final is 120 or 140 multiple choice questions, worth a total of 100 points
 15-question Napoleon-French Revolution Quiz this week – OPEN NOTES
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