BrainPOP Science Key Terms
Types of Rock
IGNEOUS ROCK:
Igneous, from the root word ignite which means to catch fire! Did you know how an
igneous rock is formed? Extremely hot molten rock from the deep recesses of the earth makes its way out
and literally ignites everything it comes in contact with, once the liquid cools down, an igneous rock is
formed
(from Greek μάγμα "paste") is a mixture of molten rock
, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth
, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended
crystals and gas bubbles. Magma often collects in magma chamber
S that may feed a volcano
or turn into a pluton
. Magma is capable of intrusion into adjacent rocks, extrusion onto the surface as lava
, and explosive ejection as tephra
to form pyroclastic rock
MAGMA:
MOLTEN:
LAVA:
Lava
is molten rock that spews from an erupting volcano
is a process used by certain arthropods, amphibians, mollusks, cnidarians, echinoderms,
and tunicates to develop from a juvenile, larval stage into an adult stage. The larva may resemble
miniature versions of the adult, or look entirely different, but in most cases have fundamentally different
physiology, including special organs.
METAMORPHOSIS:
is loose, hard material lying on top of solid rock. Sediment comes in many forms and sizes,
and can originate from a variety of sources. Detrital sediment is produced by the weathering and erosion
of rocks exposed at Earth's surface. Chemical sediment forms as minerals crystallize and settle from
water that contains lots of dissolved particles. Biochemical sediment accumulates as plants and animals
die and their hard parts, such as skeletons and shells, are deposited on the ocean floor.
SEDIMENT:
ALIGN: to arrange in a straight line; adjust according to a line
ERODE:
to reduce gradually differences in salary between different grades
The Rock Cycle
The term igneous rock cycle is not really a term at all, but in terms of the rock cycle igneous
rocks are the beginning place. All of the rocks on the surface of our planet were at one time molten rock.
Beneath the thin rocky crust of the earth is the inferno of the mantle! This is the origin of igneous rocks.
IGNEOUS:
a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no
slate cleavages
SEDIMENTARY:
Metamorphic rocks need to be defined. Students will be given a few examples of how
metamorphic rocks can be formed out of other rocks. Students will use crayons as a representation of
sedimentary rocks, and manipulate the sediments into a metamorphic rock. Students will apply the
formation of metamorphic rocks to The Rock Cycle
METAMORPHIC:
MAGMA:
The hot molten rock that forms beneath earth’s surface
A repeated series of events by which rocks gradually and continually changes between igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic forms
ROCK CYCLE:
Weathering
WEATHERING:
SEDIMENTS:
the breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near earth's surface
delivered from water erosion causes substantial waterway damages and water quality
degradation
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
Rock formed by the compaction and cementing of layers of sediment
MECHANICAL WEATHERING:
the state of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness,
moisture, pressure, etc.
is erosion by the weather via chemical processes. Meaning, the process changes
existing rock molecules into different molecules. The general reason this could lead to erosion is that harder
rock becomes softer or insoluble rock becomes soluble
CHEMICAL WEATHERING:
(Chemistry / Elements & Compounds) a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide combines
with water: obtained only in aqueous solutions, never in the pure state. Formula: H2CO3
CARBONIC ACID:
Erosion:
When an innovation or technological breakthrough reduces the value of one or more of a
company’s existing assets
WEATHERING: the breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near earth's surface
EROSION:
Deltas are the result of interacting fluvial (river) and, usually, marine systems. However,
they can form anywhere a stream flows into shallower open water.
RIVER DELTA:
CANYONS:
GLACIER:
A valley, especially a long, narrow, steep valley, cut in rock by a river
Large mass of ice on land that flows under the pressure of its own weight.
GLACIAL EROSION:
Stream erosion the most important erosion process
Mineral Identification:
MINERAL: Rocks
make up all of the material of the landmasses of Earth and are defined as an
aggregate of minerals and silicates and is predominantly found in the solid state of matter. Rocks are
split into separate categories such as sedimentary and igneous which define the way they were created or
formed. Rock allows for the building of structures through the use of concrete,bricks, stucco, and a myriad
of other uses. In addition, rocks also comprise the crystals formed such as salts and precious gemstones
like diamonds and sapphires. Some rocks are formed from the decay of organic materials as in the case of
coal and peat. Even clocks use rocks in the form of quartz for their time keeping. Rocks will typically
have more generic names like boulder, stone,pebble and mountain and do not usually have proper names
such as copper or basalt.
: a feature or characteristic that characterizes or distinguishes someone
TRAIT
HARDNESS:
chem hardness of water due to the presence of magnesium and calcium hydrogen carbonates,
which can be precipitated as carbonates by boiling
A scale for classifying minerals based on relative hardness, determined by the ability of harder
minerals to scratch softer ones. The scale includes the following minerals, in order from softest to hardest
MOHS SCALE:
LUSTER:
the state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss: the luster of
satin
STREAK (NOUN):
CLEAVAGE:
a long, narrow mark, smear, band of color, or the like: streaks of mud.
the act of cleaving or splitting
FRACTURE (NOUN):
The act or process of breaking