“APPROVED”
Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs
Prof.GuminskyY.J.
_________________
2015 year
Self Work in Toxicological Chemistry
For the Foreign Students
Speciality “Pharmacy”
№
Topic
Module 1
1.
Introduction to the subject of toxicological chemistry and forensic chemistry.
General principles of classification of poisons, chemical structure, the
purpose of the application, the degree of toxicity (hygienic), type of toxic
effects (toxicological) selective toxicity by means of selection of the objects of
biological origin.
2.
Classification by cause of poisoning, under (place) development, a principle
clinical (acute, chronic, subacute poisoning) by way of penetration in the body;
nosological classification. Ways of penetration of toxins in the body, absorption
and transport mechanisms relationship with their physical and chemical
properties of toxic substances.
3.
Basic laws of behavior and distribution of toxic substances in the body and
excretion.
4.
Toxicological significance, separation from biological material, methods of
detection and quantification of hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acid and nitrates
and nitrites.
5.
General and toxicological characterization of toxic substances which are
isolated from biological material by distillation with water vapor (volatile
matter), hydrocyanic acid and cyanide, alkyl halides, aliphatic monohydric
alcohols (methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl and isoamyl) ,
polyhydric alcohols (ethylene glycol), aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
poliatsetaldehid (metaldehyde or dry alcohol), ketones (acetone), aromatic
hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene), monohydric phenols (phenol, cresol),
aromatic amines (aniline and its derivatives), carboxylic acids (acetic acid),
ethers, esters, tselozolvy, phenol-formaldehyde resins, components of oil
products, component adhesives etc.
6.
Causes and frequency of poisonings volatile substances. Features combined
poisoning.
7.
Methods allocation of volatile substances from biological objects, foodstuffs
and objects of the environment. Factors that affect the process of extracting
volatile substances from the objects of research by distillation.
8.
The value of the results of chemical-toxicological analysis for the diagnosis
of poisonings volatile substances. Means detoxification poisoning with volatile
substances.
9
General and toxicological characteristics phosgene - a product of oxidation
of chloroform and trichlorethylene (under the influence of light and oxygen).
Rapid detection method of phosgene.
10
Toxicological characteristics and methods of analysis "fusel" oils (propyl,
isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and amyl alcohols), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene,
toluene, xylene), acetaldehyde, metaldehyde, ethers, esters, tselozolviv, phenol-
Hours
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
formaldehyde resins, components of oil products, components adhesives and
perfumery chemical reactions and by gas-liquid chromatography.
11
Toxicological characteristic of metals: application, properties and toxic
effects, the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution and
excretion in the body.
Total number of hours for self work for Module 1
№
Topic
Module 2
1.
General and toxicological characteristics, mechanism of pharmacological and
toxic effects of drugs. Classical methods of selection of drugs with biological
material during forensic toxicological examination. Apart (special) methods
barbiturates selection method (P. Gross) 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative method
(Izotov), phenothiazine derivatives (method Salomatin).
2.
The influence of various factors on the efficiency of the allocation of these
substances at different stages of the process (the nature, condition and prior
training facility, nature of solvent, pH, electrolyte and acid nature, degree of
ionization, methods of precipitation of proteins, etc.).
3.
The methods of purification and separation of toxic substances from
endogenous related impurities (proteins, fats, lipids, coloring agents and
others.): Various types of chromatography, electrophoresis, extraction, dialysis
and electrodialysis, sublimation, etc.
4.
Natural and artificial methods of detoxification in acute poisoning medicinal
substances.
5.
Toxicological characterization of drugs that are extracted from the acidic
environment. Methods of analysis in "sour" chloroform extract derived indole
(strychnine and brucine - alkaloids seeds chilibuha, reserpine - alkaloid plants
of Rauwolfia, physostigmine - alkaloid beans fizostyhmy; harmine and
harmalin - alkaloids harmaly, ibohain - alkaloid ibohy, erhonin and ergotamine
- ergot alkaloids ; psilocin and psilocybin - magic mushrooms alkaloids;
bufotenin - Curariform action alkaloid skin tropical frogs).
6.
Toxicological characterization of drugs that are extracted from an alkaline
medium. Research in the "alkaline" chloroform extracts pyridine derivatives
and piperidine (Anabasine, nicotine, arekolin, Coniine, lobeline, choice
amounts) derivatives imidazolinu (clonidine), fenilalkilaminu (amphetamine,
amphetamine), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, imizyn,
trymipramin) synthetic opioids (methadone, fentanyl, Promedolum,
fentsyklidyn, ketamine, tramadol) through chemical reactions, chromatographic
methods (TLC, HRH, HPLC), spectrophotometric (UV, IR spectroscopy) and
ELISA analysis. Quantitative determination of drugs in extracts from biological
material.
7.
Toxicological characteristics and methods of chemical-toxicological analysis
of poisons natural origin: fitotoksyniv (ricin, dytylin, nicotine, atropine,
scopolamine, etc.) zootoksyniv (tetrodotoksyn), poisons shlyapkovyh fungi,
toxins lower fungi (mycotoxins), toxins algae (alhotoksyny) and microbial
toxins . Diagnosis of poisoning and detoxification of the body.
8.
Overview of barbiturates, properties, applications, toxic effects, the clinical
picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution and excretion in the body.
9.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication barbiturates.
10
Overview of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives: properties, applications, toxic
effects, the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution and
2
22
Hours
6
6
6
6
6
8
6
6
6
6
11
10
11
12
13
14
15
excretion in the body.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication 1,4-benzodiazepine
derivatives.
General characteristics phenothiazine derivatives: properties, applications,
toxic effects, the clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution
and excretion in the body.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication phenothiazine
derivatives.
Overview of opium alkaloids: properties, applications, toxic effects, the
clinical picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution and excretion in the
body.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication opiates.
Overview of cannabinoids: properties, applications, toxic effects, the clinical
picture of acute poisoning, metabolism, distribution and excretion in the body.
Preliminary tests and rapid analysis of acute intoxication cannabinoids
Total number of hours for self work for Module 2
The Head of the Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
94
PhD Assistant professor
YuschenkoT.I.