FAQ4 Explain the action of a pendulum - starting from the initial motionless state.
What are the Scientific Laws used?
If the pendulum is stationary, there are two forces acting on it. The first one is the
weight or the force due to gravity. The second is the tension of the string. These
two forces exactly balance each other. Since no work is done in this stationary state,
both the potential energy and the kinetic energy can be regarded as zero.
If we give a horizontal push or pulse force to a stationary pendulum at the pendulum
weight, this pulse force can be treated as the initial force that supplies the initial
energy. This horizontal pulse force immediately increases the tension of the string.
This increased tension will do work against gravity to lift the pendulum up. In other
words, the pulse force immediately causes the tension of the string to do work against
gravity. This work done by the tension of the string is stored in the pendulum
system as demanded by the Law of Conservation of Energy. This energy does NOT
come from the pulse force.
The scientific analysis of the various forces is based on the Parallelogram of Forces
usually taught in the Physics lessons in Secondary or High schools. Force is a vector
quantity – meaning that it has direction. When two or more forces act on an object,
we cannot simply sum them together. We have to apply the Law of Parallelogram of
Forces that can take into account both the magnitude and the direction of these forces.
The Law of Parallelogram of Forces was developed at the time of Isaac Newton even earlier than the Law of Conservation of Energy. The Scientific Community
accepted both Laws for centuries. Thus we, the applicants, did not create new
scientific laws. We just applied the existing and well-established Scientific Laws
known to almost every Secondary or High school student who study Physics.
When we examine the pendulum system, we use the Law of Parallelogram of Forces
first. From this Law, we found that the Pulse Force (F) could “lead out”
gravitational energy by increasing the Tension of the string (T). The Pulse Force (F)
is of short duration and can be applied periodically. The best time to apply or
re-apply such Pulse Forces is at resonance.
The increased Tension (T) occurs during the application of the Pulse Force. This
means that gravitational energy is “lead out” only during the applying of the Pulse
Force. At the other times when there is no Pulse Force (such as the time when the
hand is not pushing a swing), we can simply apply the Law of Conservation of Energy.
The Patent Examiner and many scientists did not use the Law of Parallelogram of
Forces to analyze the motion of the pendulum. They just applied the Law of
Conservation of Energy. Thus they did not realize that there is another energy term
at work – that of the tension of the string doing work against gravity and gaining
energy from gravity for the pendulum system during the application of the Pulse
Force!
We have done experiments that can be repeated in the average Secondary or High
School to demonstrate the application of the Law of Parallelogram of Forces on the
pendulum systems. These are described in Appendix A(FAQ8).
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FAQ5 Clarifying the term - pulse force – as applied to the pendulum system.
Explain what is a pulse force, its characteristics and how it can be generated. Why is
that the understanding of the pulse force will solve the mystery of the perpetual
motion machines?
A pulse force is a force of short duration. It is usually applied tangentially at the
pendulum weight. The most common example is the push of a swing with a child
sitting on it. The push or pulse force is gentle (relatively small), applied when the
child swings to the highest position (short duration and at resonance).
The characteristics of a pulse force on a pendulum system is as follows:
 It is different from a steady force such as weight because it is short in
duration.
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It is usually applied tangentially at the pendulum weight.
It should be repeated periodically (usually at resonance).
It leads out gravitational energy during its application.
During its application, two energy terms need to be considered. One
is the energy from the pulse force itself. The other is the gravitational
energy lead out as a result of the added Tension of the String.
The more general pulse force can be produced via magnetic means. There are many
swinging toys that we can purchase at the toy stores today. The swinging motion of
these toys is produced by batteries or solar cells that drive circuits that have
electromagnetic features. These intelligent circuits allow a “part of the setup” to show
the characteristics of a South Pole, a North Pole or no Magnetic Property. These
circuits can be used to attract or repel a magnet and become the sources of our pulse
force.
Note that in our description and in all our claims, we put in the term “pulse force”.
In a pendulum system without the “pulse force”, we cannot provide the additional
tension to the string to do the extra work against gravity in lifting the pendulum
weight. Without the “pulse force”, the normal explanation of interchange of
potential and kinetic energies is correct. But once we apply the “pulse force”, we
need to add TWO terms – energy from the “pulse force” and the “lead out”
gravitational energy from the tension of the string! Ignoring the “lead out”
gravitational energy from the tension of the string is a misapplication or a violation of
the Law of Conservation of Energy!
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The most common definition of a perpetual motion machine is a machine that does
not need energy to do work (or generate electricity). The energy comes from
nothing. Such a machine violates the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Our machines use energy from gravity. We use the pulse force to lead out the
gravitational energy. Patent Examiners and Patent Offices should correct their
misapplication of the Law of Conservation of Energy in the case of systems with
air/compressible fluid flow and also in “systems with pulse forces”. The “systems
with pulse forces” may be oscillating, vibrating or rotating. In particular, if the
system is magnetic, the magnetic flux changes can be considered as equivalent to
motion.
The whole concept of perpetual motion must be re-examined. We termed our
patents as belonging to the group of Cosmic Energy Machines. Cosmic Energies
include still air, ions in the air, water (floatation), gravitational, magnetic or electric
fields, etc. Many working inventions were misclassified as impossible perpetual
motion machines because the Inventors and the Patent Examiners did not know the
true source of energy!
In Appendix B(FAQ9), we describe a working prototype that extracts energy from a
combination of magnetic and gravitational fields. The prototype was first
demonstrated and documented on video in February 2000. The inventors did not have
our theory at the time of their submission of their patent applications. They could
not explain the source of energy of their inventions. Furthermore, they did not
understand that at resonance conditions, the energy curve could rise to infinity. For
example, bridges collapsed under windy storms. Their prototypes collapsed multiple
times due to the sudden surge of power at resonance conditions.
The prototype electricity generators can generate more than 400 watts. These
prototypes are NOT perpetual motion machines because they use identifiable sources
of energy. They do not violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. See Appendix B
for details.
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FAQ6 What is the mathematical form of restating the Law of Conservation of Energy
in the case of the pendulum when the pulse force is applied.
Our invention does not violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. We use pulse
force to lead out gravitational energy (Egravity). The pulse force uses some energy
(Epulse). The energy entering the pendulum system is the sum of these two
energies:
Ein = Epulse + Egravity
Eout = Ework + Eloss
The Law of Conservation of Energy demands that:
Ein= Eout
Or
Epulse + Egravity = Ework +Eloss
In our invention, we need to supply only Epulse.
Every time we supply Epulse,
we lead out Egravity. Thus the above is the CORRECT application of the Law
of Conservation of Energy.
Scientists and Patent Examiners never considered the lead out gravitational
energy (Egravity) in their application of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
In other words, they used the wrong equation:
Epulse = Ework + Eloss
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