Supplementary Appendix 1. List of included studies.
(S1)
Agarwal D, Serrano LA, Bellolio M, Jain A, Sandefur BJ, Stead LG, et al. Electrocardiographic
intervals and one-year cardiovascular outcomes in syncope. Annals of Emergency Medicine
2009;54(3 SUPPL. 1):S118.
(S2)
Birnbaum A, Esses D, Bijur P, Wollowitz A, Gallagher EJ. Failure to validate the San Francisco
Syncope Rule in an independent emergency department population. Ann Emerg Med 2008
Aug;52(2):151-9.
(S3)
Colivicchi F, Ammirati F, Melina D, Guido V, Imperoli G, Santini M. Development and
prospective validation of a risk stratification system for patients with syncope in the emergency
department: the OESIL risk score. Eur Heart J 2003 May;24(9):811-9.
(S4)
Cosgriff TM, Kelly AM, Kerr D. External validation of the San Francisco Syncope Rule in the
Australian context. CJEM 2007 May;9(3):157-61.
(S5)
Costantino G, Perego F, Dipaola F, Borella M, Galli A, Cantoni G, et al. Short- and long-term
prognosis of syncope, risk factors, and role of hospital admission: results from the STePS (ShortTerm Prognosis of Syncope) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 Jan 22;51(3):276-83.
(S6)
Crane SD. Risk stratification of patients with syncope in an accident and emergency department.
Emerg Med J 2002 Jan;19(1):23-7.
(S7)
Day SC, Cook EF, Funkenstein H, Goldman L. Evaluation and outcome of emergency room
patients with transient loss of consciousness. Am J Med 1982 Jul;73(1):15-23.
(S8)
Eagle KA, Black HR, Cook EF, Goldman L. Evaluation of prognostic classifications for patients
with syncope. Am J Med 1985 Oct;79(4):455-60.
(S9)
Grossman SA, Fischer C, Lipsitz LA, Mottley L, Sands K, Thompson S, et al. Predicting adverse
outcomes in syncope. J Emerg Med 2007 Oct;33(3):233-9.
(S10)
Han H, Santos M. Long-term outcomes of patients presenting with syncope to a major victorian
emergency department. Heart Lung and Circulation 2010;19 SUPPL. 2:S221.
(S11)
Kayayurt K, Akoglu H, Limon O, Ergene AO, Yavasi O, Bayata S, et al. Comparison of existing
syncope rules and newly proposed anatolian syncope rule to predict shortterm serious outcomes
after syncope in the Turkish population. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2012;5(1
Article Number).
(S12)
Long BJ, Serrano LA, Chandra S, Bellollio M, Agarwal D, Decker WW, et al. Does mode of
transportation to the emergency department predict subsequent cardiopulmonary adverse events in
patients with syncope? Annals of Emergency Medicine 2011;58(4 SUPPL. 1):S260.
(S13)
Martin GJ, Adams SL, Martin HG, Mathews J, Zull D, Scanlon PJ. Prospective evaluation of
syncope. Ann Emerg Med 1984 Jul;13(7):499-504.
(S14)
Martin TP, Hanusa BH, Kapoor WN. Risk stratification of patients with syncope. Ann Emerg Med
1997 Apr;29(4):459-66.
(S15)
Quinn J, McDermott D, Kramer N, Yeh C, Kohn MA, Stiell I, et al. Death after emergency
department visits for syncope: how common and can it be predicted? Ann Emerg Med 2008
May;51(5):585-90.
(S16)
Racco F, Sconocchini C, Reginelli R, Brizzi G, Alesi C, Rosati S, et al. [Syncope in a general
population: etiologic diagnosis and follow-up. Results of a prospective study]. Minerva Med 1993
May;84(5):249-61.
(S17)
Reed MJ, Newby DE, Coull AJ, Jacques KG, Prescott RJ, Gray AJ. Role of brain natriuretic
peptide (BNP) in risk stratification of adult syncope. Emerg Med J 2007 Nov;24(11):769-73.
(S18)
Reed MJ, Newby DE, Coull AJ, Prescott RJ, Jacques KG, Gray AJ. The ROSE (risk stratification
of syncope in the emergency department) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 Feb 23;55(8):713-21.
(S19)
Reed MJ, Henderson SS, Newby DE, Gray AJ. One-year prognosis after syncope and the failure of
the ROSE decision instrument to predict one-year adverse events. Ann Emerg Med 2011
Sep;58(3):250-6.
(S20)
Rodriguez-Entem F, Gonzalez-Enriquez S, Olalla-Antolin JJ, Cobo-Belaustegui M, ExpositoGarcia V, Llano-Cardenal M, et al. [Management of syncope in the emergency department without
hospital admission: usefulness of an arrhythmia unit coordinated protocol]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2008
Jan;61(1):22-8.
(S21)
Romero-Rodriguez N, Baron-Esquivias G, Gomez-Moreno S, Arjona BJ, Pedrote A, Martinez MA.
Evaluation of high risk syncope referred from emergency department. Revista Clinica Espanola
2010 Feb;210(2):70-4.
(S22)
Sarasin FP, Louis-Simonet M, Carballo D, Slama S, Rajeswaran A, Metzger JT, et al. Prospective
evaluation of patients with syncope: a population-based study. Am J Med 2001 Aug 15;111(3):17784.
(S23)
Tan C, Sim TB, Thng SY. Validation of the San Francisco syncope rule in two local hospitals
emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2012 Jun;19(6):743.
(S24)
Ungar A, Del RA, Giada F, Bartoletti A, Furlan R, Quartieri F, et al. Early and late outcome of
treated patients referred for syncope to emergency department: The EGSYS 2 follow-up study.
European Heart Journal 2010 Aug;31(16):2021-6.
(S25)
Wagner P, Bucher HC, Bucheli B, Battegay E, Martina B. Predictors of hospitalization in
emergency department patients with syncope. Eur J Intern Med 2000;11(1):39-44.