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keith@dgsa-cpc.com
www.dgsa-cpc.com
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Training Document for all classes in Dangerous
Goods.
Health and Safety.
The “European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Road”, in French, the Accord Dangerous Routier,
and from this point on Known as ADR, was brought into force by the
United Nations on 29th January 1968. This Document has 2 annexes,
Annex A which defined the goods and their requirements for Carriage,
and Annex B which laid down the specifications and conditions of the
vehicles performing the carriage. The regulations are split into 9 parts
or Chapters, and margined for reference.
On the 26-30th October 1992, the ADR regulations were reformatted to
a more user friendly format. The Books are in 2 Volumes of approx
1200 pages. These Books have corrigenda issued to them regularly,
and are reprinted / updated every 2 Years. For instance after the 9 11
terror attacks on the Twin Towers in New York, the 2005 ADR
regulations included Chapter 1.10 Dangerous Goods Security
Regulations which presently VOSA are enforcing.
The Current Regulations are ADR 2011, and are next to be updated in
2013.
In England, The carriage of Dangerous Goods was regulated by “ The
Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Transportable Pressure Equipment
Regulations” which as time grew on referred more and more to ADR
regulations. The 1st of July saw the 2009 edition of the CDG , which
refer mostly to ADR, but indeed has it’s own variations to the
International Regulations.
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For instance in UK Regulations:-
Dangerous Goods packages are allowed to be opened by a driver,
but not in the international regulations.
There are separate weight limits for Carriage of Explosives.
Supermarket Supply Vehicles have exemptions for Dangerous
Goods in Retail Packaging and for Personal Use.
Tankers have to be marked with Emergency Action Codes, and not
European Kemler Codes.
Nuclear Materials come under the NISR 2003 Regulations and have
separate requirements
Incidentally, in the case of any prosecutions under the regulations, it
is the UK Regulations that will be enforced and referred to, or
whichever country on happens to be prosecuted, not ADR. If a
Transport does not meet ADR regulations, local country regulations
apply.
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Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser.
In the Year 2000, ADR saw the introduction of the Dangerous Goods
Safety Adviser.
The reasoning behind this was with the growing complexity and
variations of the regulations, and the apparent misunderstanding of
some parts of ADR up to that point, the Position of “Dangerous Goods
Safety Adviser” was appointed to advise and Audit all companies on
the ADR Regulations.
Chapter 1.8.3.1 of ADR, defines the act.
“ Each Undertaking, the activities of which include the carriage, or the
related packing, loading, filling or unloading, of dangerous goods by
road, shall appoint one or more safety advisers for the carriage of
Dangerous Goods, responsible for helping to prevent the risks inherent
in such activities, with regard to persons, property and the
environment.”
Duties of the DGSA
The duties of the DGSA are many fold.
These include primarily:To Advise Companies and persons of the Regulations in ADR as it
applies to their specific Operation.
To classify and identify the goods that come under the jurisdiction of
ADR.
To effect the function specific training required.
To ensure that all persons are knowledgeable in their own
function specific area of work with Dangerous Goods and
certificate these persons.
The DGSA will retain records of training.
To advise on emergency measures in place for those parts of the
operation that require it, notable spill and accident procedures,
and the Personal Protective Equipment required of personnel in
that field.
To advise on the documentation that must accompany dangerous
goods in transport, and to the notification of the status of these
goods to those who handle or transport it.
To advise on the labelling requirements of the dangerous goods.
To prepare an annual report to the company on the compliance
of the Company and suggest improvements if need be. This
document is kept for 5 Years and available to the Competent
Authorities.
To investigate and write a report on any accident or incident
that involves injury or spillage with dangerous goods over a
certain level to the company.
To verify that all associated parties and subcontractors involved
in the dangerous goods are legally capable of doing so.
To Audit the company at the initial stages of the appointment,
and at the end of the year re Audit the company and write a
report to the directors of the company. This letter is to be kept on
file for 5 Years and available to the HSE if they see fit.
To report to the competent authorities any accident or incident
that falls within the requirements of Chapter 1.8.5.3,
requirements of which are similar to the RIDDOR requirements.
This is not an inclusive list but serves as an indication of the
duties of a DGSA
The DGSA will have passed an examination, from which he/she
will receive a Certificate for 5 Years. After that Time the DGSA
will have to re sit the Examination to renew their certificate.
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UN Numbers
All Dangerous Goods are given UN Numbers, which will always be in
4 numbers, ranging from 0004 Ammonium Picrate to UN 3473, Fuel
Cell Cartridges.
They are in no particular order of Hazard, and may define a specific
Product, such as UN 1114 Benzene, to Un 1133, which has seven
entries for different Hazard levels of Adhesives, or UN 1057, Lighters
or lighter refills.
Each UN Number will define a Particular Chemical or Article, but will
always be followed by a Proper Shipping Name, which must always be
in CAPITAL Letters, such as UN 1065, NEON, COMPRESSED.
The UN Number might define a certain type product, such as
Adhesives (UN 1133) or Perfumery Products (UN 1266)
Where the UN Number Defines a Range of Products, such as UN
1061, DISINFECTANT, SOLID, TOXIC, N.O.S , The N.O.S defines Not
Otherwise Specified, and the product must then be specified by its
chemical form or constituent in lower case on the transport
document.
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Classes of Dangerous Goods
There are 9 classes of dangerous goods, some classes of which are
sub divided.
Class1
Explosives
Class 2
Gases
Class 3
Flammable Liquids
Class 4
Class 5.1
FlammableSolids
Oxidisers
Class 5.2
Organic Peroxides
Class 6.1
Toxics
Class 6.2
Infectious Materials
Class 7
Radioactives
Class 8
Corrosives
Class 9
Miscellaneous
Environmentally Hazardous
Elevated Temperature
HIN Numbers or Kemler Codes.
Hazard identification Numbers.
In Europe these are used to define the Hazardous Nature of the
Product in Number form.
For instance
30would be a flammable liquid (Class 3 No other Hazard)
58 an oxidising corrosive (Class 5 and 8 lesser Hazard)
83 a Corrosive substance, also flammable ( Class 8 and lesser 3)
33 a Highly Flammable Liquid. (Class 3 doubled)
90 an Environmentally Hazard Substance.
an X before the number defines it reacts dangerously with Water.
But 9 at the end is not Miscellaneous, but defines the risk of a violent
explosion.
So X 839 would be a corrosive substance, flammable, which can
violently explode and reacts to water.
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Packing Groups / Transport Categories
Levels of danger of the Dangerous Goods are defined as Packing
Groups, and will be Classified as Packing Group I, Packing Group II,
and Packing Group III.
Roman Numerals are used so not to confuse with the Class Numbers
1 to 9 of the identity of the dangers of the Goods.
Packing Group I
Packing Group II
is the most dangerous level of the dangerous
goods in Question,
Represents medium Danger
Packing Group III
defines Danger at the lower end of the scale.
but
Gases of Class 2
do not have Packing Groups and are identified
by their Classification Code.
Class 5.2
Organic Peroxides are classified by Seven
Types,
Types A , not accepted for carriage, through
to Type G, which is exempt from the carriage
regulations.
Class 6.2
Infectious materials are classified by World
Health Organisation Criteria
Class 7
Radioactive Materials have White, then Yellow
I, Yellow II, then Yellow III categories, but it is
Yellow III here that is the higher danger, the
categories are reversed. The Information to
look for is the Transport Index ( 1 to 10) which
denotes also the radioactivity.
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Levels of Carriage
There are now 4 different Levels of the Carriage of Dangerous Goods.
The First Level is Called Limited Quantities,
What this is defining is that if the Goods are packed in Small enough
Measures, then the risks relating to that carriage are reduced, because
if one small package, say 2.5 Litres, leaks the risk is nowhere near as
great as a leak of 50 Litre Drum.
The Second Level is called “Exemptions per Transport Unit”
What this is defining is if you have larger packagings above the size of
Limited Quantities, but you only have small amounts, say up to 333Kg of
Packing Group II or 1000Kg of Packing Group III, then again the risk is
reduced because the amount you are carrying on the vehicle is quite
low.
The Third Level is called “Exempted Quantities”
This level of carriage is from Air Cargo Regulations, and again is based
on quantity carried, and more importantly the standard of the
packaging.
The Fourth level is the Carriage of Dangerous Goods where all the
Requirements of the ADR Regulations Apply.
There is a Fifth Level, where if the load consists of Infectious
Substances of Class 1, or 3 Tonne in bulk of other certain Dangerous
Goods then certain additional Security Measures regarding the load
must be put in Place.
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“ Limited Quantities”
The First level of the Transport of Dangerous per vehicle is what is
known as “Limited Quantities”, or sometimes LQ.
The idea here is that dangerous goods are packed in small
enough Quantities, i.e. in small receptacles, then the (spillage) danger
is reduced.
Nearly all dangerous Goods have defined a LIMITED QUANTITY
allowance, defined per UN Number, but in General 1 Litre or under for
Pg I goods, 3 Litre Containers for PG II and 5 Litres for Pg III.
Some goods have no limited Quantity Allowance, UN 1057, Lighters
and Lighter Refills, or UN 0336 Fireworks.
So long as the goods are carried in quantities under the defined LQ
receptacle size,and have an outer packaging to them, and packed in
no more than 30 Kg per outer Packaging or 20kg on a shrink wrapped
tray, then the vehicle by road is exempt of ADR Regulation
requirements.
There is no limit to the amount of Packages one can carry, so in
effect if the receptacle size is under LQ amounts, then a full load of the
material can be carries without application of ADR Regulations.
By SEA under IMDG Regulations, there are “Limited Quantity”
allowances, but may differ from the road Regulations. For Dangerous
Goods at Sea, IMDG Regulations apply and all Dangerous Goods
require a Dangerous Goods note . The DGN must be marked “ Limited
Quantities” if it applies.
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Under the ADR 2011 Regulations, Packages of Dangerous packed in
Limited Quantities must be marked as below:-
The Y indicating Airfreight.
New also to 2011, is the Marking of the Vehicle.
Vehicles over 12,000KG Gross Mass, carrying more than 8000Kg of
Limited Quantity Goods must now show the Limited Quantity Markings
Or exhibit the Orange Plate (400 x 300) front and rear.
Consignors must inform the carrier of Limited Quantity Goods to be
consigned in a Traceable Form.
Liquids in Receptacles with removable lids must be marked
“Exemptions related to Quantities carried per Transport
Unit.” Chapter 1.1.3.6.
The Second Level of Dangerous Goods is Chapter 1.1.3.6.
In this level, the maximum amount carried on the vehicle is taken into
consideration. Defined in the Transport Categories of 0 to 5, Goods of
certain Classes can be carried with only partial application of the
regulations.
The Amounts per Transport Unit are listed as Follows
Transport Category 0
Transport Category 1
Transport category 1A
Transport Category 2
Transport Category 2A
Transport Category 3
Transport Category 4
No Exemption.
20 Kg
50Kg
Explosives UK Limit
333 Kg
500 Kg
Explosives UK Limit
1000Kg
unlimited
Transport under 1.1.3.6 have the following exemptions to the
regulations;Vehicle need not have orange Plates displayed.
No requirement to have Tremcard.
Driver does not need ADR Vocational licence, but will need awareness
training
Transport Document to State
“Load not exceeding the exemption limits prescribed in 1.1.3.6”
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High Consequence Dangerous Goods.
Chapter 1.10 of ADR
After 9/11 and incidents as Glasgow Airport some dangerous goods
especially in bulk over 3000 Kg, and Toxics must travel under certain
security measures. This includes Fertilisers, Explosives, and most
packing Group 1 Products.
Companies transporting these goods must have a Transport Security
Plan in place to preserve the integrity of the load from theft or terrorist
interference. Persons responsible for Load Security have to be defined
within the company, and Risk Assessments done.
The Driver to have photographic Identity, and positive identified by
their employers, and all staff must have Security Awareness training.
VOSA will visit all companies, to assure security measures are in
place, to Prevent terrorist Attack, and Counter Terrorist Security
Advisers have been deployed to assist in measures to be taken.
Vehicle and Load Security devices and Measures to be in place and
used. A separate Training Programme is available for Drivers and
Operators.
A Download is Available from the DfT with all the recommendations.
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Packaging Requirements.
Dangerous Goods in consignments above Limited Quantity Limits must
be packed in UN Approved Packages and must be marked with the UN
Logo,
And the Information of the Package, which will define what the
package is designed to contain and the Certification Number of the
Package. And with a Certification Number in the same format as
4G/Y145/S/02/NL/VL823
OverPacks
Goods packed Goods on Pallets covered by Shrink wrapping that is
opaque, where by one cannot see the Danger Labels of the Dangerous
Goods within are Called Overpacks. They must be marked up with the
following
The Label “Overpack”
The Danger Label of the Goods , 100mm x 100mm
The UN Number /s
The Proper Shipping Name.
The Upright Arrows if a Liquid load with openings,
The Consignee
The Consignor.
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Class One,
Explosives
6 Divisions 0f Explosives
Division 1.1
Substances or Articles which have a mass explosion hazard, which
affects almost the entire load virtually instantaneously.
Division 1.2
Substances or Articles which have a mass projection hazard but not a
mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.3
Substances or Articles which have a fire hazard, and either a minor
blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both. But not a mass
explosion hazard.
Division 1.4
Substances or articles which present only a slight risk of explosion in
the event of ignition or initiation during carriage. The effects are largely
confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable
size or range is to be expected.
Division 1.5
Very insensitive substances having a mass explosion hazard which are
so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of
transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of
carriage.
Division 1.6
Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion
hazard. The articles contain only extremely insensitive detonating
substances and demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental
initiation.
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Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.5 come under High Consequence
Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Definitiation of Compatibility Groups
A
Primary explosive substance.
B
Article containing a primary explosive substance and not having
2 or more effective protective features. Some articles such as
detonators for blasting are included.
C
Propellant explosive substances or other deflagrating explosive
substance or article containing such explosive substance.
D
Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder in
each case without means of initiation and without a propelling
charge.
E
Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance
without means of initiation, with a propelling Charge.
F
Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance
with its own means of initiation, with a propelling charge or
without a propelling charge.
G
Pyrotechnic Substance, or article containing a pyrotechnic
substance , or article containing both an explosive substance
and an illuminating, incendiary, tear or smoke producing
substance.
H
Article containing both an explosive substance and white
phosphorus
J
Article containing both an explosive substance and a flammable
liquid or gel.
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K
Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic
chemical agent.
L
Explosive substance or article presenting a special risk, *(water
activation etc) necessitating isolation of each type.
N
Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating
substances.
S
Substance or Article so packed or designed that any hazardous
effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within
the package unless the package has been degraded by fire, in
which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent
that they do not significantly hinder or prevent fire fighting or
other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the
package.
Fireworks have 5 UN Numbers according to their division and
compatibility. They are defined as Pyrotechnic articles designed for
entertainment.
UN0333,
UN 0334
UN 0335
UN 0336
UN 0337
Division 1.1G
Division 1.2G
Division 1.3G
Division 1.4G
Division 1.4S
Goods of Class 1.4 S fall under transport category 4, as unlimited
amount per Transport Unit, so can be carried without a full Class 1
Vocational Licence, but awareness training must be had and
certificated in Class 1 Goods.
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Goods of Class 1.4B to 1.4G, and 1.6N can be carried up to 333Kg
under ADR Regulations and 500Kg under CDG Regulations without a
full Class 1 ADR Licence
Goods of Divisions 1.1B to 1.1J, 1.2B to 1.2J, 1.3C,G,H,J, and 1.5D
Maximum allowed per Transport unit 20Kg in ADR before Class 1ADR
Vocational Licence Requirement.
All the above subject to what other Dangerous Goods are on Board the
vehicle.
Airbag Inflators, Shotgun Cartridges, Smoke signals, Bombs and
Torpedos are all listed as Explosives.
Placards appropriate to the class of explosive must be displayed on the
sides and rear of the vehicle carrying dangerous Goods.
In the UK alone, the allowance that can be carried under 1.1.3.6 is
increased for some Exposives.
Class 1A
Class 1 : 1.1B to 1.1J / 1.2B to 1.2J / 1.3C/ 1.3G,H ,J. / 1.5D
Class 2A
Class 1: 1.4B to 1.4G, and 1.6 N
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Class Two,
Gases, of which 3 Divisions
2.1
2.2
2.3
Flammable Gases
Non Flammable/ Non Toxic Gases
Toxic gases
Gas in transport, because of practicalities of the volume of the Gas in
Question, so the volume of the Gas must be reduced, and this is
achieved by various methods.
Three Methods of Transporting Gas
1.
Compressed Gas,
Gas stored under pressure to reduce volume
2.
Liquefied Gas,
Gas stored under enough pressure to cause it to turn back to a liquid,
thus reducing its volume hundreds of times. Example LPG, Butane,
Camping Gaz.
3.
Refrigerated Gas,
Gas cooling the gas to extremely low temperatures with little pressure
involved. Otherwise known as Cryogenic Gas. This needs to be heavily
Insulated, Example Liquid Nitrogen.
4.
Dissolved Gas.
Sensitive Gas stored dissolved into a liquid, example, Acetylene.
Same principle of Fizziness in Coke.
Differing Hazards of Gases.
Asphyxiant Gases
Gases which when leaking in an enclosed environment, i.e. Nitrogen,
which cause suffocation by replacing the Oxygen we breath in the air.
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Toxic Gases
Gases which Poison the body, e.g. an extreme example of this would
be Chlorine, which is usually fatal at 10 parts per million.
Flammable Gases
Gases which burn easily or help things burn, e.g. Hydrogen.
Flammable Gases mixing with air at the right ratio can be explosive.
See Explosive limits below.
Oxidising Gases
Gases which add Oxygen to an atmosphere which helps materials
corrode (rust) , helps Materials burn which would not ordinarily burn
(aluminium), and helps Flammable material burn hotter.
Classification Codes, not Packing Groups to identify Hazard of the
Gas.
The way the gas is Reduced for Transport has a simple coding system,
which must be used on the Transport Document.
1,
2
3.
4.
Compressed Gases
Liquefied Gases.
Refrigerated Gases
Dissolved Gases
There are three other sub divisions of Gas Codes, as follows
5.
Aerosols and small receptacles containing Gas, such as the
cartridges one has for camping Gas stoves.
6.
Other articles containing Gas under pressure
7.
Non Pressurised Gas, usually samples.
As the nature of the Hazards of gases are many and varying, a system
of Classification Codes for the Hazard has been arrived so as the
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nature of the danger of the Gas can be understood readily. This follows
the Numbering System of the way the gas is reduced for transport.
These are as Follows;A
O
F
T
Asphyxiant
Oxidising
Flammable
Toxics
By the varying nature of gases, you can have a gas being one or more
of the above so you can have a combination of letters to define the gas:TF
TC
TFC
Toxic and Flammable
Toxic and Corrosive
Toxic Flammable and Corrosive
These two codings go together so at a glance one can see the nature
and danger of the Gas, as follows;5F
2 TC
1 TOC
Flammable Aerosol.
Liquefied Gas (Toxic and Corrosive)
Fluorine Compressed (Toxic Oxidising and Corrosive)
Aerosols UN 1950, are generally 5F, and are of Limited Quantity status,
except if Toxic or over 1 Litre Capacity per Aerosol.
Most Gases heavier than air
Pressures of Compressed Gas, Explosive forces, if containment is
weakened.
Projectile Forces if valve is damaged on compressed gas cylinders.
The release of gas pressure of up to 3000psi from a broken valve
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would cause the cylinder to take off rocket like and due to the weight of
the cylinder be very destructive in it’s wake.
Cylinders must not be dropped. If the integrity of a gas cylinder is
weakened, the Cylinder is liable to explode, with shrapnel of the
cylinder causing much damage and injury. The resulting pressure
wave would be very injurious to ears, and ear defenders should be
worn as protection against gas release.
Cylinders to be stored upright.
Leaking Gas less dangerous than Leaking Liquid Gas as the leaking
liquid evaporating will fill a greater volume of air with product..
Freeze Burns.
Escaping Gas have a cooling effect on surroundings, reaching
temperatures of minus 200 degree C.
It can freeze the lungs and cause Hypothermia.
Transport of Gases should be in Open Vehicles, to reduce the risk of a
build up of gas in an enclosed space, which would affect the driver or
person exposed to that environment.
With some gases, it is necessary to label the closed vehicle as
requiring ventilation before entering the vehicle.
Toxic gases should never be carried in the same space as the driver.
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Class Three
Flammable Liquids
55% of all Hazardous Goods are Flammable Liquids, the most common
of Dangerous Goods carried.
Flammable Liquids may also have toxic or corrosive qualities or all of
these.
This class also covers Liquid desensitised explosives.
It is not the liquid itself but the vapour (it’s gas form) that burns. A small
amount of liquid may produce two, three of four hundred times its
volume in vapour.
A small amount of liquid may give rise to a large fire.
Many flammables produce dangerous fumes when they burn
All flammable vapour is heavier than air and will collect at the lowest
point.
Enough vapour will replace the oxygen in the air, and in confined
spaces can cause narcosis or complete suffocation, or can have long
term injurious effects.
Vapours or fumes will cause damage to eyes, and skin contact can
cause rashes, eczema or dermatitis.
Flashpoint.
The Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid
produces enough vapour to ignite.
The lower the Flashpoint, the higher the packing group.
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Examples of Flashpoints would be as follows;Petrol
Acetone
Methanol
Heating Oils
Diesel
minus 40 degrees C
minus 20 degree C
12 degree C
40 – 50 degree C
60-65 degree C
Volatility.
A Volatile liquid evaporates easily on exposure to the atmosphere. The
greater the volatility , the more of the liquid exaporates to the air, the
greater the explosive probability.
Flammable atmosphere.
A flammable atmosphere is the optimum vapour to air mixture that is
ignitable. Different substances have different vapour to air mixtures
and these are expressed as Upper and Lower explosive limits.
Examples of these are below;Diesel
Petrol
Acetone
Methanol
LEL %
1
1
3
7
UEL%
5
6
13
37
An example of this would be like using a choke on a car, using the
choke to increase the petrol mixture raises the UEL and the engine will
not work properly.
This may be known as the Stryometric Ratio.
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Ignition Temperatures
This is the temperature necessary to ignite a flammable vapour, and
this will vary substance to substance.
Acetone
Methanol
Petrol
Diesel
540 degree c
465 degree c
300 degree c
250 degree c
Capillary Action.
The greater the surface area of the flammable liquid, the greater the
quantity of vapour given off, the greater the risk of fire. And the need to
contain the spillage when it occurs.
Flammable liquids soaked on fabric or clothing increases greatly its
surface area as the liquid is exposed around each thread of the
material.
Diesel may not burn with a match to the liquid, but will to a cloth
soaked in the liquid.
Miscibility.
The ability of a liquid to mix with other chemicals. An example of
immiscibility (the opposite) would be oil and water.
Vapours Danger, mixing with air. Illustration
Vapour Recovery regulations, and Petrol regulations.
To reduce the risk of fire due to venting petrol vapours from
underground Petrol Tanks at Petrol Stations and to reduce the danger
of the gaseous atmosphere in a Petrol Tanker within explosive limits,
the vapour/air mixture is not vented but fed back into the tanker to
replace the space taken by the petrol filling the underground tank.
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BLEVE,
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion.
This when in the event of a fire, the liquid or liquefied gas inside a
vessel or container, leaks through a rupture in its containment because
of the pressure build-up in the container through the heating of the
liquid.
The sudden drop of pressure inside the container causes violent
boiling of the liquid, which liberates large amounts of vapour, which
consequently explodes.
Examples of Flammable liquids are;Benzines, Adhesives, Perfumes, Paints, Food flavourings, Printing
Inks,and of course Petrol and diesel.
Examples
Pub Blowing up
Cutting Drum Open
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Class Four,
4.1
Flammable Solids, of which is subdivided;Flammable Solids,
Readily Combustible Solids
Self Reactive Substances
Solid Desensitized Explosives
Substances divided into 7 Classification Codes, further division of
which relates to whether the goods are organic, inorganic or molten.
F
FO
FT
FC
Flammable Solids without Subsidiary risk.
Flammable Solids, Oxidising.
Flammable Solids, Toxic.
Flammable Solids, Corrosive.
D
DT
Solid desensitized explosives without subsidiary risk.
Solid Desensitized explosives, toxic.
SR
Self Reactive substances;SR1
SR2
Not requiring temperature Control.
Requiring Temperature Control
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
Defined as readily combustible solids which may cause fire through
friction.
Readily Combustible solids are powdered, granular or pasty
substances which are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief
contact with an ignition source and if the flame spreads rapidly.
The danger may come not only from the fire, but also from toxic
combustion products.
Goods of this class are of Packing Group II and III,
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SELF REACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Classified into 7 types according to danger, from A (not accepted for
carriage) to G (not subject to Provisions).
Defined as thermally unstable substances liable to undergo a strongly
exothermic decomposition even without participation of Oxygen (air).
Exothermic means giving out heat.
The decomposition of self reactive substances can be initiated by heat,
(storage near a radiator etc), contact with catalytic impurities (acids,
alkalis or substance reactive to the product etc,) friction or impact. The
rate of decomposition increases with temperature. Decomposition,
particularly if no ignition occurs, may result in the evolution of toxic
gasses or vapours.
Some self reactive substances may decompose explosively,
particularly if confined.
Goods may be diluted or submerged, and the level of dilutement is
referred to as a percentage for the desensitising of the product.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Certain Self reactive substances may only travel under Temperature
Controlled Conditions.
The Control Temperature is the maximum temperature at which the self
reactive substance can be safely carried. In the event of a loss of
temperature control, it may be necessary to implement emergency
procedures
The Emergency Temperature is the temperature is the temperature at
which such procedures shall be implemented.
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SADT.
The Control Temperature and the Emergency Temperature are defined
from the Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature, or SADT for
short.
FIRE
Goods of Class 4 whose normal form is solid that ignite can lead to
intense fires which are difficult to extinguish.
Goods of class 4.1 are thermally unstable and can breakdown if they
get too warm, The breakdown releases heat which causes the
temperature to rise further leading to a point of self ignition.
Desensitised Explosives of this class if they are initiated, burn fiercely
rather than exploding.
The fumes given off by fires of goods of this class may also be toxic and
or corrosive.
Aluminium Powder, Nitrocellulose Films, Matches, Firelighters and
Nitroglycerine come under Class 4.1.
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4.2
Spontaneously Combustible Substances.
This class covers;Pyrophoric Substances,
Substances, including mixtures and solutions, liquid or solid,
which even in Small quantities ignite on contact with air within 5
minutes. These are the Substances most liable to Spontaneous
Combustion.
Self Heating Substances and Articles.
Substances, including mixtures and solutions, which on contact
with air, without energy supply are liable to self heating. These
substances will only ignite in large amounts and after periods of time
measured in hours or days.
Self heating of these substances leading to spontaneous combustion is
caused by reaction of the substance with Oxygen (in the air) and the
heat developed not being conducted away rapidly enough to the
surroundings. Spontaneous Combustion 0ccurs when the rate of heat
production exceeds the rate of heat loss and the auto ignition
temperature is reached.
Class 4.2 Goods are subdivided as follows;S
Spontaneously Combustible without subsidiary risk
SW Spontaneously Combustible which in contact with water, emit
flammable gases
SO
Spontaneously Combustible, oxidising.
ST
Spontaneously Combustible toxic
SC
Spontaneously Combustible, corrosive
Carbon, Cotton Waste, Fish Meal, Carbon Paper, and Scrap Celluloid
come under Class 4.2
Packages must be air tight
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4.3
Dangerous When Wet
Substances which react with water to emit flammable gases, liable to
form explosive mixtures with air, and articles containing such
substances.
Such substances are easily ignited by all ordinary sources of Ignition,
for example naked lights, sparking hand tools, or unprotected light
bulbs. The resulting blast wave and flames may endanger people and
the environment.
Aluminium Powder, Calcium, Lithium, Sodium, Zinc Powder come
under class 4.3
Blue Labels Packaging to be Water tight and Air Tight
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Class 5.1 Oxidising Substances
Substances which while in themselves not necessarily combustible,
may generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to the
combustion of other material, and articles containing such substances.
The class is sub divided to Classifications as follows.
O
OF
OS
Oxidising Substances without subsidiary risk
Oxidising Substances, solid, flammable.
Oxidising Substances, solid. Self heating
OW
Oxidising Substances, which in contact with water emits
flammable gases
OT
Oxidising Substances, toxic
OC Oxidising Substances, Corrosive
OTC Oxidising Substances, toxic and corrosive.
Oxidising agents are not combustible in themselves but by liberating
Oxygen, may contribute to or even cause combustion in other
materials.
Such fires will be intense and will burn in spaces where there is little
or no air supply, and may be explosive.
An example of the effect of oxidising will be rust on cars.
Examples of Class 5.1, are;Silver Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate fertilisers, Hydrogen Peroxide,
Generated Oxygen.
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5.2 Organic Peroxides
Covers
Synthetic Materials that contain Oxygen and Carbon, so have both the
constituents for fuel for a fire. This fire will be difficult to put out as
covering the fire will not stop it as it has it’s own fuel and oxygen.
Covers Organic Peroxides and formulations of Organic Peroxides, and
is subdivided into
P1,
P2
Organic Peroxides not requiring Temperature control.
Organic Peroxides requiring Temperature control.
Sub classified into 7 ranges, from A, not accepted for carriage, to G
which is not subject to provisions.
Organic Peroxides are liable to exothermic decomposition at normal or
elevated temperatures, The Decomposition can be initiated by heat,
contact with impurities, (acids, heavy metal compounds, amines),
friction or impact.
The rate of decomposition increases with temperature and varies with
the Organic Peroxide formulation. Decomposition may result in the
evolution of harmful, flammable gases or vapours.
For certain Organic peroxides, the temperature shall be controlled
during Carriage.
Some Organic Peroxides may decompose explosively, particularly if
confined. Many Organic Peroxides burn vigorously.
Contact of Organic Peroxides with the eyes is to be avoided, and
some will cause injury to the cornea, even after brief contact, or will be
corrosive to the skin.
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TEMPURATURE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Certain Organic Peroxides substances may only travel under
Temperature Controlled Conditions.
The Control Temperature is the maximum temperature at which the self
reactive substance can be safely carried. In the event of a loss of
temperature control, it may be necessary to implement emergency
procedures
The Emergency Temperature is the temperature is the temperature at
which such procedures shall be implemented.
SADT.
The Control Temperature and the Emergency Temperature are defined
from the Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature, or SADT for
short.
The SADT Temperatures are listed for all class 5.2 products, and range
from +40 degrees Control to +45 degrees Emergency, and down to
minus 25 degrees control to minus 15 emergency temperature.
Unstable Synthetic Compounds
Reaction with other non Hazardous Chemicals/ Illustration of P38 Filler.
Some vehicles carrying these goods have to meet certain OX
certification standards before being able to carry these goods.
For example, readily visible temperature monitoring, backup fridges
on the load compartment etc.
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Class 6
Toxics of which:-
6.1
Toxic Materials
Also known as Poisonous.
Class 6.1 covers substances of which it is known by experience or
regarding which it is presumed from experiments on animals, that in
relatively small quantities, they are able by a single action or action of
short duration, to cause damage to Human Health, or Death, by
Inhalation, Coetaneous(skin) absorption or by ingestion.
The three measures are ;LD50 (median Lethal Dose), for acute Oral Toxicity, by mouth.
LD50 (median Lethal Dose), for acute dermal toxicity, by skin.
LC50 (median Lethal Dose), for acute toxicity by inhalation.
The symptoms of Toxics may be acute or Chronic.
Acute would mean fast acting as against Chronic which would act over
a longer period of time.
They are classified into 3 Packing Groups,
Packing Group I
Packing Group II
Packing Group III
Highly Toxic Substances
Toxic Substances
Slightly Toxic Substances
To define the Acute nature of the Toxic substance, Albino Rats may be
used in the testing process.
Toxicity of Pesticides Data is kept at the World Health Organisation in
Geneva.
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Do Not store this material with foodstuffs, and always report any
package of the class which is not intact. In the event of exposure
always seek medical help.
Examples of Goods of Class 6.1 are;Arsenic, Cyanide, Lead Compound, Nicotine Compound, Pesticides,
Motor Fuel Anti Knock Mixtures.
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6.2
Infectious Substances
UN/ World Health Org Categories of division, 4 being Worst, 1 being
least.
Infectious Substances arte substances which are known or are
reasonably expected to contain Pathogens.
Pathogens are defined as Micro Organisms (including bacteria,
viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) and other agents such as prions,
which can cause disease in Humans and Animals.
Genetically modified micro organisms and organisms, biological
products, diagnostic specimens, and infected live animals may also
meet this Class.
Class 6.2 Substances are subdivided as follows;I1
Infectious substances affecting Humans.
I2
Infectious substances affecting animals only
I3
Clinical Waste.
I4
Biological Substances.
Infectious Substances are divided into the following categories.
Category A
An infectious substance which is carried in a form that, when exposure
to it occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability, life threatening
or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals.
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Category A Substances include;Ebola virus
Hepatitis and Herpes Virus,
Rabies,
Monkeypox virus,
Polio virus,
Dengue virus.
Category B
An infectious substance which does not meet the criteria for inclusion
in Category A
Class 6.2 packaging should consist of three components;1) a leak proof primary receptacle.
2) A leak proof secondary packaging
3) An outer packaging of adequate strength for its capacity. Mass
and intended use.
Inhalation, Absorption, Ingestion.
Do not store near Foodstuffs
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Class 7
Radioactive Materials
A unique class of Hazardous Class because it is not the goods but the
energy it emits that causes the danger. The Radiation is from the decay
of the source, and the energy released is ionising Radiation. This
energy can and is put to good uses in the Medical and Industrial Field.
In Medicine, Radiation is used for the treatment of Malign growths such
as Cancers, for X Rays, for tracers for Medical diagnosis, such as in the
Blood stream for Vein and Artery Damage, and for Sterilisation.
Surgeons Instruments are sterilised by radiation, to kill bacteria
without leaving a residue, Bandages and Plasters are Sterilised by
Radiation before packaging, and such like.
In Industry, fatigue in metals is checked using radiation. In Aircraft
wings and such like, a photographic plate will show a map of fatigue
cracks when a radioactive source is placed the other side of the metal.
And of Course for Generation of Power.
Your Home Smoke detectors work from a Radioactive source of
Americium 241.
There are 4 types of radiation.
Alpha Particles, with little penetrating power, being stopped by a sheet
of paper or 5cm of Air.
Beta Particles, same as electrons, but smaller, a sheet of metal will
stop them or 1 meter of Air.
Neutron particles, big and fast but decay quickly. In large doses can
give rise to radiation burns.
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Gamma and X rays, short wave length, high energy levels.
Very High penetrating power, slowed by dense materials such as
Depleted Uranium, or lead. But will pass straight through the Human
Body.
Measurement of activity, or in medical terms dosage is in Bequerels
signed Bq. 1 Bq is the decay of 1 atom per Second, but it is usually
measured in Kilo Becquerel or even PetaBequerels.
The Transport Package will be labelled with the activity of the
package.
Persons working with Radioactivity, have to wear film badges
recording their Dosage, this is measured by the Health Protection
Agency, and the Dosage defined in the Irradiating Radiation Regulation
Regulations 1999.
This Dosage is measured in Sieverts, the dose of energy absorber by 1
Kilogramme of Mass.
The dose will depend on the activity of the source, the distance of the
source, the degree of Shielding and the duration of exposure.
Dose Limits are 20 mSv per Year, or 6 mSv for non classified workers
such as drivers.
Dosage can be reduced by distance from the source, (twice the
distance a quarter the radiation).
Shielding from the source.
Reducing the exposure to the radiation.
The Transport index (TI) is used to measure and control the Radiation
Exposure, and to indicate the degree of Control and Quantity loaded by
the Driver / Transporter.
It is a number equal to the highest Radiation level in mSv times One
Hundred at 1 meter from the Package.
In Transport terms the Maximum a package should read is a TI of 10,
and a maximum T.I. of 50 per vehicle.
There is an exception to this where you have a vehicle on “Exclusive
Use”, where the package limit is 50 and no limit on the vehicle.
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There is a limit also for Fissile Material, where you have a measure of
Critical Safety Index of 50.
In Transport Terms the Labels define the Radiation Level.
TI 0 White Labels, up to 0.005 mSv/ Hr, i.e no radiation Hazard.
TI up to 1, Yellow Labels I, up to 0.5 mSv/Hr
TI up to 10, Yellow Label II, up to 2 mSv /Hr
TI More than 10, Yellow Label III, up to 10 mSv.
Radiation Levels in Life terms, would be;Background Radiation in UK, 2.6 mSv
Chest X Ray
0.02mSv
4 Hour Flight
0.03 mSv
1 mSv same as 6 Hours of Football
Some Materials Decay quicker than others, and decay is measured in
Half Life. A Half life is the time it is taken for half of the radioactive
atoms to break up.
I- 131, Iodene,
8 Days.
Used in Blood Tracing.
Beta and Gamma radiation
P- 32 Phosphorus,
14 Days.
Co- 60 Cobalt
5 Years,
used in medical and Sterilisation.
Beta and gamma Radiation
Am-241 Americum
458 Years used in Smoke detectors
Alpha and Gamma radiation
Beta radiation
C-14 Carbon
5600 Years, used for carbon dating antiquities
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Packages
Seven Standards of packaging. From;Excepted packages, o.oo5 mSv / Hr
Industrial Packages, IP1, IP2 and IP 3
For Large Quantity of Low Specific Activity or Surface Contaminated
Objects.
Type A Packages
Designed to withstand Normal Carriage, and for Quantities allowed in
a package that can be released within safe levels,
Type B Packages, (U) and (B) unilateral and Multi lateral, capable of
withstanding severe accident conditions, and for High Activity loads.
Will usually be warm from the activity of the radiation, and usually
attached to 20ft Container Beds.
Type C packages
For transport by Air.
Companies working with Radiation need a Radiation Protection Plan,
normally controlled by a Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS), of a
Radiation Protection Adviser, (RPA)
Transport Companies moving Higher Levels of radioactive Goods need
to have a Transport Security Plan in place to assure the security of the
load, and is regarded as a High Consequence Dangerous Load.
Vehicles must be marked with Class 7 Placards on the rear and sides
denoting Radioactives on Board.
Higher levels of Class 7 must have the HIN Number and UN Number
displayed on the vehicle sides on Orange Plates 400 x 300.
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Class 8
Corrosives
Acids and Alkalis, otherwise known as Caustic
Class 8 Substances and articles which by chemical action attack
epithelial tissue, of the skin or mucous membranes, with which they are
in contact, or which in the event of leakage are capable of damaging or
destroying other goods, or means of transport.
This class also covers other substances which form a corrosive liquid
only in the presence of water, or which produce corrosive vapour or
mist in the presence of natural moisture of the air.
Corrosive Substances can also be flammable, self heating, oxidising or
toxic, or all of these, and can emit flammable gases.
An example of this would be spilling Hydrochloric Acid on concrete.
The reaction with the Alkali in the concrete would give off Hydrogen
Gas which is explosive.
Packing Group I defines a Highly Corrosive Substance.
Packing Group II defines a Corrosive Substance
Packing Group II defines a slightly Corrosive Substance
Packing Group I
Is assigned to a substance that will cause full impact destruction of
intact skin tissue within an observation period of 60 minutes starting
after the exposure time of 3 minutes or less..
Packing Group II
Is assigned to a substance that will cause full thickness destruction of
intact skin tissue within an observational period of 14 days starting
after an exposure time of more than 3 minutes, but not more than 60
minutes.
Packing Group III
Is assigned to
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Is assigned to a substance that will cause full thickness destruction of
intact skin tissue within an observational period of 14 days starting
after an exposure time of more than 3 minutes, but more than 60
minutes but not more than 4 hours.
Dilute solutions can still be dangerous, an example being Car Battery
Acid. By the time the damage is evident it may be too late to take
action.
Goods of this class include ;Batteries,, filed with acid., Acids, Amines, Caustics.
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Class 9
Miscellaneous
Goods still Hazardous.
This Class was introduced in 1982 to provide a home for substances
and articles that, although recognised as dangerous did not fit the
definition of any other class.
There is no common characteristics to the class so all nature of Hazard
information must be gleaned from the Tremcard or Safety Data Sheet.
There is no Packing Group 1 in Class 9 goods, only Pg II and Pg III.
Whilst some articles of Class 9 may have a UN Number assigned, they
are exempted from the ADR regulations.
Eg, UN 3166, internal combustion engine, Un2216 Fish Meal, UN 2794
Batteries (wet) UN 3363 Hazardous Goods in Machinery,
They are classified with an “M” prefix, Nos 1 – 11
Items of Class 9 include:M1,
Substances which on inhalation as a fine dust, may
endanger Health., eg Asbestos, non toxic but a long term
health Hazard.
M2,
Substances and Apparatus which in the event of a fire may
cause dioxins, Cancer forming agents. An example
PCB’s
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Transformer oils,
carcinogenic (Cancer Forming) and hard to dispose of.
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M3
Substances evolving Flammable Vapour.
Polymeric Beads
M4,
M5,
M6 – M8.
can create an explosive atmosphere if
overheated.
This is the material, I believe that caught fire
in the Mont Blanc Tunnel in France, killing
many and closing the Tunnel for a year for
repairs.
Lithium Batteries,
dangerous contents, can short
out if not packed correctly, overheat and
violently burn, or explode.
Life Saving Appliances. Danger of accidental self inflation
as small explosive charges may be present.
This classification would include, life rafts, Airbags and
Seatbelt pretensioners.
Environmentally Hazardous Substance
M6 , Pollutant to the aquatic environment, liquid.
M7, Pollutant to the aquatic environment , Solid.
M8, Genetically Modified micro organisms and
organisms.
Ps live animals shall not be used to carry GMMO unless it
can be carried in any other way.
M9 – 10
Elevated Temperature Substances
M9, Liquid
M10, Solid.
At above 100 degree c but below its flashpoint for
liquids, solids 240 degrees. .
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M11 Other substances presenting a danger during carriage, not
meeting the definition of another class.
These may include Solid ammonia, flash point below 60
degrees c,
Substances emitting Noxious Fumes. Etc.
Chemical Kits and First Aid Kits.
Some UN Numbers have requirements on their transport,
which may make them exempt from ADR regulations.
UN 3268, Air Bag Inflators or Modules, and Seat belt
pretensioners.
Special Provision 289 prescribes that these devices
when installed in conveyances, or in completed
conveyance components, such as steering columns,
door panels or seats, are not subject to the requirements
of ADR.
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Transport Documentation
TREMCARDS
TRansport EMergency CARDS.
Drivers are required a 4 Page Tremcard and be supplied it by the
Employee of the Driver. The driver will keep this in his possession, and
be readily available in the drivers Cab.
The First page will outline the General Safety Instructions for
Dangerous Goods.
The Second and Third Pages will define the Class specific Hazard
Characteristics and Additional Guidance illustrated by the 9 Class
Danger Labels. The fourth Page will define the Minimum Drivers
Personal and Safety Equipment.
For the Vehicle;A Wheel Chock, suited to the size of Tyre and weight of Vehicle.
- 2 Self Standing Warning Signs. (in Europe Flashing Lights)
- Eye rinse liquid. (Not required for Some explosives and Gases).
For each of the Vehicle Crew.
- Warning Vest (Hi Vis)
- Torch
- Protective Gloves
- Eye protection.
Additional for certain Classes
Classes 2.3 and 6.1
- A Gas Mask
-
For Classes 3, 4.1, 4.3, 8, 9
A Shovel
A Drain Seal
A Plastic Bucket
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SAFETY DATA SHEETS.
This is not required for transport.
There are 16 Sections to this document, and defines in more detail the
hazards and handling requirements of the Product, and more
importantly, First Aid, Spill Procedure & Fire Fighting Measures.
Transport Information can be found in Section 14 for Road, Sea and Air
Transport.
These are created by the manufacturer of the goods and should be
available on request.
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DANGEROUS GOODS SHIPPING NOTE
This is sometimes known as the Transport Document.
This Document must accompany the Dangerous Goods at all levels
above Limited Quantities.
This Document must have the Following Information.
The UN Number of the Goods
The PSN, the Proper Shipping Name.
The Class Number of the goods
The Packing Group, or
Where there is no packing group, the Classification Code.
The total quantity of the goods and in what size packages.
The Gross and Nett weights.
The Consignor
The Consignee
The declaration in Box 19 completed with the name, signature and
telephone number of the person making the declaration.
This Document may be a copy of the original relating specifically to the
load, as it is the information that is important.
From 1st January 2009, The Information in the Document must Include
the Tunnel Code. This is in the form of a letter A to E, and to be shown
in (Brackets) after the Class and packing Group.
Tunnel Codes are related to the tunnels the vehicle can use (or not use)
carrying the dangerous goods so loaded.
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Container Packing Certificate.
This Document also may carry the Container Packing Certificate, for
goods travelling by sea.
If goods are travelling by sea or Channel Tunnel, this box should be
completed by the person loading the vehicle, trailer or container, or the
driver only if he has seen and controlled the load loaded and can verify
the contents and loading specifications.
This signature declares the following:The vehicle was clean, dry and fit to receive the goods.
No incompatible substances have been loaded onto the container.
(Beware IMDG Regulations have stricter incompatibility regulations)
All packages have been inspected for Damage, and no unsound
packages are loaded.
All packages are secure in the vehicle.
All packages are correctly marked and labelled.
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Vehicle and Driver Requirements
Orange plates to be displayed front and rear of vehicle, whilst loading,
unloading and in transit.
Reading and Understanding of Tremcard before taking responsibility for the
load.
ADR Vocational Training Certificate to be with the driver at all times
whilst carrying Dangerous Goods.
The driver must have the Transport documents required for the goods.
Photographic Identity is required for High Consequence Dangerous
Goods.
The Vehicle Certificate of Approval if required carrying, Fl, OX, EX or
AT.
Drivers knowledgeable in use of Fire Extinguisher.
1 or more Wheel Chock suitable for size of vehicle
if abroad must be plastic or rubber.
No Smoking or Naked Flames.
No Opening of Packages. (Except UK Regulations)
No Passengers, unless crew member with ADR, and with his own PPE.
There will be Load specific requirements also to adhere to.
Placards to be in place on the sides and rear of the vehicle when
carrying Class 1 and Class 7 Goods.
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PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
Drivers have a requirement to carry Personal Protective Equipment
with them whilst carrying Dangerous Goods. The list is on the
Tremcard as above,
For each of the Vehicle Crew.
- Warning Vest (Hi Vis)
- Torch
- Protective Gloves
- Eye protection.
Additional for certain Classes
Classes 2.3 and 6.1
- A Gas Mask
-
For Classes 3, 4.1, 4.3, 8, 9
A Shovel
A Drain Seal
A Plastic Bucket
Other PPE dependant on what is being carried on the vehicle may
include:Hi Vis Tabard.
Safety Goggles.
First Aid Kit,
Disposable Dust Masks
Disposable (latex) Gloves,
18” Chemical Gauntlets.
Waterproof Suit
PVC Chemical Suit
Gas Mask
Chemical Proof Wellingtons,
Torch, must be working.
Warning Triangles and /or
2 Flashing Lights when Abroad.
Any Load specific Safety Equipment, such as Antidote Packs, Shovels,
Brooms, Fire Extinguishers other than Dry Powder.
The following items to be carried in the PPE kit must be in date:Hard Hat, no more than 5 Years old, date to be found under peak of cap.
Gas Mask Respirator Filter, Expiry date to be printed on Canister.
Eyewash Bottle, Expiry date to be printed on Bottle.
This List includes Items that should be in any Spill Kit Hazard Cupboard.
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Fire Extinguishers
2Kg Fire Extinguisher for the vehicle Cab.
Vehicles up to 3.5 tonne
Fire extinguisher 4 Kg Minimum Capacity.
Vehicles up to 7.5 tonne
Fire extinguishers minimum total capacity 8 Kg dry powder, of which
one to be at least 6 Kg.
Vehicles more than 7.5 tonne
Fire Extinguishers minimum capacity 12 Kg, of which one to be
minimum capacity 6 Kg.
For vehicles carrying goods under 1.1.3.6,
Fire Extinguisher of 2 Kg for the vehicle Cab.
3 Things to Notice on the Fire Extinguishers.
Seals Intact.
Labels of Expiry Date Legible, and Next service date to be in the Future.
Pressure Gauge in the Green
The Normal type of Fire Extinguisher for a Vehicle is Dry Powder.
Colour Codings
Extinguishers may have colour coding for the type of Extinguisher
Red,
Cream,
Blue
Black
Green
Water
Foam
Powder
CO2 Carbon Dioxide.
Halon.
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Responsibility of Consignor
Ensuring Packages used are correct UN Packages, correctly packed
for Goods and are Correctly Labelled’
Ensuring all packages are safe to load.
Ensuring Overpacks are correctly marked.
Ensuring the Carrier is informed of the Dangerous Goods to be loaded,
in writing.
Providing the driver with the documentation, Dangerous Goods
Shipping Note
Ensuring the person completing the Dangerous Goods note is
Dangerous Goods awareness Trained
Signing the Declarant Box on the DG Note.
Providing the Placards if required.
Providing the Safety Data Sheet if Required.
Ensuring the Vehicle loaders are Dangerous Goods awareness trained.
Vehicle loaders to Sign the Container Packing Certificate (only) if it is a
full load.
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Responsibility of the Driver
Reading the Tremcard to know the nature of the Hazard.
Reading the DG Note to assure he is ADR licenced for the goods to be
carried.
Wear Safety Equipment if provided or is necessary as defined in the
tremcard.
Ensuring the correct status of the Dangerous Goods from the
consignor.
Ensuring he has a Copy Tremcard.
Ensuring goods on his vehicle are correctly labelled and addressed
Ensuring he has the documents relating to the load, DG Note &
Tremcard.
Marking Vehicle correctly, Orange Plates and Placards if Class1 & 7
Ensuring he has correct PPE, Fire Extinguishers and vehicle equipment
for load.
Ensuring Vehicle cleaned after any spillage.
Ensuring no loading of incompatible goods
Knowledge of Emergency Procedures
Ensuring the Container Packing Certificate is signed before he sets out
to ship out.
Ensuring the packages are loaded safely.
Keeping Tremcard readily available in the vehicle cab.
Plan the Journey to Include safe parking if required.
Report suspicious behaviour around your vehicle.
Report to the employer any tampering of the load.
Report to the employer any accident regarding the load.
To know what to do in what to do in an emergency
Know not to fight a fire of the load.
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Responsibility of Carrier
Selecting Correct Vehicle
Appointment of DGSA
Ensuring Vehicle Supervision Regulations are Complied with if in
Scope.
Providing Driver with Copy Tremcard.
Ensuring Transport Security Plan or policy is Adhered to if in scope.
Selecting Qualified Driver for the goods to be carried.
Providing Driver with PPE, and Vehicle Equipment.
Providing Driver with Fire Extinguisher Training
Ensuring no incompatible goods planned on vehicle.
Knowledge of Emergency Procedures and Reporting requirements
with regard to RIDDOR and ADR.
Ensuring Training of All Staff. Keeping of Training Documents.
Keeping of Transport Document for 3 month after the journey.
Ensuring a contact Telephone Number in case of incidents
To Train the driver what to do in an emergency.
To Report to the DGSA any accidents or Incidents regarding
Dangerous Goods.
To report to the HSE or RIDDOR, any notifiable incidents or accidents.
Ensure transport Document have been kept for 3 month after the
journey.
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European ADR
Driving restrictions
Most countries in Europe have taken on board the requirements of
ADR and placed them into their own countries, although Article 4
defines that each Country has its own additional requirements to
regulate or Prohibit for reasons other than safety the regulations.
France for instance forbids the transport of Dangerous Goods on
French roads after midday on Saturday or day preceding a Bank
Holiday, until midnight Sunday or 6am Monday. France also defines
separate speed limits for vehicles carrying Dangerous Goods, 80km/h
m/ways and 60km/h National Roads.
Germany will reportedly double the fine for any traffic offence if the
vehicle is carrying Dangerous Goods. There will be regular checks by
the BAG,(BundesAmt fur Gutverkehr) the German ministry for ADR
compliance. Also all traces of Hazard stickers must be removed if they
do not apply.
In Holland and Belgium many Tunnels are banned to Dangerous Goods
and Bridge or Ferry routes are signed up as Dangerous Goods
diversions. Less so in Belguim, where the Kennedy Tunnel in Antwerp
is Banned to Dangerous Goods.
. In Paris Dangerous Goods loads are banned from certain Motorways
on Monday mornings, and from the tunnels on the peripherifique.
After the fire in the Mont Blanc of Polystyrene beads, certain Alpine
tunnels ban Dangerous Goods and the choices of route to Italy may be
restricted.
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Dangerous Goods Miscellaneous Details.
The Driver is not to fight a fire of a dangerous goods load.
His job is to alert the authorities and be available when they arrive
with the load information to hand. That and to alert the local populace
and keep them clear of the danger. Fire Extinguishers are for
preventing a load of the vehicle getting to the dangerous goods.
Police and Ministry Checks
The police or ministry will target and stop Dangerous Goods loads for
compliance.
Once stopped, the Authorities will take your papers off of you, THEN
ask questions about the load, UN No, Product, Fire drill, and the
special instructions. It is wise to know these before you set out on your
journey. The Answers you give will be checked later by a DGSA so the
Police response to them will mean little.
55% of all checks show Extinguisher Failings, Documentation Error is
the next.
Given the nature of the Offence, you will either be given a Prohibition
Notice, a deferred P.N. allowing you to continue your journey, but the
Traffic Commisioner will be informed, and you will have a defined
period amount of time to conform.
High Consequence Loads.
You will be Give a Dangerous Load Card by your employer.
If the driver is asked to stop by another vehicle, especially if it is
unmarked, the driver is to ring 999 to verify the Authenticity of the
Authorities asking him to stop . You will show the car stopping you the
Dangerous Load Card which says you are calling the Police. Always
leave your Doors locked and Windows Closed.
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The 999 call goes to the local Operations room, whom the Police or
VOSA stopping you will have called to inform them. Hence your 999 call
will verify the Authority of the car or persons asking you to stop or alert
the Police of an incident to which they will respond.
Dartford and other UK tunnels.
All vehicles carrying DG have to be checked, and may either be
allowed through unescorted, accompanied, or turned away. Dartford,
Mersey and Tyne Tunnel issue a reference book with information as to
the UN Numbers allowed.
Cars running on LPG or CNC must have stickered denoting the fact.
From 30th June 2009, English Tunnels should be using the ADR Tunnel
Code System, A to E. Which I believe will be Code C at time of writing.
IMDG
The International Marine Dangerous Goods code is far stricter than
Road regs, especially in the Compatibility of Dangerous Goods.
Certain classes, such as 5.1 and class 3 cannot travel on the same
boat, let alone the same vehicle. Opposing forms of Class 8 (Acids and
Alkalies) are not allowed on the same vehicle. DG loads must be
informed to the Ferry Port 2 Hours before arrival at the port.
Often it is best to check compatibility before arriving at the port.
Some dangerous goods are loaded on the ship at the prow, so they can
be jettisoned in cases of an emergency.
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.
Radioactive Goods for Humanitarian Purposes (X Rays etc) are
allowed on passenger ferries, but when the vehicle returns with the
empty container after unloading the source it must use the Freight
Ferry as it is deemed industrial.
You will be fined for a Orange plate displayed when travelling empty.
In Europe, you will be expected to have working Flashing Lights as well
as Warning Triangles
3 kilogramme of Radioactive Material is usually shielded with around 1
Tonne of Lead or Depleted Uranium to contain the activity.
The Radioactive material in your Home Smoke detector, requires a
Nuclear Licence to carry the material in any bulk
A London Pub blew up 4 hour after a tanker accident half a mile away.
The vapours from the leaking fuel in the drains, got into the cellar, and
ignited when the boiler kicked in.
The result of a VW Beetle running out of control into an explosives lorry
in America, when the cars fuel tank ruptured and caught light was a
crater 60ft by 50 ft and 20ft Deep! Projectiles pierced cars at 700 foot,
and concussion was inflicted at 1300 ft distant.
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Registered in England and Wales.