Fall Final Review Topics Covered: Scientific Method Matter Measurement Lab Safety / Equipment Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Periodic Table / Periodic Properties EMS Electron Configuration Electron Configuration Ionic Bonding Naming Compounds (nomenclature) Acids and Bases Scientific Method: Define: Theory: Law: Independent/manipulated Variable: Control Dependant / responding Variable: What are the steps of the scientific method? Matter and Measurement Define Matter: Homogeneous: Compound: Chemical Change: Physical Change: Condensation: Mixture: Heterogeneous: Chemical Property: Physical Property: Distillation: Evaporation: Sublimation: List the states of matter and the characteristics of each state. What is the difference between a substance and a mixture? 1.Which of these are composed of two or more different substances that are chemically combined in a definite ratio? A Compounds B Mixtures C Element D Solutions 2.What is the mass of a 500.00 mL sample of seawater with a density of 1.025 g/mL? 3.This pipette is filled with a 20% NaOH solution. The solution has a density of 1.23 g/mL. According to this information, what is the mass of this NaOH? solution? 4.What is the density of a block of wood with a mass of 350g and a volume of 185cm3? 5. Which of the following will allow measurement of a liquid’s volume with the greatest precision? A 50 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mL increments B 100 mL cylinder graduated in 0.5 mL increments C 100 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mL increments D 200 mL cylinder graduated in 5 mL increments 6.What volume should be reported for the solution in this graduated cylinder? How many significant figures in the measurement? Which one is the estimated digit? Write the measurement in scientific notation. PRECISION AND ACCURACY Accuracy: Precision: 1) For which compound are the measurements accurate but not precise? 2) For which compound are the measurements precise but not accurate? 3) For which compound are the measurements both accurate and precise? 4) For which compound are the measurements neither precise nor accurate 1. Convert each of the following into scientific notation. 172000 __________ 0.000984 2. Convert each into decimal form. ___________200.0 x 102 __________ 1.56 x 104 ______________ 3.6 x 10-2 _______________ 736.9 x 105 _____________ 0.0059 x 105 ____________ 3. Calculate the following. Give the answer in correct scientific notation. a) 2.34 x 1065 b) 313.0 66 + 9.2 x 10 - 1.2 x 103 4. Calculate the following. Give the answer in correct scientific notation. a) 8.95 x 1076/ 1.25 x 1056 b) (4.5 x 1029)(2.45 x 10100) 5. Give the number of significant figures in each of the following. a) 1.05 g ______ b) 0.0003040 mm ______ 6. Round each of the following to 3 significant figures. 77.0653 _________ 6,300,178.2 ______________ 0.00023350 _________ Metric Conversion Practice 4 m = _____mm 49 cm = _____m 16 kg = _____g 97 cm = _____mm 437 mg = _____g 25 l = _____ml Atomic Theory: Describe the contribution/models of the following scientists: Dalton Bohr Rutherford Thomson Atomic Structure: Define: Proton neutron nucleus mass number atomic mass unit isotope Heisenberg electron atom atomic number atomic mass label the following structure: Identify the elements represented below: _____________ _____________ _______________ ____________________ Atomic Weight Periodic Table / Periodic Properties: Define: Period Group Metal Non-metal Metalloid Halogen Noble gas transition metals representative elements Group A Group B The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing ______________ Electrons: What are valence electrons? Why are they important? What is the octet rule? What does it have to do with the noble gases? What happens to the amount of energy in an electron as it moves closer to the nucleus? Period Principle energy levels 1 2 3 4 Energy sublevels orbitals How many electrons can each orbital hold? S = ____max p = ____max d = _____max Ionic Bonding: What are 3 properties of ionic compounds? Define: Ion cation anion polyatomic ion Ternary ionic compound What is an ionic bond? Why do atoms form ions? f = ______max binary ionic compound What types of ions do the following elements form? Cation or Anion Oxidation state (charge) examples Group 1 Group2 Group3 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 Transition varies metals How are ionic compounds named? Describe the rules and give 3 examples of ionic compounds and their names. What is a formula unit? How do you balance charges in an ionic compound? (explain the criss-cross method) What is the overall charge of an ionic compound? Covalent Bonding: What types of atoms are involved in covalent bonds? What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? How are covalent compounds named? What is another name for a covalent compound? Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds: 1)antimony tribromide ________________2)hexaboron silicide _________________ 3)chlorine dioxide ________________ 4)hydrogen iodide ________________ 5)iodine pentafluoride ______________ 6)dinitrogen trioxide _______________ 7)ammonia ________________ 8)phosphorus triodide _____________ Write the names for the following covalent compounds: 9)P4S5 _____________________ 10)O2 ______________________ 11)SeF6 ____________________ 12)Si2Br6 ___________________ 13)SCl4 ____________________ 14)CH4 _____________________ 15)B2Si ____________________ 16)NF3 ____________________ Naming Compounds (nomenclature): How do you determine weather a compound is an ionic compound, covalent compound or a polyatomic compound? What rules do you use to name all three? Name the following chemical compounds: (identify them as covalent, ionic , or polyatomic) 1) NaBr ______________________________________________ 2) Ca(C2H3O2)2 ______________________________________________ 3) P2O5 ______________________________________________ 4) Ti(SO4)2 ______________________________________________ 5) FePO4 ______________________________________________ 6) K3N ______________________________________________ 7) SO2 ______________________________________________ 8) CuOH ______________________________________________ 9) Zn(NO2)2 ______________________________________________ 10) V2S3 ______________________________________________ Write the formulas for the following chemical compounds: (identify them as covalent, ionic , or polyatomic) 11) silicon dioxide ______________________________________________ 12) nickel (III) sulfide _____________________________________________ 13) manganese (II) phosphate _____________________________________ 14) silver acetate ______________________________________________ 15) diboron tetrabromide __________________________________________ 16) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate ________________________________ 17) potassium carbonate _______________ 18) ammonium oxide ________________ 19) tin (IV) selenide ________________ 20) carbon tetrachloride _______________