Unit 4 Test Review
Section A: Evolution
1. What are the five points of natural selection?
2. Describe the following methods of speciation: bottleneck, geographic isolation, reproductive isolation
3. What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Section B: Biodiversity
4. What is biodiversity?
5. What is genetic diversity, and how are populations with low genetic diversity vulnerable?
6. Where on earth is species diversity the greatest?
7. How many mass extinctions have there been in the last 500 million years? What are we currently
experiencing, due to man?
8. What is an endangered species? A threatened species?
9. What are general characteristics of a species that make it vulnerable to extinction?
10. What does the HIPPCO acronym stand for? What is the greatest cause of biodiversity loss?
11. Why and how do invasive species cause biodiversity loss?
12. List and explain six benefits of biodiversity (Hint: These are ecosystem services, you may need to
check your “Community Ecology and Ecosystem Services” notes from unit 3!)
13. Explain the ESA.
14. Explain CITIES.
Section C: Invasive Species
15. Explain the difference between native, introduced, and invasive species
16. What is biocontrol and what are the general objectives?
17. Describe three invasive species; how and why they were introduced, what the general problem with
them is.
Section D: Biomes
18. What biomes does fire play a major role in? Why?
19. What biome does leaf litter play an important role in? What are three benefits of leaf litter?
20. Fill in the following chart:
Biome
Biome Sub-type
Desert
Precipitation and
Temperature
Tropical desert
Temperate desert
Cold desert
Grasslands
Temperate
Shrubland
Forest
Aquatic
Savanna
Temperate
grassland
(tall/short grass
prairies, pampas)
Arctic or Alpine
Tundra (cold grass
lands)
Chaparral
Tropical (tropical
rain forest)
Temperate
(deciduous- trees
loose leaves)
Cold (northern
coniferous and
boreal, taiga)
Lake or pond
Wetlands (marsh,
swamp, bog)
Open ocean
4 zones of lake or
pond
Three zones
Plants and
animals
Location where
biome found