SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Figure S1. Empty-vector transgenic tobacco controls are identical to wild-type tobacco. (a)
Mature empty vector transgenic plant. (b) Wild-type tobacco plant (note the difference in scale).
(c) Mature leaf of empty-vector transgenic plant. (d) Mature leaf of wild-type tobacco plant from
comparable internodes. (e, f) Morphology of transgenic empty-vector flowers. (g, h) Morphology
of wild-type tobacco flowers. (i) gDNA PCR of empty-vector transgenic lines confirms the
presence of the T-DNA and its absence from wild-type (WT) plants. Scale bars = 5 cm in a, b; 1
cm in c-h.
Figure S2. 35S::AmHIRZ transformants exhibit a range of vegetative phenotypes ranging from
weak (W), intermediate (I) and severe (S). (a) 35S::AmHIRZ vegetative phenotypes. (b) Weak
leaf-wrinkling phenotype, line 26.2. (c) Intermediate phenotypes include elongated stems, small
thickened leaves, mildly to deeply lobed with disrupted symmetry, line 6.3. (d) Range of leaf
phenotypes; note the curved mid-vein in 26.2 and disrupted lateral leaf veins in lower leaves
(6.3a), and leaf lobing in upper leaves (6.3b) of intermediate phenotype plants. Leaf shape and
size are severely disrupted with increasing phenotypic severity (lines 23/24). (e) Ectopic shoots
form on the adaxial leaf surface. (f) Severe dwarfism phenotype, as seen in lines 23 and 24. (g)
gDNA PCR indicates the presence of the T-DNA. (h) Non-quantitative RT-PCR indicates
expression of the T-DNA. Scale bars = 5 cm in b, c, e, f; 1 mm in d.
Figure S3. 35S::AmHIRZ floral phenotypes also range in severity. As the severity increases,
flowers are less darkly pigmented. (a) Weak phenotype lines (26.2) have near-normal flowers.
Lines 6.3 (b, e) and 9.2 (c, k) have almost normal flowers with ectopic sac-like outgrowths of
tissue at the margins of the fused petals of the corolla tube. Intermediate floral phenotypes, e.g.
line 9.2 (c, k) and 20 (i,j), have a shorter, dissected corolla tube. The corolla tube can be heavily
wrinkled with numerous perturbations (d) and additional tissue growth (f). Flowers can be
severely dissected (g) with wrinkled corolla tubes (h) e.g., line 17.2. Arrows indicate ectopic saclike outgrowths. Scale bars = 1 cm. Figures b-h were photographed at the same scale.
Figure S4. Vegetative and floral phenotypes of 35S::AmINA transformants. (a) Range of
vegetative phenotypes. (b, c) Leaves are small and wrinkled with a curved mid-vein (lines 3.1, 5,
10; b) and ectopic shoots on the adaxial leaf surface (line 4; c). (d-j) In weak-intermediate lines,
e.g. line 3.1, flowers are almost normal (d) but with a reduced corolla tube, ectopic bulges (white
arrow; e) and an exerted style (e, f). Severe phenotypes include crowded inflorescences and
aborted buds (g, h). Flowers lack pigment, the petals fail to fuse (i) and anthers (red arrow in j)
fail to elongate. (k) gDNA PCR indicates the presence of the T-DNA. (l) Non-quantitative RTPCR indicates expression of the T-DNA. Scale bars = 5 cm in a; 3 cm in b, c; 1 cm in d-j.
Figure S5. Vegetative and floral phenotypes of 35S::LvHIRZ transformants. (a) Range of
vegetative phenotypes. (b) In severe lines, such as line 5.1, leaves fail to develop and dwarfing is
severe. (c) Leaves are small, wrinkled and have disrupted venation, with extensive lobing (line
5.2) and ectopic shoots on the adaxial leaf surface (line 1.1; c). In intermediate lines, such as
lines 1.1 (d), 4.3 (e) and 6.2 (j), inflorescences are crowded, with many aborted buds (d, e).
Flowers that do develop are smaller and narrower than wild-type and lack pigment (d, e, j).
Although the corolla tube does elongate (d, e), the anthers (red arrows in d, e) remain short. In
more weakly affected plants, the corolla tube may be bent, as in line 5.2 (f), or dissected (white
arrows in h, i), as in lines 5.4 (g), 5.5 (h) and 6.3 (i), with reduced length. (j) gDNA PCR
indicates the presence of the T-DNA. (k) Non-quantitative RT-PCR indicates expression of the
T-DNA. Scale bars = 3 cm in c; 1 cm in b, d-j.
Table S1. Primers used in this work. Sequences highlighted in bold face represent restriction
sites added to primers. Degenerate base sequence Y = C/T, S = G/C, R = A/G.