EMBARGO: 00.01 BST WEDNESDAY 13th MAY 2015. Biologically and diagenetically derived peptide modifications in Moa collagens Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences We have sequenced proteins from bones of the extinct moa (flightless birds from New Zealand related to emus, ostriches, kiwis). These are the first peptide sequences reported from this bird, and include large portions of collagen I, the most abundant protein in bone, as well as sequences from collagen II and collagen V (other collagens found in bone and cartilage). We also show modifications to these proteins induced during life, and distinguish them from those occurring after its death. This study provides a baseline for future protein studies of moa and their relatives. Contact: Dr Timothy Cleland, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, clelat@rpi.edu, +1-970-420-6375 URL after publication: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rs pb.2015.0015