REGULATIONS
Certificate and Diploma in
PSYCHOANALYTIC
PSYCHOLOGY
BIRKBECK
University of London
FACULTY OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Regulations for the University of London
Extra-Mural Certificate and Diploma in
Psychoanalytic Psychology
TARGET AUDIENCE AND AIM
This award will be of interest to: trainee or practising counsellors and therapists who would like
further theoretical coverage of psychoanalytic ideas; students from other disciplines who are
interested in how psychoanalysis might inform their own subject areas; anyone wishing for a
systematic introduction to the theories and concepts of psychoanalysis. It should be noted,
however, that the course does not constitute a professional training
While presenting the main branches of psychoanalytic theory as relatively self-contained
traditions, each with its own distinctive contribution, the course will also guard against undue
fragmentation and, where appropriate, highlight the commonalities and themes shared between
traditions.
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS
Open to all who apply and who feel that they may benefit.
PATTERN AND PROGRESSION OF STUDY
The Certificate and Diploma consists in the following courses;
Course 1
Course 2
Course 3
Course 4
Freudian Foundations of Psychoanalysis
Jung and Analytical Psychology
Kleinian and Object Relations Theories
From Lacan to Postmodernism
Special Topic courses; a range of short (half module) courses will be offered exploring particular
areas within psychoanalysis. Examples of special topic course titles include:
Psychoanalysis and Gender
Power and Inferiority: the Psychology of Adler
Fear of Freedom: Erich Fromm and Humanistic Psychoanalysis
Shame and Self Esteem
Such courses may vary from year to year depending on the availability and interest of lecturers.
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For the Certificate, the equivalent of three full courses must be taken, which must include course
1. (Eg courses 1, 2 and 3 or courses 1, 2 plus two half modules). It is recommended that course 1
is taken first.
For the Diploma, the equivalent of four courses must be taken which must include course 1. It is
recommended that course 1 is taken first.
Students may take more than one course at a time, bearing in mind the time required for
additional study outside the class. (See below)
AWARD OF THE CERTIFICATE AND DIPLOMA
To be awarded the Certificate and the Diploma. students must attend the classes provided
regularly, undertake the work required in each course and satisfy the examiners in the prescribed
assessment.
ATTENDANCE
Regular attendance amounting to 50% of the possible student contact hours is required in order
for students to be eligible for assessment.
TEACHING
Courses 1 to 4 each involve 48 hours tuition, normally distributed over 24 weeks.
Special Topic courses involve 24 hours tuition, normally over 12 weeks.
Students should allow 2-4 hours of additional study time per week for their own reading and
coursework. Classes are offered at various centres, mostly in the evening although some are also
available in the daytime.
Teaching takes the form of lectures, seminars or class presentations by students , individually or
in groups
COURSEWORK
Students will be expected to prepare coursework for formal assessment and such other work as
may be set by the lecturer. For courses 1 to 4, the work submitted for formal assessment will
amount to 4000 - 6000 words normally in four 1000 to 1500 word pieces. For the Special Topic
courses, the work submitted will amount to 2000 - 3000 words in two pieces
Coursework may include essays, reviews, oral presentations, case studies and exercises
appropriate to the subject.
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MODE OF ASSESSMENT
All pieces of work submitted to the lecturer for formal assessment during the course will be
submitted to the examiners for assessment. This coursework will carry 100% of the possible
marks.
FURTHER STUDY
Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS) General Credit Points
The courses for this award are assessed as CATS general credit points as follows:
30 points at level 1 for each full module successfully completed
15 points at level 1 for each half module successfully completed
90 points at level 1 for the certificate
120 points at level 1 for the diploma
Transferring with credit to other courses
Students who have completed courses for this award may find that the certificate and diploma
carry exemptions for them from parts of subsequent courses they may wish to apply for.
However, there may be other requirements and tests for entry. Students should consult
admissions officers of the institutions concerned about their eligibility.
Transferring to degree courses in the University of London and Elsewhere
Students who have completed courses for this award may find that the certificate and diploma
carry exemptions from the normal entrance requirements of the University of London and other
institutions of higher education, or training, including the Open University. There may be other
tests for entry. Students should consult admissions officers of the institutions concerned.
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND BOOKLISTS
COURSE 1 Freudian Foundations of Psychoanalysis
The aim of this course is to review the major concepts and historical development of
psychoanalytic thinking as conceived originally by Freud. While some of the more important
post-Freudian developments will be indicated, it will be left to later options to consider these in
more detail.
The Cultural and Scientific Background
The context of Freud’s early development; the emergence of psychoanalysis in Freud’s own
thought.
First Formulations
Studies in hysteria, dream interpretation, psychopathology of everyday life. The emergence of
technique: free association and dream analysis; some sample case histories.
Sexuality
Theories of psychosexual development, libido and repression, life and death instincts; the
seduction theory; reactions and re-formulations.
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Mental Models
Conscious and unconscious; id ego and super-ego; defence mechanisms of the ego.
Psychopathology and Analytic Treatment
Views on anxiety and neurosis; mourning and melancholia; abreaction, transference, and
interpretation; the question of lay analysis.
The Psychoanalytic Movement: growth and divergence
Early breakaways, Jung and Adler; the growth of the international movement; Europe and
beyond; Klein and Anna Freud; psychoanalysis in America.
Socio-political Implications and Applications
Men, women and gender; applications to history, anthropology, aesthetics. Relations with science
and scientific psychology; questions of verifiability and validity.
Reading List
C Badcock Essential Freud (2nd edition, Blackwell, 1992)
A Bateman and J Holmes Introduction to Psychoanalysis (Routledge, 1995)
L Bellach Psychoanalysis as a Science (Allyn and Bacon, 1993)
S Freud New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (Pelican Freud Library 1973)
P Gay Freud: A Life for Oour Time (Papermac 1989)
E Gellner The Psychoanalytic Movement (2nd edition, Fontana, 1993)
S Frosh The Politics of Psychoanalysis (Macmillan, 1999)
A Elliot and S Frosh Psychoanalysis in Contexts (Routledge, 1995)
S Frosh For and Against Psychoanalysis (Routledge, 1997)
R Webster Why Freud Was Wrong (Fontana, 1996)
COURSE 2 Jung and Analytical Psychology
The aim of this course is to introduce Jung's theories on the structure and dynamics of the
psyche, on psychopathology and psychotherapeutic technique. Post-Jungian developments in
analytical psychology, and major themes of difference and convergence with post-Freudian
theoretical developments will be evaluated.
Introduction
An overview of Jung's model of the psyche. Freud and Jung; collaboration, libido theory and the
break; implications for psychoanalysis and analytical psychology
The Archetype and the Individual
Jung's theory of archetypes and the Collective Unconscious; the personal unconscious;
consciousness and the ego. Typology. Persona and Shadow. Gender: anima and animus. The
Self. Archetypal unconscious and post-Jungian schools. Transpersonal psychology, religious
experience and symbolism.
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Development, Psychopathology and Individuation
Jungian psychodynamics; opposition, compensation and the complexes. Individuation and the
stages of life; Symptoms, symbols, dreams and the transcendant function. Post-Jungian
developments; Fordham's theory of the self and infancy; the marriage with Klein and object
relations; Hillman and archetypal psychology.
The Analytical Process
The analytical relationship; transference and counter-transference; similarities and contrasts with
Freudian emphases. The alchemical metaphor; interpretation, amplification, active imagination,
and thinking. Regression and progress. Jung and the post-Freudian schools; some points of
convergence in theory and technique: Kohut, Winnicott, and British object relations.
Reading List
C G Jung Memories, Dreams and Reflections (Fontana, 1983)
A Samuels Jung and the Post-Jungians (RKP 1985)
J Singer Boundaries of the Soul (2nd edition, Prism, 1994)
M Stein (ed) Jungian Analysis (2nd edition, Open Court, 1995)
A Storr Jung: Selected Writings (Fontana, 1983)
E Christopher and H M Soloman Jungian Thought in the Modern World (Free Association
Books, 2000)
R M Gray Archetypal Explorations (Routledge, 1996)
R H Hopcke A Guided Tour of the Collected Works of C G Jung (Shambala, 1999)
COURSE 3 Kleinian and Object Relations Theories
The aim of this course will be to review and evaluate the contributions to psychoanalysis made
by Melanie Klein and her successors, including the Object Relations school.
Kleinian Theory
Developments out of Freud's work and differences from Freudian theory; work with children and
the use of play; phantasy and the internal world; infantile mechanisms of splitting, projection,
introjection, projective identification; the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions; part- and
whole-object relating; envy and gratitude; the role of life and death instincts.
Post-Kleinian Developments
Wilfred Bion: Reverie, Containment and Thinking. Hannah Segal: symbolisation and symbolic
equation.
British Object Relations Theory
Fairbairn and Guntrip: schizoid phenomena; ego and object structures; Winnicott, the motherinfant relationship, holding and the facilitating environment; transitional phenomena; the true
and false self. Comparative views of the Analytic Encounter: Holding, Transference,
Countertransference, Interpretation and Regression
American Contributions
The contributions of American theorists such as: Sullivan, Mahler, Kernberg, Jacobson may be
reviewed.
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Reading List
R Anderson (ed) Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion (Routledge 1992)
J Grotstein and D Rinsley Fairbairn and the Origins of Object Relations (Free Association
Books, 1994)
N Herman My Kleinian Home (Free Association Books 1983)
M Klein Love, Guilt and Reparation (Virago 1988)
J M Quinodoz The Taming of Solitude (Routledge 1993)
J Segal Melanie Klein (Sage, 1992)
J Sayers Klenians: Psychoanalysis Inside and Out (Polity Press 2000)
J S Scharff and D E Scharff The Primer of Object Relations Therapy (Aronson 1995)
COURSE 4 Lacan to Post-Modernism
The aim of this course is to review the contributions made by Jacques Lacan to psychoanalysis
and in particular their influence on the interdisciplinary movement known as cultural theory. The
course will introduce the major themes underlying this approach.
Introduction and Background
Philosophical foundations; the psychoanalytic revolution; linguistic theory and structuralism;
from Freud to Lacan, individual psyche to self as a social construct.
Lacan and Lacanian Themes
Subjectivity and its philosophical underpinnings; speech and the unconscious; the speaking
subject and the subject in language; the mirror stage; the phallus and signification
Clinical Technique and the Cure
The role of the analyst; silence vs interpretation; transference; ethics of psychoanalysis;
psychoanalytic politics in the French context.
Themes in Cultural Theory
Applications to art, film and literary criticism; gender, feminism and the phallus; language and
the body; post-structuralism, deconstruction and discourse; post-modernism and cultural theory.
Amongst others, the work of Derrida, Foucault, Kristeva and Lyotard will be addressed.
Reading List
M Bowie Lacan (Fontana, 1991)
A Easthope and K McGowan A Critical and Cultural Theory Reader (Open University, 1992)
A Elliott Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction (Blackwell, 1994)
*M Sarup Post-structuralism and Post-modernism (Harvester, 1993)
J Dor Introduction to the Reading of Lacan (The Other Press, 1998)
J Dor The Clinical Lacan (The Other Press, 1999)
D Nobus Jacques Lacan (Routledge, 2000)
*Recommended course text
SPECIAL TOPICS
The range of special topic courses offered may vary from year to year.
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FURTHER INFORMATION
The regulations change from time to time; students should ensure that they keep up-to-date with
any changes. There are separately published regulations on the conduct of courses, classes and
final assessment. Details of the classes provided for these courses each year is available in the
Programme, published in June.
Further information about this award, and about other awards and courses provided by the
Faculty of Continuing Education may be obtained from:
Programme Manager for Psychology
Birkbeck
University of London
Faculty of Continuing Education
26 Russell Square
London WC1B 5DQ
Telephone
Fax
020 7631 6669/6665
020 7631 6686
Date of last revision: June 2002
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