Classroom:
Instructor:
Office:
Office
Hours:
Tel.
E-mail:
Course
Goals
126 Walker building
Jose D Fuentes
508 Walker Building
10:00 -12:00 AM Tuesday and Thursday, or by appointment
814 863 1585
jdfuentes@psu.edu
BOOK CHAPTER
METEO 563: Biometeorology Spring 2014: Tuesday and Thursday during 8:00 AM -9:15 AM
1. INTRODUCTION
1
A. Biometeorology overview
B. Concepts of energy and mass flux densities
The
goals of this course
are to study the interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and to
C. Measurement
terminology
understand how land-atmosphere feedbacks respond to environmental change.
2. RADIATION
10, 11, 15
A. Solar radiation
Solar constant,
spectral distribution
Course
Description
Planck’s
law,
Wien’s law
This
course
introduces
concepts to understand the interactions between atmospheric processes and living
organisms.
It also
covers basic concepts to understand how the atmospheric environment influences the
B. Terrestrial
radiation
functioning
of vegetated ecosystems and how plants in turn modify the surrounding environment. The
Spectral distribution
processes governing the exchanges of energy, mass, and momentum between various landscape types and
Stefan-Boltzmann law, Kirchoff’s law
overlying atmosphere are emphasized as well. We discuss micro-and meso-scale weather and climate
C. Radiative
properties
of natural materials
processes
relevant
to applications
in air quality, hydrology, forestry, and agriculture. To learn how to scale
D.
Net
radiation
balance
processes from small (e.g., a single plant leaf or a soil plot) to large (e.g., a forest ecosystem) dimensions,
one-dimensional
numerical
models
are introduced. With these models, processes such as trace gas (e.g.,
E. Radiative transfer
in plant
canopies
carbon
dioxide,and
ozone,
isoprene)
exchange between vegetation and atmosphere will be diagnosed and
Observations
numerical
modeling
predicted. Students will partake in at least one field trip to learn how surface-atmosphere interactions are
Remote sensing
investigated using the most contemporary technologies.
F. Measurements and estimation
3. TEMPERATURE AND THERMODYNAMICS
2
A. Patterns of atmospheric and soil temperature
B. Kinetics of photosynthesis, respiration, isoprene emission
Textbooks
C. Growth and phenology based on temperature summation units
Recommended:
nd
First and second
laws of thermodynamics
AnD.introduction
to environmental
biophysics (2 Edition) by GS Campbell and JM Norman, 1998.
E. Thermal indices
Additional
F. Measurements
texts:
Plants
and microclimate
by HG
Jones, 1992. Principles of environmental physics by JL Monteith
4. HUMIDITY
AND TRACE
GASES
3 and MH
Unsworth,
2008.
A. Gas Laws
B. Physical and chemical properties of water
Relevant Journals:
C. Measures of atmospheric water vapor
Throughout the semester, several journal review articles will be studied and discussed. Articles
Relative
humidity
will
come from
the following journals:
Absolute humidity
Agricultural
and Forest Meteorology
Journal
Applied Meteorology
Virtualoftemperature
Boundary-Layer
Meteorology
Saturation vapor
pressure
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
Clausius-Clapyeron equation
Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences
D. Diurnal
andBiology
seasonal patterns of humidity
Global
Change
E. Vertical gradients of humidity
F. Field measurements
4. WIND AND TURBULENCE
5
A. Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence
B. Wind profiles above uniform surfaces
C. Influences of atmospheric stability on wind profiles
D. Wind flow within plant canopies
E. Reynold’s averaging and turbulence intensities
F. Spectrum of turbulence
2. Observations
5. HEAT AND MASS TRANSPORT
6, 7
Course load and evaluation
This course will have two 1.25-hour lectures or class discussions per week. It is expected that students and
instructor will closely interact through joint discussions on research topics of interest to students’ own research.
The current literature will be surveyed and discussed. Literature review will be incorporated in assignments
and term papers. Course evaluation will entail assignments, a mid-term exam, and a term paper. The paper
will be based on students’ research interest and must be related to the topics covered in class. Also, the paper
must follow the format of peer-reviewed journals. Marks for the course will be allocated as follows:
Assignments (4) 15 % (last assignment will be due on 1 May)
Mid-term paper:
Outline 10 % (20 March)
First draft 15 % (10 April)
Final draft 15 % (due anytime before 24 April)
Paper presentation 10 % (To be made on final exam date)
Mid-term exam 35 % (1 April)
The final grade will be determined according to the following scale:
A: Above 90 % A-: 85-89 % B+: 80-84 % B: 75-79 % B-: 70-74 % C+: 65-69 % C: 60-64 % D: 55-59 %
F: Less than 55 %
Accommodations for students with disabilities
The Office of Disability Services (http://equity.psu.edu/ods/) requests and maintains disability related
documents and develops plans for the provision of academic adjustments, auxiliary aids, and/or services. A list
of these services is provided at http://equity.psu.edu/ods/studentinformation.
Academic integrity
Please note that this course adheres to the academic integrity policy of the College of Earth and Mineral
Sciences. The policy can be obtained from http://www.ems.psu.edu/students/integrity/statement.html. Students
are expected to present their own work. Classmates may collaborate on assignments. However, each student
must write up his or her answers separately. Students who present other people's work as their own, as well as
the students providing answers, will be in violation of the academic integrity policy. It is never acceptable to
copy the work of another person. Students who present other people’s work as their own will not receive any
credit on the impacted assignment and may receive a failure grade in the course. Plagiarism is also a serious
academic misconduct. Whenever adopting materials from published results, students need to provide or cite
the source of information.
Course Outline
Classroom:
126 Walker building
Instructor:
Jose D Fuentes
Office:
508 Walker Building
Classroom:
126
Walker
Office
10:00
-12:00building
AM Tuesday and Thursday, or by appointment
Instructor:
Jose
D
Fuentes
Hours:
Office:
508
Building
Tel.
814 Walker
863 1585
Office
10:00
-12:00
AM Tuesday and Thursday, or by appointment
E-mail:
jdfuentes@psu.edu
Hours:
Course
Tel.
814 863 1585
Goals
E-mail:
jdfuentes@psu.edu
BOOK CHAPTER
Course
1.
INTRODUCTION
1
Goals
A. Biometeorology overview
BOOK CHAPTER
B.
Concepts of energy and mass flux densities
1. INTRODUCTION
1
C.
Measurement terminology
A. Biometeorology
overview
2.
10, 11, 15
B. RADIATION
Concepts of energy and mass flux densities
A. Solar
radiationterminology
C.
Measurement
Solar
constant, spectral distribution
2. RADIATION
Planck’s
law, Wien’s law
A. Solar radiation
B. Terrestrial
radiation
Solar
constant,
spectral distribution
10, 11, 15
Planck’s distribution
law, Wien’s law
Spectral
Stefan-Boltzmann
law, Kirchoff’s law
B. Terrestrial radiation
C.
Radiative
properties
of natural materials
Spectral distribution
D. Net radiation balance
Stefan-Boltzmann
law, Kirchoff’s law
C. Radiative transfer
properties
of natural
materials
E.
in plant
canopies
Observations
and
numerical modeling
D. Net radiation
balance
Remote
sensing
E. Radiative transfer in plant canopies
F.
Measurements
estimation
Observations
and and
numerical
modeling
3. TEMPERATURE
AND THERMODYNAMICS
Remote
sensing
A.
Patterns of atmospheric
and soil temperature
F. Measurements
and estimation
B.
Kinetics
of
photosynthesis,
respiration, isoprene emission
3. TEMPERATURE AND THERMODYNAMICS
C. Patterns
Growth and
phenology based
on temperature
temperature summation units
A.
of atmospheric
and soil
D. Kinetics
First andofsecond
laws of thermodynamics
B.
photosynthesis,
respiration, isoprene emission
E.
indices
C. Thermal
Growth and
phenology based on temperature summation units
F. Measurements
D.
First and second laws of thermodynamics
4.
AND TRACE GASES
E. HUMIDITY
Thermal indices
A.
Gas
Laws
F. Measurements
B.
Physical and
chemical
properties
4. HUMIDITY
AND
TRACE
GASES of water
C.
Measures
of
atmospheric
water vapor
A. Gas Laws
Relative
humidity
B. Physical and chemical properties of water
Absolute
humidity
C.
Measures
of atmospheric water vapor
Virtual
temperature
Relative humidity
Saturationhumidity
vapor pressure
Absolute
Clausius-Clapyeron
Virtual
temperature equation
D. Diurnal and
seasonal
patterns of humidity
Saturation
vapor
pressure
E. Vertical gradients equation
of humidity
Clausius-Clapyeron
F. Field
measurements
D.
Diurnal
and seasonal patterns of humidity
4. WIND
TURBULENCE
E.
VerticalAND
gradients
of humidity
A.
Characteristics
of
atmospheric turbulence
F. Field measurements
B.
Wind
profiles
above
uniform surfaces
4. WIND AND TURBULENCE
C. Characteristics
Influences of atmospheric
stability
on wind profiles
A.
of atmospheric
turbulence
D. Wind profiles
flow within
plant
canopies
B.
above
uniform
surfaces
E. Reynold’s
and turbulence
C.
Influences averaging
of atmospheric
stability onintensities
wind profiles
F. Spectrum
turbulence
D.
Wind flow of
within
plant canopies
2.
E. Observations
Reynold’s averaging and turbulence intensities
5. HEAT
ANDofMASS
TRANSPORT
F.
Spectrum
turbulence
A.
Forced
convection
2. Observations
B.
Free convection
5. HEAT
AND MASS TRANSPORT
A. Forced
convection
C.
Molecular
diffusion
2
2
3
3
5
5
6, 7
6, 7