SELF WORK TOPIC PLAN
in Toxicological Chemistry for the 4-th year students
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ІХ semester 2014-2015 years
Specialty “Pharmacy”
№
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Module 1 Topics
Introduction to the subject of toxicological chemistry and forensic chemistry.
General principles of classification toxins: chemical structure, application
purpose, the degree of toxicity (hygienic), type of toxic effect (toxicological)
selective toxicity by means of selection of objects of biological origin.
Classification by cause of poisoning, with conditions (place) development,
clinical basis (acute, chronic, subacute poisoning), by way of penetration into the
body; nosological classification. Ways of penetration of toxins into the body,
transport mechanisms of absorption and the relationship with their physical and
chemical properties of toxic substances. Basic patterns of behavior and distribution
of toxic substances in the body and excreted.
Toxicological significance, separation from biological material, methods of
detection and quantification of hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids, and nitrates
and nitrites.
General and toxicological characterization of toxic substances which are
isolated from biological material by distillation with water vapor (volatile):
hydrocyanic acid and cyanides, alkyl halides, aliphatic monohydric alcohols
(methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl and isoamyl) , polyhydric
alcohols
(ethylene
glycol),
aldehydes
(formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde,
poliatsetaldehid (metaldehyde or dry alcohol), ketones (acetone), aromatic
hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene), monohydric phenols (phenol, cresol),
aromatic amines (aniline and its derivatives), carboxylic acids (acetic acid), ethers,
esters, tselozolvy, phenol-formaldehyde resin components refining products,
components, adhesives and more.
Causes and frequency of poisoning volatile substances. Features combined
poisoning.
Methods for isolation of volatile substances from biological objects, food and
environmental objects. Factors that affect the allocation of volatiles from the
objects of study by distillation.
The value of the results of chemical-toxicological analysis for the diagnosis of
poisoning volatile substances. Means detoxification for poisoning volatile
substances.
General and toxicological characterization of phosgene - a product of oxidation
of chloroform and trichlorethylene (by light and oxygen). Rapid detection method
of phosgene.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of analysis "fusel" oils (propyl,
isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and amyl alcohols), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene,
toluene, xylene), acetaldehyde, metaldehyde, ethers, esters, tselozolviv, phenolformaldehyde resins, components refining products, components adhesives and
perfumery chemical reactions and by gas-liquid chromatography.
Toxicological characteristics of metals: application, properties, toxic effects,
the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion.
Macronutrients and micronutrients. Methods for selection of metal objects of study
of biological origin. Preparation mineralizatu to analysis.
Features mineralizatu sediment examination for the presence of metals.
Investigation of liquid mineralizatu the presence and content of manganese,
chromium, silver, copper, zinc, cadmium, thallium, bismuth, antimony and arsenic
physical and physico-chemical methods (atomic absorption spectroscopy, roentgen
Hours
6
2
4
2
6
4
6
-fluorescent bezdyfraktsiynyy method, etc.).
8.
Features allocation of mercury from biological material and methods of
qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Current Exam Preparation for Module 1
Total:
2
2
32
SELF WORK TOPIC PLAN
in Toxicological Chemistry for the 5-th year students
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ІХ semester 2014-2015 years
Specialty “Pharmacy”
№
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Module 2 Topics
Hours
General and toxicological characteristics, mechanisms of pharmacological and toxic effects
of drugs. Classical methods of isolation of drugs from biological material during forensic
toxicological examination. Apart (special) methods barbiturates selection method (P. Gross), 1,4benzodiazepine derivatives (method Izotov BN), phenothiazine derivatives method (EM
Salomatin).
The influence of various factors on the effectiveness of the allocation of these substances at
different stages of the process (the nature, condition and previous training facility, nature of
solvent, pH, electrolyte and acid nature, degree of ionization methods precipitation of proteins,
etc.). Methods of purification and separation of toxic substances from related endogenous
impurities (proteins, fats, lipids, coloring agents, etc.).: Different types of chromatography,
electrophoresis, extraction, dialysis and electrodialysis, sublimation, etc..
Methods of natural and artificial detoxification in acute poisoning medicinal substances.
Toxicological profile of drugs that are extracted from the acidic environment. Methods of
analysis in "sour" chloroform extract indole derivatives (strychnine and brucine - chilibuha seed
alkaloids, reserpine - plants of Rauwolfia alkaloid, physostigmine - beans fizostyhmy alkaloid,
harmine and harmalin - harmaly alkaloids, ibohain - ibohy alkaloid, ergotamine and erhonin ergot alkaloids , psylotsyn and psilocybin - magic mushrooms alkaloids; bufotenin - alkaloid
curariform action leather tropical frogs).
Toxicological profile of drugs that are extracted from alkaline environment. Research in the
"alkaline" chloroform extracts derivatives of pyridine and piperidine (anabazyn, nicotine,
arekolin, koniyin, lobeline, choice amounts) derived imidazoline (clonidine) fenilalkilaminu
(amphetamine, amphetamine), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, imizyn,
trymipramin) synthetic opioids (methadone, fentanyl, Promedolum, fentsyklidyn, ketamine,
tramadol) by means of chemical reactions, chromatographic methods (TLC, HRH, HPLC),
spectrophotometric (UV, IR spectroscopy) and ELISA analysis.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of naturally
occurring poisons: fitotoksyniv (ricin, dytylin, nicotine, atropine, scopolamine, etc.) zootoksyniv
(tetrodotoksyn) shlyapkovyh poison mushrooms, lower fungi toxins (mycotoxins), algae toxins
(alhotoksyny) and microbial toxins . Diagnosis of poisoning and detoxification of the body.
6
4
12
4
General characteristics of barbiturates: properties, applications, toxic effects, the clinical
picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. Preliminary tests and rapid
analysis of acute intoxication with barbiturates.
2
General characteristics of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives: properties, applications, toxic
effects, the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives.
2
General characteristics of phenothiazine derivatives: properties, applications, toxic effects,
the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. Preliminary tests
and rapid analysis of acute intoxication phenothiazine derivatives.
Overview of opium alkaloids: properties, applications, toxic effects, the clinical picture of
acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of
acute intoxication opiates.
Overview of cannabinoids: properties, applications, toxic effects, the clinical picture of acute
poisoning, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute
intoxication of cannabinoids.
Current Exam Preparation for Module 2
2
2
2
2
Total:
№
Module 3 Topics
Hours
1.
Toxicological significance of chlorinated pesticides: organochlorine pesticides (HOP) and
chlorinated derivatives of carboxylic acids. General and toxicological characteristics, mechanism
of toxic action, biotransformation, distribution, and excretion of HOP. Methods for selection of
research objects and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of chlorinated pesticides (HCH,
heptachlor, DDT, metoksyhlor, keltan, pertan, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, etc.). Diagnosis of acute poisoning
and medical care.
4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of pesticides
urea derivatives. Methods for selection of research objects and methods of chemicaltoxicological analysis monuronu, maloranu and krysydu (α-naftyltiokarbamidu).
Diagnosis of acute poisoning and medical care.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of pesticides
derived sim-triazine (atrazine, prometryn, prometon, simazine) and Nesimi-triazine
(metrybuzyn). Methods for selection of research objects and methods of chemical and
toxicological analysis. Diagnosis of acute poisoning and medical care.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of pesticide
derivatives of phenol (DNOC, PCPs). Methods for selection of research objects and methods of
chemical and toxicological analysis. Diagnosis of acute poisoning and medical care.
General and toxicological characteristics, toxicological significance, mechanism of toxic
action, biotransformation and excretion of pesticides distribution derivatives of carbamic acid
(propoksur, karbaryl, oxamyl, fenmedifam, benomyl), and derivatives and thio
dytiokarbaminovoyi acid (molinat, karbation, tyram, tsyneb). Methods for selection of research
objects and methods of chemical and toxicological analysis. Diagnosis of acute poisoning and
medical care.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of pesticide
derivatives hloratsetanilidu (propahlor, pretilahlor, metolachlor). Diagnosis of acute poisoning
and medical care.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of synthetic
pyrethroids - pesticide derivatives tsyklopropankarbonovoyi acid (aletryn, resmetryn, tetrametry,
fenotryn, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltametryn, tsyhalotryn etc.). Diagnosis of acute poisoning
and medical care.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis of pesticides organic compounds of tin and mercury.
Research extracts of biological material for pesticides enzymatic methods
(hromatoenzymnyy method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cholinesterase test).
Research extracts of biological material content POP chemical reactions.
Research extracts of biological material content POP chromatographic methods.
Quantitative determination of organophosphorus pesticides in the objects of study.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of analysis poisons that require special methods of
selection (fluorides, kremniyftorydy, bromine, iodine).
Toxicological characterization of carbon monoxide, especially its detection and
determination in humans. Methods for detection of carboxyhemoglobin and karboksymiohlobinu.
Spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and karboksymiohlobinu.
Current Exam Preparation for Module 3
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
6
2
4
4
6
6
2
Total: