Senior Science, Volcanoes
1
Which of the following is NOT a major volcano cone type?
a. cinder cone
b. mantle plume
c. composite
d. shield
2
What is an area of volcanic activity far from a tectonic plate boundary?
a. Hot spot
b. Island arc
c. Mantle plume
d. Cone
3
Where do most volcanoes occur?
a. Randomly
b. Along divergent boundaries
c. Along convergent boundaries
d. Far from tectonic plate boundaries
4
Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
a. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary
c. Convergent oceanic-continental boundary
d. Convergent continental-continental boundary
5
Which type of volcano would be the least explosive?
a. stratovolcano
b. composite cone
c. shield volcano
d. cinder one
6
What type of volcanism is associated with the Hawaiian Islands?
a. Subduction zone volcanism
b. Intraplate volcanism at a hot spot
c. Volcanism at a divergent plate boundary
d. Volcanism at a convergent plate boundary
7
Lava from volcanoes that erupt under water cools rapidly. This may result in the
formation of which rounded structure?
a. Gabbros
b. Shield volcano
c. Pillow lava
d. Black smokers
An opening on the earth’s surface through which molten rock flows and the material that
builds up around the opening together form a _________________.
a. Trench
b. Volcano
c. Subduction zone
d. Convergent boundary
8
9
A broad volcanic feature formed by quiet eruptions on thin lava flows is called a
a. Rift
b. Cinder cone
c. Strato-volcano
d. Shield zone
10
Which of the following formations would most likely result from a single violent
volcanic eruption?
a. Vent
b. Caldera
c. Cinder cone
d. Shield volcano
11
What is formed when a magma chamber empties and collapses?
a. A vent
b. A crater
c. A fissure
d. A caldera
12
Before a volcanic eruption, seismic activity seems to ________________.
a. increase in both frequency and intensity
b. decrease in both frequency and intensity
c. increase in frequency and decrease in intensity
d. decrease in frequency and increase in intensity
13
Volcanic belts form along
a. islands in the Pacific Ocean.
b. North American mountain ranges.
c. the boundaries of Earth’s plates.
d. the coast of Antarctica.
14
The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of
a. volcanoes forming over a hot spot.
b. volcanoes forming along plate boundaries.
c. the Ring of Fire.
d. continental drift.
15
The viscosity of magma depends upon its silica content and its _________________.
a. pahoehoe
b. temperature
c. magnetism
d. pyroclastic flow
16
What is the long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface?
a. vent
b. side vent
c. pipe
d. crater
If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably
_______________________.
a. erupt quietly
b. remain dormant
c. erupt explosively
d. produce dark-colored lava
17
18
What is pahoehoe?
a. Cooler, slower-moving lava
b. Fast-moving, hot lava
c. Volcanic ash
d. Lava that is carrying a lot of debris
19
What is it called when groundwater is heated by magma, then rises to the surface and
collects in a natural pool?
a. Hot spring
b. Geyser
c. Vent
d. Pyroclastic flow
20
In volcanic areas, what is groundwater heated by magma a source of?
a. Lava flows
b. Silica
c. Geothermal energy
d. Pyroclastic flows
21
Which of the following volcano hazards is made up of rocky particles about the size of a
grain of sand?
a. Volcanic bombs
b. Pahoehoe
c. Volcanic cinders
d. Volcanic ash
22
What is the main hazard from a quiet volcanic eruption?
a. Volcanic gases
b. Lava flows
c. Geysers
d. Pyroclastic flows
23
Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are
called ______________________.
a. shield volcanoes
b. cinder cone volcanoes
c. composite volcanoes
d. lava plateaus
24
When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, what is the result?
a. Lava plateau
b. Shield volcano
c. Cinder cone volcano
d. Composite volcano
25
Which type of rock would you expect to form as the result of an explosive eruption?
a. Pahoehoe
b. Granite
c. Pumice
d. Morganite
26
What is the landform that forms when a mass of hardened magma is uplifted, causing the
layers of rock to bend upward?
a. Volcanic neck
b. Mesa
c. Lava plateau
d. Dome mountain
27
What is the major ingredient of magma?
a. Pahoehoe
b. Silica
c. Gases
d. Obsidian
28
What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption?
a. Upward movement of magma
b. Pyroclastic flow
c. Cooling magma inside the crust
d. Plate tectonics
29
What is lava called before it reaches the surface?
a. Rock
b. Magma
c. Volcanic ash
d. Liquid fire
30
The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form a(n) ____________.
a. hot spot
b. mid-ocean ridge
c. island arc
d. subducting plate
31
A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called a
__________.
a. neck
b. dike
c. lava plateau
d. batholith
32
What do we call a volcano that may erupt again at some time in the future?
a. Active
b. Dormant
c. Explosive
d. Extinct
33
The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a
__________________.
a. lava plateau
b. caldera
c. cinder cone
d. shield volcano
34
If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they
infer about the volcano?
a. It is dormant.
b. It is probably about to erupt.
c. It is extinct.
d. It is a good source of geothermal energy.
35
Several kilometers from a volcano, a geologist observes an old lava flow made up of
dark-colored basalt rock. The geologist infers that the lava must have had ___________.
a. high silica content
b. high viscosity
c. low viscosity
d. medium viscosity
When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano’s vent, what is
the result?
a. Cinder cone volcano
b. Shield volcano
c. Composite volcano
d. Dormant volcano
36
When magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called
a
a. batholith.
b. dike.
c. volcanic neck.
d. sill.
37
38
What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface?
a. The silica in the magma
b. Dissolved gases trapped in the magma
c. Gravity in the lithosphere
d. The density of the magma
39
Which of the following helps to determine how easily magma flows?
a. The amount of silica in the magma
b. The diameter of the pipe
c. The size of the crater
d. The number of vents on the volcano
40
What is the name of the mass of rock that forms when magma cools inside the Earth’s
crust?
a. Dike
b.Sill
c. Caldera
d. Batholith
41
A quiet eruption may produce slow moving, cooler lava that hardens to form rough
chunks. What is this type of lava is called?
a. Magma
b. Volcanic rock
c. Morganite
d. aa
42
What is a shield volcano made of?
a. Oceanic crust
b. Ash and cinders
c. Basic lava
d. Acidic lava
43
What can be formed at a convergent boundary?
a. Cinder cone volcano
b. Vent
c. Shield volcano
d. New crust
44
What happens at divergent boundaries?
a. The sea floor spreads and magma rises up to fill the gap, forming oceanic ridges and
submarine volcanoes.
b. Magma rises up and heat up the surrounding water to form tsunamis.
c. A gap is formed and surrounding water rushes in to cool the magma into a lower layer of crust.
d. A gap is formed and heat from the core of the earth creates hot springs and geysers.
45
Which of these is NOT typical of a stratovolcano?
a. Many types of low viscosity lava
b. One type of very low viscosity lava
c. One type of very viscous lava
d. Layered appearance with lakars and debris flows
46
Which of the following is an example of a stratovolcano?
a. Sunset Crater
b. Mauna Kia
c. Mauna Loa
d. Mt. Etna
47
Which of the following is true of a flank eruption?
a. It must tap the main magma source
b. It may tap the main magma source
c. It taps magma from a secondary source
d. It produces a different type of magma from the main cone
48
Where can volcanoes form?
a. Underwater
b. On land
c. Between tectonic plates
d. All of the above
49
What are two greenhouse gases released by volcanoes?
a. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride
c. hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide
d. carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide
50
What is the world’s largest shield volcano?
a. Mt. St. Helens
b. Mt. Etna
c. Mauna Loa
d. Mt. Agua
51
Which type of volcano has gentle slopes?
a. Shield volcano
b. Stratovolcano
c. Scoria cone volcano
d. Splatter cone volcano
52
Where is cold, denser mantle found?
a. A mid-oceanic ridge
b. A mid-oceanic trench
c. A mid-oceanic geyser
d. A mid-oceanic bridge
53
What are volcanic gasses that escape through a hole in the side of a volcano?
a. Parasitic cone
b. Fumerole
c. Summit crater
d. Magma chamber
54
Where is volcanism least present?
a. divergent plate boundary
b. convergent plate boundary
c. transform plate boundary
d. adduction plate boundary
55
Which of the following is a type of volcano that has gentle lower slopes, but steep upper
slopes?
a. shield volcano
b. stratovolcano
c. scoria cone volcano
d. splatter cone volcano
56
What does spreading center volcanism produce?
a. green smokers
b. mid-oceanic ridges
c. mid-continental ridges
d. geysers
57
What is a batholith?
a. A massive pluton that cools slowly
b. The first stage in the formation of metamorphic rocks
c. Usually generates fine textured igneous rocks
d. A moderate size pluton that forms just below the Earth's surface
58
Divergent plate boundaries are characteristic of what?
a. Seafloor spreading centers
b. All plate boundaries
c. Lateral motions of plates
d. Collision zones of compression between plates
59
Which of the following is true of volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands?
a. It is descriptive of magma generated by plate subduction.
b. It produces andesite-type volcanoes.
c. It is illustrative of magma generate at a mid-ocean rift zone.
d. It results from magma intrusion through ocean crust that has been moving across the top of a
hot-spot magma convection flow.
60
Which of the following is true of a laccolith?
a. It usually cools more rapidly than a batholith.
b. It usually is larger in size than a batholith.
c. It is illustrated by the local hot-spot landforms of the Hawaiian Islands.
d. It represents a place where extrusive igneous rocks form.
61
Where do the youngest rocks at the Earth's surface tend to be located?
a. On major mountain range where the crust is thickest
b. Near the midocean ridge
c. Near ocean trenches where subduction is occurring
d. The to shield region of North America
62
Shiprock, New Mexico, formed from lava solidifying in the "throat" of a volcano. Today,
the exposed sharp spire is called a _________________.
a. batholith
b. dike
c. volcanic neck
d. sill
63
Mount Fuji, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta are all
a. composite volcanoes.
b. lava domes.
c. shield volcanoes.
d. cinder cones.
64
A caldera forms
a. over a batholith.
b. from the collapse of a laccolith.
c. from the intrusion of a dike.
d. from the collapse of a volcanic crater.
65
A volcano which is composed of lava flows and pyroclastic material and which is steepsided and very tall is known as:
a. Syncline
b. Composite cone
c. Anticline
d. none of these
66
The solidified lava of a volcano belongs to which rock family?
a. igneous
b. metamorphic
c. sedimentary
d. fossilized
67
Iceland has a great deal of volcanic activity. Why is this?
a. It was formed above a mid-ocean rift.
b. It is part of the "Ring of Fire".
c. Two tectonic plates are rubbing against each other under Iceland.
d. The American plate is diving under the European plate in this region.
68
Which of the following was the Roman god of fire?
a. Jupiter
b. Neptune
c. Vulcan
d. Ceres
69
In what year did Mt. Vesuvius erupt?
a. AD 26
b. AD 32
c. AD 79
d. AD 113
70
Which of the following volcanoes in Italy is not active?
a. Mt. Vesuvius
b. Vulsini
c. Mt. Etna
d. Stromboli
71
What results when an oceanic plate subducts under another oceanic plate?
a. Island-arc volcano
b. Rift volcano
c. Spreading center
d. Continental rift zone
What results when plates move away from each other, spreading or splitting the earth’s
surface?
a. Island-arc volcano
b. Rift volcano
c. Continental rift zone
d. Anticline
72
73
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cinder cone volcano?
a. Made up of ash and cinders
b. Mainly explosive volcanoes
c. Steep cone-shaped hills
d. Relatively large in size
74
Stratovolcanoes can also be called __________________ volcanoes.
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
75
Which type of volcano is formed when rapid streams of lava spread and then cool,
forming smooth, gentle slops?
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
76
When lava is so viscous that it mounds over the vent without flowing away, what forms?
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
77
Which of the following is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic
material, rocky debris, and water?
a. Lava
b. Pumice
c. Lahar
d. Magma
78
Which of the following is a light, porous volcanic rock that forms during explosive
eruptions?
a. Lava
b. Pumice
c. Lahar
d. Magma
79
What is the world’s largest active volcano?
a. Mauna Loa
b. Mauna Kea
c. Mt. St. Helens
c. Mt. Etna
80
How many tectonic plates are there on Earth?
a. 7
b. 10
c. 17
d. 27
81
Submarine eruptions of volcanoes ________________________.
a. cannot occur because water causes magma to solidify too quickly
b. form pillow basalts
c. have never been observed
d. none of these
82
The most common type of volcano in the "Ring of Fire" is a
_________________________.
a. composite volcano
b. shield volcano
c. cinder cone
d. volcanic fissure
83
Which of the following best describes subduction?
a. Movement of tectonic plates away from each other
b. Movement of one tectonic plate against another
c. Movement of one tectonic plate under another
d. Side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates
84
Which of the following could be a global effect of a volcanic eruption?
a. cooler temperatures
b. cleaner air
c. warmer temperatures
d. clear skies
85
Which of the following is a benefit of volcanic eruptions?
a. Volcanic ash released into the atmosphere
b. Warmer temperatures
c. Flooding from melting snow caps
d. Volcanic soil for farming
86
Where do shield volcanoes usually form?
a. At Earth’s core
b. In lava tubes
c. In mantle chambers
d. At hot spots
87
What is a volcano?
a. A chamber in Earth’s crust for storing magma
b. A mountain range
c. A mudflow formed from ash and water
d. A vent in Earth’s surface through which magma passes
88
What is the Ring of Fire?
a. A chamber in Earth’s crust for storing magma
b. Volcanoes that formed near hot spots
c. An area in the Pacific Ocean with many volcanoes
d. A vent in Earth’s surface through which magma is expelled
89
What is volcanic soil used for?
a. Predicting future eruptions
b. Electricity
c. Filtering water
d. Farming
90
Rock begins to melt when
a. both pressure and temperature decrease.
b. both pressure and temperature increase.
c. temperature increases and pressure decreases.
d. temperature decreases and pressure increases.
91
Magma that explodes from a volcano and solidifies in the air is called
a. fissures.
b. volcanic bombs.
c. pyroclastic material.
d. molten rock.
92
Which of the following flows out quickly and forms a brittle crust?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
93
Which of the following forms from underwater eruptions?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
94
Which of the following oozes from a volcano and does not travel far?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
95
Which of the following forms a thin crust that wrinkles as molten lava moves
underneath?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
96
Which of the following is a liquid that is heated to hundreds of degrees and contains large
amounts of heat energy?
a. Lava
b. Magma
c. Geothermal water
d. Lahar
97
Which of the following describes the sequence of events before, during, and after a
volcanic eruption?
a. Lava flows out, the lava cools and hardens into rock, magma pushes up through the earth’s
crust.
b. The magma pushes up through the earth’s crust, lava flows out, the lava cools and hardens into
rock.
c. The lava cools and hardens into rock, magma pushes up through the earth’s crust
d. None of the above.
98
What is an extinct volcano?
a. A volcano that erupts every few years.
c. A volcano that no longer erupts.
b. A volcano that erupts occasionally.
d. A volcano that blow off an entire mountain top.
99
Most volcanoes form ________________________
a. Where the plates of the earth come together.
c. Where there are large holes in the ground.
b. In the middle of the ocean.
d. In the mountains.
100 What was the most destructive volcano in the history of the United States?
a. Kilauea, Hawaii.
b. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
c. Mount St. Helens
d. Surtsey, Iceland
1B
2A
3C
4B
5C
6B
7C
8B
9D
10C
11D
12A
13C
14A
15B
16C
17C
18B
19A
20C
21D
22B
23C
24A
25C
26D
27B
28A
29B
30C
31D
32B
33B
34B
35C
36A
37C
38B
39A
40D
41D
42B
43C
44A
45D
46D
47B
48D
49A
50C
51A
52B
53B
54C
55B
56B
57A
58A
59D
60A
61B
62C
63A
64D
65B
66A
67A
68C
69C
70B
71A
72B
73D
74C
75B
76D
77C
78B
79A
80C
81B
82A
83C
84A
85D
86D
87D
88C
89D
90C
91C
92B
93D
94A
95C
96C
97B
98C
99A
100C