A Report on VM 197-Internship II/ VM 201-Case Report
Presented to the faculty of College of Veterinary Medicine,
Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
For the degree
DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
By
MARIA CRISTINA C.BELTRAN
VENUS O. CASAO
CRISTA M. IGUID
CLARENCE N. PANAWAN
April 2012
Swine Station:
Luz Farms, Inc
Pinagsibaan, Rosario, Batangas
On
April 10-30, 2011
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FARM
A. Farm History and Present Status
Luz Farms, Inc established in 1981 provided the best swine genetics and breeding
stocks. It integrated production facilities on a 30-hectare property in Barangay
Pinagsibaan, Rosario, Batangas. Since then, the farm has a total sow level of 1, 610
capable of producing F1 gilts per year. JSR genetics has brought together 3 of the world’s
leading genetic houses, namely: JSR Healthbred, JSR Newsham, and Cotswold Pig
Development Company in synergistic new combination which provides pig producers
with an extensive range of sire and dam line products, artificial insemination (AI) products
and services, expert technical support and online customer technical services. LFIs stock
came from HY-Farm, Australia, which was LFI’s network established in 1986 and with 3
farms: JSR Health Breed, UK, Norsvin, Norway and Waratah, New Zealand.
Luz Farms, Inc is one of the farms accredited by Bureau of Animal Industry
because of its feasible and efficient farm production. An artificial insemination center of
the farm is built in the municipality to give backyard raisers easy access to the semen of
selected boars.
B. Farm Lay-out
Luz Farms, Inc is approximately 20 km from Lipa City and one km away from the
national road. It is accessible by land transportation since its topography is generally flat.
The farm highly suitable for swine raising is fenced with hollow blocks. Its total land area
is 30 hectares.
C. Physical Resources
In designing a piggery house, the first requirement is to protect the animals from
direct sunlight. Luz Farm, Inc has a monitor type of roofing. The roofs are designed in a
way that they reduce the ambient heat load reaching the animals and provide an efficient
removal of animal’s body heat. Water for all production buildings is connected to three
huge water tanks. Each building is provided with medication tank, the breeding,
farrowing and nursery buildings are equipped with ventilating fans to control humidity.
Pens are made of GI pipes and steel bars. Doors are durable and provided with security
tight locks. The farm has a house where some farm personnel, field practitioners and
buyers reside. It has a total of 42 production buildings divided into 2 areas, Area 1 and 2
where the pigs are found.
II.
FARM SECTIONS
A. Vaccination and Necropsy Section
Activities:
 Vaccination of piglets
 Vaccination of weaners, gilts and boars
 Necropsy of deceased pigs
Facilities:
Store Room 1. This room serves as storage for feeds of the animals.
Store Room 2. This room serves as storage for vaccines and medicines of the
animals. An overseer is assigned to keep watch of the distributing and inventory of the
products.
Hospital building. This building isolated from the rest of the farm buildings serves
to cater pigs under medication and observation. This is provided with canvass curtains,
medication tanks, nipple type waterers, feeding troughs and medicines.
Necropsy sheds. These provide areas for necropsy.
B. Breeding Section
Activities:
 Heat
detection. Heat is the time that the female accepts the male for
mating. During farm breeding time, gilts and sows are keenly observed if they give signs
of estrus and therefore ready to be bred. The surest indication of a sow in heat is its
acceptance of the boar. The producer’s ability to detect estrus is improved if the sow’s
behaviour is observed in the presence of a boar. Several signs of estrus are swelling and
reddening of the vulva, loss of appetite, mucus discharge, mounting other animals and
restlessness as given by PCCARD (2006). Techniques included in heat detection are
haunch back pressure, riding-the-back test, semen-on-snout test and teaser boar method.
 Semen collection and processing. Collection of semen from selected boars
is done in this section. The collection pen is designed to have rubberized flooring for firm
gripping of the boar’s hoofs during mounting of dummy. With gloved hand gently stroke
the boar’s genitals then holding the boar’s penis at the tip, pull on the penis and grip it
firmly. The first gel-like ejaculate is thrown while the creamy part is collected in a clean
cup with paper. After further evaluation in the AI laboratory, the semen is diluted,
extended, sealed and stored in the fridge at 16-18°C.
 Semen evaluation. The collected semen is brought here for evaluation.
Motility, concentration and volume are recorded. For motility evaluation, a drop of
sample is observed under low power objective magnification. For concentration, the
spermiodensimeter is used. The semen is measured through the use of a beaker.
 Artificial insemination. Artificial insemination, a breeding process wherein
the boar’s semen is introduced into the sow’s reproductive tract by way of catheter,
becomes the most practical means of breeding in the piggery farm because of the many
advantages it offers such as increased number of sows that are serviced, elimination of
mating accidents, avoidance of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, allowing
smaller raisers to get the best line for establishing a farm and allowing breeding possible
even in distant farms because of ease of transportation of semen.
 Pregnancy test. A mobile sonometer is used for detection of pregnancy.
Examination is done at 25 days after insemination.
 Feeding
 Record keeping
 Boar management.
Reproductive performance of the herd depended on
proper care and management. Breeding boars are allowed to breed sows and gilts at 8
months of age depending on their performance. Senior boars were used for semen
collection that is done twice or thrice daily in a week. On the other hand, junior boars
are only collected once a week.
 Management
of pregnant gilts and sows. Inseminated sows and gilts are
housed in individually for further observation of signs of pregnancy. Gilts and sows that
failed to exhibit such signs after 17-24 days are re-bred. Feeding of pregnant sows and
gilts are regulated to prevent them from getting obese and avoid any embryonic
abnormality. Ventilation fans are provided to offset high humidity build-up in their pens.
Fresh water is made available through automatic nipple type waterers.
Facilities:
Buildings. There are 6 buildings in this section occupied by gestating sows, dry
sows and teaser boars. The houses have monitor type of roofing and are equipped with
ventilating fans to minimize the accumulation of heat and for better air distribution. Pens
are provided with automatic nipple type waterers.
AI Laboratory. The farm has only one laboratory provided with all the
equipments such as microscope, fridge for semen, measuring pitcher, hot water bath,
electric sealer, spermiodensimeter, pregnancy test detector/scanner, catheter, glass slides,
and semen tubes.
C. Farrowing Section
Activities:
 Assisting farrowing sows
 Cleaning farrowing pens
 Weighing piglets
 Needle teeth cutting
 Umbilical cord cutting
 Ear notching
 Tail docking
 Iron administration
 Castration
D. Performance Testing Unit (PTU)
PTU is further divided as the following:
1. Performance Testing Unit
Activities:
 Semen collection
 Training of junior boars
 Teasing of gilt feeding and bathing pigs
 Backfat thickness testing
 Weighing of pigs
 Medication
 Record-keeping
2. Growing Section
Activities:
 Cleaning of pens and alley
 Bathing of pigs
 Feeding medication
 Weighing of pigs
3. Nursery Section
Activities:
 Feeding of piglets
 Medication
 Cleaning and washing of pens and alley
 Record-keeping
 Loading of pigs on the cart
Fig. 1 – 2. Semen collection and iron supplementation.
Fig. 3. Weighing and testing for backfat thickness of the gilts
Fig. 4. Taildocking done on a <14-old-old piglet.
Poultry Station:
Dalamax Poultry Farm
And
Adela’s Poultry Farm
Gueset, Bugallon, Pangasinan
On
May 01-20, 2011
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FARM
A. Farm Description
Dalamax and Adela’s Poultry Farms are contractual broiler growers.
II.
ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES IN THE FARM
A. Feeding and Watering
Sacks of feeds are stocked in a room wherein feeds are released in a bin that
supplies all the feeders with the use of an automated dispenser. A feed sensor connected
to the feeders is used to help regulate the dispensing of feeds.
The farms have the following as feeding guide:
Booster feed – first week
Grower – second to third week
Finisher – fourth week
A Dosatron® water regulator is used in the farm connected to the automated
waterers.
B. Temperature Regulation
Special equipment is used to regulate the large exhaust fans installed at the end of
the buildings. Cooling pads are also installed at the sides of the building to help regulate
the temperature inside the building.
During summer, fans are set according to the following:
REQUIRED TEMPERATURE (ºC)
DAY
REQUIRED FAN
1-3
none
35-38
4
1/20m3
32
2 if 32 ºC and above
5-6
32
7-9
3-4 fans
31
10-15
4-6 fans
30
16-20
6-8 fans
29
21-25
With cooling pads
28
25-30
With cooling pads
27
31-35
With cooling pads
26
During rainy season, fans are set accordingly:
REQUIRED TEMPERATURE (ºC)
DAY
REQUIRED FAN
0
none
34
3
0-2
33
4
3-4
32.6
7
4-6 (1min on;3min off)
31
10
4-6
30.8
16
Auto-cooling
29.2
18
Auto-cooling
28.2
20
Auto-cooling
27.4
25
Auto-cooling
26.2
28
Auto-cooling
25.6
C. Medication and Supplementation
Birds observed to have abnormalities are culled.
Multivitamins, amino acids and electrolytes are given for supplementation.
D. Harvest
Target weight for a 33-day broiler is 1.8 kilograms and above.
At harvest days, the broilers are loaded to the trucks to be delivered to the
dressing plants.
Fig. 5 – 6. The cooling pad and the control panel for the fans and feeders.
Fig. 7. The exhaust fans installed at the end of the building.
Fig. 8 – 9. The broilers at feeding time and the automated water dispenser.
Small Animal Practice Station:
BSU- Veterinary Hospital
La Trinidad, Benguet
On
07-19 November 2011
16-21 January 2012
20-25 February 2012
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
A. Hospital History and Present Status
Benguet State University – College of Veterinary Medicine had its humble
beginning way back 1975 when Dr. Basito Cotiw-an proposed the offering of a new
degree, Bachelor of Science in Animal Technology or BSAT. It was on June 15, 1977 that
BSAT was offered under the Veterinary Technology Division of the Department of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences of the College of Agriculture through the Memorandum
No. 2 Series of 1977 of the MSAC Administration. On June 1978, Dr. Cotiw-an became
the Department Chairman wherein the department was subdivided into Veterinary
Sciences headed by Dr. Reynaldo Galban, and Animal Sciences headed by Professor
Sydney Moresto. Four years after the offering of BSAT, the first batch of BSAT students
graduated on March 1979.
In 1982, Dr. Domingo Casiwan took over as the Department Chairman. It was
under his administration that the integrated ladder type of BSAT-DVM curriculum was
approved through Resolution No. 7 Series of 1982.
It was on 1983 that the Veterinary Sciences became a separate department from
Animal Sciences and the assigned chairman was Dr. Cotiw-an.
The Department of Veterinary Sciences became a separate college of the university,
the College of Veterinary Medicine, in 1984 with Dr. Cotiw-an as the Dean, who was
taken over by Dr. Abraham Patacsil. On February of the same year, the Technical Panel
on Agricultural Education (TPAE) evaluated the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program.
The College of Veterinary Medicine was re-evaluated and was recommended to be
phased out on April 5, 1987.
On 1988, Dr. Lucio Victor, the University President improved the college facilities
including the construction of the animal clinic and the three-storey building. On July 4 of
the same year, Dr. Reynaldo Galban became the College Dean.
From July 14, 1990 to March 31, 1994, Dr. Anatalia Castrence took over as the
College Dean and it was under her administration that the college was given a rate of
81.19% by the TPAE re-evaluation.
On March 1997, six college departments were constructed namely: Anatomy,
Physiology and Pharmacology, Pathology and Public Health, Microbiology, Medicine and
Surgery, and Zootechnics.
On April 14, 1998, the college was soaring high to becoming as a Center of
Excellence for Veterinary Education in Northern Luzon.
Dr. Ruth Diego became the Dean on June 10, 1999-2003.
Dr. Anatalia Castrence took over again as the Dean on June 2003.
The following year up to the present, Dr. Joseph Dianso was assigned the Dean of
College with Dr. Louwell Ogbinar as the Resident Veterinarian and Dr. Jocelyn Runas as
the Director of the Animal Hospital.
On the second semester of school year 2010-2011, the Animal Hospital was retiled, re-painted and totally renovated.
On June 2009, Dr. Maricel West took over as the Resident Veterinarian and had
its leave on April 2011. Dr. Allan Labotan was hired as reliever for the position and Dr.
Melly Ann Salic-o was later hired on June of the same year and recently as the temporary
Resident Veterinarian.
II.
HOSPITAL SECTIONS
A. Information
Activities:
 Anamnesis and physical examination of patient
 Reception of clients
 Filing up of records
Facilities:
Information desk. This serves for reception of clients and filling up of records.
Under desks contain several forms such as laboratory request, necropsy, patient medical
record, surgery, anesthesia/sedation, routing, vaccination/deworming and euthanasia
forms. Seats are provided for the comfort of clients while waiting.
Vaccination and/or deworming table. This caters to patients for vaccination and
deworming. There are two weighing scales – the smaller for the small patients and the
bigger for the big ones.
Examination table. This caters to patients undergoing anamnesis and physical
examination. Thermometers, alcohol, cotton and tissues are fixed on top of the table for
use during physical examination.
B. Pharmacy
Activities:
 Drug dispensation
 Selling of products such as cages, feeds, chokers, chains, etc
 Inventory of drugs and other products
Facilities:
Cabinets. Glass-covered cabinets are used for display and easy access of drugs.
Refrigerator. This is in use for storage of drugs, vaccines, antitoxins, ice packs, test
kits and food for in-patients.
C. Laboratory
Activities:
 Fecalysis
 Urinalysis
 Hematology
 Seminal fluid examination
 Skin scraping and pus examination
 Vaginal cytology
 Sterilization of sampling bottles, syringes and IV lines for fecalysis
Facilities:
 Wooden cabinets. These contain the reagents and solutions needed for
fecalysis, urinalysis, fungal analysis and hematology. Underdesks are forms of fecalysis,
urinalysis, hematology, skin scraping and pus examination, vaginal cytology and seminal
fluid examination
 Drawers. These contain the pipettes, cell counter, strips for urinalysis, glass
slides, cover slips, tongue depressors, sampling bottles, syringes for sample collection,
cotton swabs, capillary tubes, and sterilized syringes with improvised IV lines for fecalysis.
 Marble lavatories. On top are electron microscopes for viewing slides,
staining boxes, testtube brushes, soap, sponges, disinfectant, left-over IV fluids/distilled
water for fecalysis, draining platforms, microhematocrit centrifuge and reader , tube
centrifuge and water bath.
 Refrigerator. This is for the storage of ice packs and miscellaneous materials.
 Nebulizer/humidifier. For patients afflicted with respiratory diseases that
need nebulisation or humidification.
D. Non-infectious treatment
Activities:
patients
 Treatment of out-patients
 Treatment of patients with
non-contagious diseases and post-surgical
Facilities:
 Treatment table. This stainless long table caters to cages of patients for
elevation, easy access to patients and easy elimination of excreta.
 Feeders and drinkers. These are for feeding and drinking.
 Lavatory. This is equipped with faucet, soap and disinfectant for washing
of feeders and drinkers of patients.
 IV drip stand.
 Push cart. This contains gloves, masks, newspapers, bulbs, extension wires,
muzzles, leashes, collars, gauzed cottons, iodine, alcohol and feeds for the patients.
 Hot packs and incandescent bulbs with extension wires. These are for the
provision of warmth and therapy to patients.
E. Surgery
Activities:
 Minor and major surgery/ies
 Packing and sterilization of
materials for surgery
instruments/equipments, apparels and other
 Cleaning and disinfection of area
Facilities:
 Washing
performance of surgery.
and dressing room. This is for scrubbing and garbing prior to
 Autoclave apparatus. This is for sterilizing surgical instruments, gauzes,
drapes, masks and gowns.
 Stainless surgical table. It is a hydraulic operated surgical table.
 Wooden cabinets. This is for the storage of surgical supplies
materials such as splints, dressings and plaster.
operation.
 Crash cart. This contains emergency drugs.
 Oxygen tank and mask.
 Push cart. This contains the surgical instruments
and casting
that are used for the
F. X-ray
Activities:
 X-ray examination
 Ultrasound examination
Facilities:
 Dark room. A well-equipped room needed for the development of films.
 X-ray machine. This a tool for taking radiographs.
 Ultrasound apparatus.
 Positioning equipments. These are table and trough.
G. Infectious Ward
Activities:
 Treatment of patients with infectious diseases
Facilities:
 Cages with pans. These cater for admitted patients.
 Feeders and drinkers. These are for feeding and drinking.
 Lavatory. This is equipped with faucet, soap and disinfectant for washing
of feeders and drinkers of patients.
 IV drip stand.
 Push cart. This contains gloves, masks, newspapers, bulbs, extension wires,
muzzles, leashes, collars, gauzed cottons, iodine, alcohol and feeds for the patients.
 Hot packs and incandescent bulbs with extension wires. These are for the
provision of warmth and therapy to patients.
H. Extension
Activities:
patients
 Home services such as castration, vaccination, deworming and fetching of
 Necropsy
 Laundry
 Disinfection of used cages
 Update on the health condition of BSU-CVM animals and medication of
animals that need one
cadavers
 Interment
of contaminated syringes, blades, IV lines and needles and
Facilities:
patients.
 Necropsy
room. This caters to performance of necropsies of expired
 Laundry area. This is for laundry and disinfection of used cages.
 Graveyard.
III.
CASES
A. Infectious
Patient Information: Spark, a seven-month-old, black tan male Dachshund weighing
2.3kilograms.
Anamnesis: It was admitted due to inappetence and emesis. It has no vaccination or
deworming record.
Physical examination:
Laboratory Examination:
Immunocomb® test kit – positive for parvovirosis
Charting:
08 November. The line of treatment was as follows:
Biodyl® – 1cc IV
Canglob P® – 2.9cc IV
Metoclopramide – 0.37cc IV
Metronidazole – 7cc IV b.i.d
Marbocyl® – 0.73cc IV
Biodyl® is a B-complex vitamins (B1 – thiamine, B2 – riboflavin, B3 – niacin, B6 –
pyridoxine, B12 – cyanocobalamin) preparation. It is an adjunct therapy and as support in
animals receiving antibiotics or chemotherapeutics in cases of weakness, recovery from
infectious, parasitic infestation, nervous disturbances and avitaminosis.
Canglob P®’s active ingredients are immunoglobulin anti parvivirosis canis NLT 1024
HIU and thiomersal NMT 0.1mg; PBS solution ad 1ml.
Metoclopramide has two pharmacologic classifications, as anti-emetic and prokinetic.
It is indicated as anti-emetic for intractable emesis caused by blood-borne toxins, nausea
and vomition associated with delayed gastric-emptying, gastroesophageal reflux, reflux
gastritis and peptic ulceration. It is indicated as a prokinetic for gastric dilatation and/or
volvulus, post-operative ileus, gastric ulcer and idiopathic gastroparesis.
Metronidazole that is a nitroimidazole is classified as a miscellaneous antibiotic. It is
used commonly to treat protozoal infections and anaerobic bacterial infections. It also has
anti-inflammatory effects in the bowel. Metronidazole is bactericidal; it kills bacterial
microorganisms by disrupting their DNA. It is absorbed rapidly from the GI tract,
metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine and the feces.
Marbocyl® is a marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone-classified antibiotic not commonly
used for minor infections.
Choice of fluid was crystalloid – an isotonic 5% dextrose lactated Ringer’s solution of
which has the following formulation:
5g of dextrose monohydrate
600mg of sodium lactate anhydrous
30mg of potassium chloride
20mg of calcium, calcium chloride dehydrate
Percentage of dehydration was estimated using the table below:
Estimated Dehydration (%)
Physical Examination Findings
<5
History of fluid loss but no findings upon on physical
examination
5
Dry oral mucous membranes; no panting or tachycardia
7 (mild)
Decreased skin turgor, dry oral mucous membrane,
slightly tachycardia, normal pulse pressure
10 (moderate)
Marked degree of decreased skin turgor, dry oral
mucous membrane, tachycardia, increased pulse
12 (severe)
Marked loss of skin turgor, dry oral mucous membrane,
presence of significant signs of shock
Fluid therapy was computed by the following:
Replacement of lost interstitial volume (rehydration)
% dehydration x kg BW
5% x 2.3kg = 115ml
Maintenance fluids for normal homeostasis
Constants: 40ml/kg/day for larger animals
60ml/kg/day for smaller animals
Rehydration rate + 40 or 60ml/kg/day
115ml + 60 = 175ml/day
On-going or increased fluid losses (estimated by measuring urine, fecal output,
nasogastric tube suction, vomitus volume and insensible losses increased with fever
or higher metabolic demands at a range rate of 15-20ml/kg/day)
175ml + 15ml = 190ml/day or 24hours
= 7.92ml/hr
60min
= 0.13 x 15 drops (microset drops = 1ml)
= 1.98gtt/min
09 November. Same line of treatment was administered except for antiemetic.
10 November. Same line of treatment was administered except for antiemetic.
11 November. It was brought outside for sun-basking and walked for exercise and
evacuation of urine/feces. It was fed with mashed Pyramid Hill® in lukewarm water.
12 November. It was walked outside after it ate mashed Pyramid Hill®. It urinated
but no stool was observed. Take-home medicines including 1 bottle of molasses, an
additional of 3 metronidazole tablets to complete the seven-day dosage of antimicrobial
therapy, 7 capsules of Anti-anemia® were readied. Anti-anemia® contains ginseng and
astralagus extract.
Intern: Crista M. Iguid
Patient Information: Fire, a three-month-old yellow mongrel weighing 6.6kg.
Fig. 10. Fire on its third day.
Anamnesis: It was admitted with its inappetence.
Physical Examination: <2cm in diameter anorexic area on calvarium and a bit of sluggish
general appearance
Laboratory Examination:
Fecalysis - No ova seen
Skin scraping - Negative for parasite
Recommendation: For admission to be observed further being suspected of having same
infection as with the admitted but then discharged littermate.
Charting:
11 November. Choice of fluid for intravenous infusion was 5% dextrose lactated
Ringer’s solution with the total fluid of 405ml/kg/day perfused at 4.21 drops per minute.
Fluid therapy was computed by the following:
Replacement of lost interstitial volume (rehydration)
% dehydration x kg BW x total body water (0.6)
5% x 6.6kg x 1 = 330ml
Maintenance fluids for normal homeostasis
Constants: 40ml/kg/day for larger animals
60ml/kg/day for smaller animals
Rehydration rate + 40 or 60ml/kg/day
330ml + 60 = 390ml/day
On-going or increased fluid losses (estimated by measuring urine, fecal output,
nasogastric tube suction, vomitus volume and insensible losses increased with fever or
higher metabolic demands at a range rate of 15-20ml/kg/day)
390ml + 15ml = 405ml/day or 24hours
= 16.88ml/hr
60min
= 0.28 x 15 drops (microset drops = 1ml)
= 4.21gtt/min
12 November. Same line of treatment was as follows:
Biodyl® – 0.7cc IV
Canglob® – 2.9cc IV
Metronidazole – 19.8cc IV b.id.
13 November. Same line of treatment was done. The pup was brought outside for
basking and exercise. Its feces were bloody and fishy liquid. It was fed then medicated. Its
second dose of Canglob P® was administered.
14 November. Same line of treatment was followed since its first day but Canglob P®
was excluded. It displayed tenesmus though feces were hard to soft to unformed. It
frequently rubbed against the ground its anus. It ate a lot of mashed Pyramid Hill®. It was
brought home with each bottle of metronidazole, LC-vit® and molasses. (Intern: Crista
Iguid)
Patient Information: Bambi, a three-to-four-month-old 5.5kg brown with black fur bitch
Fig. 11. Bambi being infused with intravenous fluid.
Anamnesis: It had been anorexic, chocolate-like diarrhea and vomiting for about four
days. Alaxan® was administered prior to check-up. Its diet had been rice and table scraps.
Physical Examination: Initial temperature was 39ºC. It was lethargic, had tented skin, pale
mucous membrane, ocular mucoid discharge, dirty ears, dry nasal plane, no borborygmi
and axial lymphadenitis.
Laboratory examination:
Fecalysis - Protozoal infection
Diagnosis: Parvovirosis complicated with protozoan infection
Prognosis: Unguarded
Recommendations/Remarks: Infusion, metronidazole, Canglob P®. The patient smelled
like fresh from bathing when admitted of which it should not have been done. Pets are
not to be bathed if ill because this might add up to the stresses.
Charting:
15 November.
10:10am – Fluid infusion
10:12am – Medication: 0.6cc Biodyl®, 2.2cc Canglob P®, 0.6cc vitamin K, 5.5cc
metronidazole, 0.6cc Ornipural® IV
Vitamin K or phytomenadione was given for impaired hemostasis as seen with its
history of chocolate-like diarrhea.
Ornipural® is a preparation for stressed patients and helps in hepatic function.
06:09pm – Tachypneic breathing
06:10pm – Defecation of brownish liquid feces
06:11pm – Cold limbs; hot pack application
06: 12pm – Recumbency
06:16pm – Expiration (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient Information: Ruka, a three-month-old white female mixed-bred of Japanese Spitz
and terrier
Fig. 12. Ruka on the examination table for history and physical examination.
Anamnesis: It was inappetent last Saturday; anorexic and weakness progressed the next
day; had been voiding light brownish to reddish liquid stools. Multivitamins was
administered prior to check-up.
Physical Examination: It weighed 2.9kg and had a temperature of 39.2ºC. The patient
was lethargic, had tented skin due to dehydration, pale mucous membrane with capillary
refill time of more than three seconds, bilateral ocular discharges, clean ears, dry planum
nasale and non-auscultation of borborygmi.
Laboratory Examination:
Fecalysis - Proglottids on freshly voided feces
Immunocomb® test- Positive for parvovirosis
Tentative Diagnosis: Parasitism
Prognosis: Guarded
Recommendations/Remarks: Intravenous fluid infusion, metronidazole, Biodyl®, Canglob
P®, Ornipural®, vitamin K. The owner claimed that the seller of the dog dewormed it
but with the voided proglottids, standard deworming is doubtful. Being loaded with
parasites, the dog was predisposed to viral/bacterial/protozoan infection.
Charting:
15 November.
04:15pm – Fluid infusion of 5% dextrose lactated Ringer’s solution
04:20pm – Medication: 0.3cc Biodyl®, 1.16cc Canglob P®, 0.3cc vitamin K, 3cc
metronidazole and 0.3cc Ornipural® all given intravenously
05:00pm – Voided proglottids in mucoid brown liquid feces
05:15pm – Vomited undigested oatmeal in a pinkish liquid
07:30pm – Provide hot packs
07:35pm – Medicated with 0.6cc metoclopramide IV
08:07pm – Voided mucoid brown liquid feces
10:07pm – Vomited frothy clear liquid
03:08am – Increased respiratory rate of 37bpm
04:31am – Medicated with 0.6cc metronidazole IV
05:16am – Died; heartbeat ceased; no pupillary reflex (Intern: Crista Iguid)
#11-017 – Brewdy, four-month-old black Labrador weighing 7.5kg
Complaint: Inappetence for three days
Anamnesis: Vomiting for two days; cough
Diet: Table scraps
Temperature: 38.5ºC
General Appearance: Alert
Integumentary System: Clean
Mucous Membrane: Pinkish
CRT: less than 3sec
Fecalysis: 0-1 ovum Ancylostoma spp.
Diagnosis: Parasitism
Charting:
08 November.
05:30pm – Intravenous infusion of fluid; drug administration of Biodyl®, Ilium
Spasmogenic® and enrofloxacin
O9 November.
08:30am – Same line of treatment
09:30am – Urinated (yellowish); defecated (loose)
12:50pm – Forced feeding of molasses
01:00pm – Drank water
04:30pm – Administered Biodyl®, enrofloxacin and metronidazole
*transferred to Infectious Ward being suspected of parvovirosis
10 November.
08:00am – Forced fed molasses and Pyramid Hill®; drank water; HR-112BPM;
RR-19BPM; temperature-38.6ºC; defecated (bloody)
09:00am – Infused intravenously 5% dextrose lactated Ringer’s solution;
administered Biodyl® and enrofloxacin; ate Pyramid Hill®;drank water with molasses
04:00pm – Administered enrofloxacin
05:25pm – Discharge with take-home medicines:
enrofloxacin-#3, 1 tab s.i.d
Immunol-#14, 1 tab b.i.d.
dextrose powder-I bottle (Intern: Venus Casao)
#11-050 – Yogi, a two-month-old white male mongrel weighing 1.9kg
Fig. 13. Yogi voided adult roundworms.
Complaint: Inappetence
Diet: Table scraps
Fecalysis: Soft light brown; 0-1 ovum Taenia spp
Differential Diagnosis: Parvovirosis; parasitism
T: 38.9ºC
CRT: >3sec
Charting:
14 November.
01:00pm – Intravenous infusion of fluid; drug administration of Biodyl® and
metronidazole
02:00pm – Administered metoclopramide, vitamin C; dewormed
10:10pm – Defecated roundworms in a foul-smelling diarrhea; administered
Canglob P®
15 November.
08:15pm – Provided hot packs; 37.6ºC; HR-150BPM; RR-21BPM
08:50am – Infused fluid intravenously; administered Biodyl® and metronidazole
12:00pm – Vomited (frothy)
01:10pm – Drank water
10:55pm – Fecalysis (rod and cocci bacteria and unidentified protozoa seen under
oil emulsion)
16 November.
12:15am – Drank water
07:15am – T-38.8ºC; HR-155BPM; RR-32BPM
07:38am – Forced fed with 1ml molasses
09:30am – Intravenous infusion of fluid; administered Biodyl®, metronidazole
and cimitidine
01:48am – Ate table food
02:00am – Vitamin C administration
03:00am – IV infusion stopped; ate rice with meat and vegetable
09:00am – T-38.1ºC; HR-127BPM; RR-32BPM
09:30am – Ate rice with meat
09:45am – Urinated
10:30am – Administered cimetidine; forced fed molasses
17 November.
02:00pm – Administered metronidazole and B-complex vitamins; urinated; ate
rice with meat and vegetable; drank water, walked and exposed to the sun; discharged
(Intern: Venus T. Casao)
#11-060: Pearl, white and black female Shih-Tzu
Complaint: Consultation being its littermate diagnosed with parvovirosis
Laboratory:
Immunocomb® test kit - positive for parvovirosis and canine distemper
CBC
Hematocrit – 38
PCV – 38
Haemoglobin – 12.6
MCV – 60.31
RBC – 6.3
MCH – 20
WBC – 4
MCHC – 33.15
Charting:
17 November.
05:00pm – Administered Canglob P®, metronidazole and Amitop®
06:30pm – Forced fed by molasses
07:00pm – Drank water; urinated
11:30pm – Provided hot packs
18 November.
12:30pm – Administered Gembifer®; urinated
01:01pm – Drank water with dextrose powder
01:26pm – Ate rice
05:54pm – Administered metronidazole; discharged (Intern: Venus T. Casao)
November 7, 2011
Log Number: 06-183
Client: Amelita Icarangal
Patient: Shadow; Male; 8 years old; 19 kgs
Fig. 14 – 15. The patient at home taking a walk.
According to the owner, she noticed that her dog always vomitted right after he
finished his food since May 2011. During physical examination the following observations
were taken: emaciated but very active, responsive, and apparently normal. X-ray result
revealed that the stomach and the upper duodenal part was inflammed and with ulcers
based on the interpretation of the radiologost. Fecalysis result revealed that the dog was
also positive for hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum 0-1).
The dog was dewormed and the resident vet advised to the owner that the
treatment program for her dog would be a long-term treatment, so continuous
medication plus soft diet was recommended.
Take-home medicines were the following:
a. Omeprazole (#7)
- To be taken 30 minutes before meal once a day for a week. It blocks the final
step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity.
b. Hepasyl (#7)
- once a day for a week to protect the liver
c. Mondex/Oral Dextrose (1 bottle)
- mix in drinking water (2tbs/glass of water) daily to rehydrate the dog
d. Molasses (1 bottle)
- 5ml once a day to strengthen the animals body condition; act as an appetite
stimulant
e. Pyramid (1 can)
- Soft diet
The owner returned after a week, and according to her, there was vomiting after
eating but stopped in two 2 days after taking the take-home medicines. After a week the
owner returned at the clinic to buy Hepasyl (#7), dewormer (#3), and omeprazole (#7)
to continue her animal’s treatment. (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 8, 2011
Log Number: 11-015
Client: Edgar Pico
Patient: Raffy; Male; 9 weeks old; 4.6 kgs
The complaint of the owner are the following: inappetence for two days,
vomiting (frothy) for a day and foul smell loose stool. During physical examination the
following observations were taken: Dehydrated (5%), weak, with external parasites, pale
mucous membrane, dry nasal plane, empty stomach, and slow CRT (3sec). Fecalysis
result revealed that the puppy was positive for Ancylostoma caninum(0-1).
Vitamin supplementation (Biodyl - 0.5ml, IV, SID; Ornipural – 0.5ml, IV, SID) and
prophylactic drugs (metronidazole – 7ml, slow IV, BID; metoclopramide - 0.4ml, IV, SID)
were given to the dog via the IV line (0.9% saline) for 2 days. On the 2nd day the owner
was adviced to take home his dog because he can eat already and also to avoid
nosocomial infection because we have four patients that were all highly positive for
parvoviral infection. The deworming schedule was scheduled after a week. The following
were the take home medicines:
a. Metronidazole (#5)
- To be taken ½ tab twice a day
- An antibiotic, anti-amoeba, and anti-protozoal drug
b. Vitamin supplementation (LC-vit)
- 1ml once a day; to strengthen the animals body condition.
c. Mondex/Oral Dextrose (1 bottle)
- To be mix in drinking water (2tbs/glass of water) daily to rehydrate the animal
d. Molasses (2ml)
- to strengthen the animals body condition; acts as an appetite stimulant.
e. Pyramid (1 can)
- Soft diet
Tentatively the disease of the puppy can be a mild respiratory infection and/ viral
infection due to the early signs observed by the owner and during hospitalization. (Intern:
Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 9, 2011
Log Number: 11-022
Client: Carlos Fernando
Patient: Budoy; Male; 2 weeks old; 4.4 kgs
Fig. 16 – 18. Recovering Budoy voided semi-solid feces.
The complaint of the owner were the following: inappetence for a week,
vomiting (frothy) for 2 days and foul smell loose stool. During physical examination the
following observations were taken: dehydrated (8%), weak, with external parasites, dry
and dirty coat, pale mucous membrane, dry nasal plane, empty stomach, and slow CRT
(3sec). It was also noticed that the upper jaw was inflammed, the permanent toothe
starts to come out. Fecalysis result revealed that the puppy was positive for Ancylostoma
caninum(0-1) and Toxocara canis (0-1).
Vitamin supplementation (Biodyl - 0.5ml, IV, SID; Vit. K – 0.5ml, IV, SID;
Ornipural – 0.5ml, IV, SID) and prophylactic drugs (metronidazole – 6.6ml, slow IV, BID;
Ilium Spasmolytic – 0.5ml, IV, SID; Canglob P – 1.8ml, IV, SID) are given to the dog via
the IV line (D5LRS) during the first 2 days. On the 3rd day only the metronidazole, Biodyl,
Canglob P, and Ornipural were given in the morning. The puppy starts to eat little so
addition of molasses (2ml, PO, BID) to the diet was incorporated; Rimadyl (1tab,SID) was
also given to stop inflammation on the upper jaw. On the 4th-6th days of confinement,
all drugs (B-com – 1tab, SID; Liv 52 – 1tab, SID; Rimadyl – 1tab, SID, Metronidazole – ½
tab, BID) are given via oral route. On the 6th day, enema was applied because he cannot
defecate, then after 5 minutes he defecated already. Budoy was discharged on the 6th day
and dewormed.
There were take-home medicines for Budoy, but the owner said that he cannot
afford to pay all the bills plus the medicines.
Tentatively, the disease of the puppy can be early stage of viral infection
(parvoviral infection) because the dog showed a response to the drugs given to him after
48 hours of hospitalization and oral infection due to the errupting permanent tooth.
(Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 9, 2011
Log Number: 11-034
Client: Derek Amango
Patient: Helsing; Male; 7 months old; 17 kgs
Fig. 19 – 20. Recovering Helsing.
The complaint of the owner were the following: inappetence for 2 days, vomiting
(watery) for a day. Not yet dewormed and without any vaccination. During physical
examination the following observations were taken: alert/apparently normal, pale
mucous membrane, dry nasal plane, empty stomach, wheezing sound during respiration
was heard during auscultation, and slow CRT (3sec), the dog also had a fever. Fecalysis
result revealed that the puppy was positive for Ancylostoma caninum(0-1) under HPO.
Days 1 and 2, I gave paracetamol (1.7ml, IM,SID); Biodyl (1.7ml, IV, SID); and
Marbocyl (1.7ml, IM, SID). On the 3rd-4th day the dog can already eat, so all treatments
were given via the oral route. It was discharged on the 5th day. The following were the
take home medicines:
a. Molasses (1 bottle)
- 5ml once a day to strengthen the animals body condition; act as an appetite
stimulant.
b. Carnitab (#7)
- Once a day
c. Pyramid (1 can)
- Soft diet
The owner returned the dog after a week for deworming. Tentatively, the disease
of the dog was respiratory infection based on the observations and type of respiration
exhibited by the dog and also parasitism. (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 15, 2011
Log Number: 11-054
Client: Joselito Castillo
Patient: Tiny; Female; 3 months old; 1.4 kgs
Fig. 21 – 22. Tiny before admitted and when admitted.
Fig. 23 – 25. The test kit used for the confirmative diagnosis for parvovirosis.
The complaint of the owner were the following: inappetence for 4 days, vomiting
(frothy) for 2 days, and foul smell loose stool. It was not yet dewormed and vaccinated.
During physical examination the following observations were taken: weak, shivering, pale
mucous membrane, dry nasal plane, empty stomach, and slow CRT (3sec). Fecalysis
result revealed that the puppy was positive for Toxocara canis (0-1) under HPO. The
puppy was also highly positive for parvoviral infection.
Vitamin supplementation (Biodyl - 0.15ml, IV, SID; Vit. K – 0.35ml, IV, SID;
Ornipural – 0.15ml, IV, SID) and prophylactic drugs (metronidazole – 2.1ml, slow IV, BID;
Canglob P – 1.8ml, IV, SID) were given to the puppy via the IV line (0.9% saline) during
day 1. On day 2, the puppy started to eat but little so I gave 1ml of Molasses (BID) to
stimulate the appetite of the animal. Drugs given were LC-vit (1ml, SID) and
metronidazole (0.18ml, BID). The puppy was ready for discharge on the 3rd day. The
following were the take home medicines:
a. Molasses (1 bottle)
- 1ml once a day to strengthen the animal’s body condition; acts as an appetite
stimulant.
b. Flagex/Metronidazole (1 bottle)
- 0.18ml, BID; an anti-biotic, anti-amoeba, and anti-protozoal drug.
c. Pyramid (1 can)
- Soft diet
d. Vitamin supplementation (LC-vit)
- 1ml, SID; to continuously strenghen the animal’s body condition.
The owner was adviced to returned his puppy after a week for deworming and
for immunization. The disease of the dog was parvoviral infection as revealed by the kit
used. (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 16, 2011
Log Number: 11-060
Client: Armando Punzalan
Patient: Hillary; Female; 7 weeks old old; 1.7 kgs
Fig. 26 – 28. The admitted patient being infused with intravenous fluid and its semi-solid
feces.
The complaint of the owner were the following: inappetence for two days,
vomiting (watery) for two days, and reddish brown loose stool. Not yet dewormed and
without any vaccination. According to the daughter of the owner, she gaved about 50
grams of Cadbury chocolate three days before they brought the puppy at the animal
hospital. During physical examination the following observations were taken: weak,
shivering, pale mucous membrane, salivation, dry nasal plane, empty stomach, and slow
CRT (3sec). Fecalysis result revealed that the puppy was positive for Ancylostoma
caninum (0-2) under HPO. The puppy was also highly positive for parvoviral infection.
Vitamin supplementation (Biodyl - 0.17ml, IV, SID) and prophylactic drugs
(metronidazole – 2.6ml, slow IV, BID; Canglob P – 0.7ml, IV, SID; metoclopramide 0.14ml, IV, as needed) were given to the puppy via the IV line (0.9% saline) and atropine
(0.2ml, SC, once) during day 1. On the 2nd day, the puppy still didn’t like to eat and still
vomiting (frothy) so same medications were given to her except the atropine. On the 3rd
day, I gave her anti-viral drug (Canglob P) 0.7ml via the SC route and she can eat already
so oral medications were given to her (Flagex/metronidazole - 0.18ml, BID; Gembifer -
0.5ml, SID). The puppy was ready for discharge on the 4th day. The following are the
take home medicines:
a. Flagex/metronidazole (1 bottle)
- 0.18ml, BID; an anti-biotic, anti-amoeba, and anti-protozoal drug.
b. Mondex/oral dextrose (1 bottle)
- To be mix in drinking water (2tbs/glass of water) daily to rehydrate the animal
c. Gembifer (1 bottle)
- 0.5ml, SID; to continuously strenghen the animal’s body condition.
e. Pyramid (1 can)
- Soft diet
The owner was adviced to returned his puppy after a week for deworming and
follow-up check up. The disease of the dog was parvoviral infection as revealed by the kit
used. (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 18, 2011
Log Number: 11-073
Client: Julius Caliguing
Patient: Chloe; Female; 1 year and 1 month old; 3.8 kgs
Fig. 29 – 34. The patient showing the injured eye.
According to the owner, his dog’s eye was scratched by the other dog 3 days
before he brought Chloe at the animal hospital. During physical examination on the eye,
it was observed that the affected eye still responsed/moved to the light (penlight) used to
checked the vision. So Dr. J. Runas instructed me to just clean the affected eye with clean
cloth soaked in luke warm water to removed the dirt and to cut the hairs surrounding the
affected eye to avoid contamination.
Before cleaning the eye, we injected Tolfine (0.5ml, IM) and Amoxicillin LA
(0.5ml, IM). After cleaning the eye, we put 1 drop of eye dropper (Timolol). Take home
medicines are the following:
a. Vitamin supplementation (LC-vit)
- 1ml, SID; to continuously strenghen the animal’s body condition.
b. Rimadyl
- 1 tab daily for 5 days; an anti-inflammatory drug.
c. Amoxicillin capsule (250mg)
- 1 cap daily for 5 days; an anti-biotic.
d. Timolol
- 1 drop twice a day after cleaning the eye with cloth soaked in luke warm
water.
The owner was adviced to returned his dog 1 week after for follow-up check up.
(Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 19, 2011
Log Number: 11-078; OPD
Client: Aprylle Kate Munoz
Patient: Hatchiko; Male; 5 months old; 4.9 kgs
Fig. 35 – 40. Showing the yellowing gum, conjunctiva, and paw.
The complaint of the owner are the following: inappetence for 5 days and reddish
brown loose stool. Not yet dewormed and without any vaccination. They just got the
puppy on the garbage 2 months ago. During physical examination, it was observed the
yellowish discoloration of the gums, paws, inguinal part and the eye. When Dr. Melly
saw the puppy and the PCV, she told the owner that her dog will be subjected to
euthanasia because the dog might have Canine Infectious Hepatitis based on the color of
the puppy during physical examination and it can be transferable to human. The owner
was also advice to disinfect their house and the sorroundings of their house. (Intern:
Maria Cristina Beltran)
B. Non-infectious
Patient: Yankee
Procedure/s done: Its weight and temperature were taken prior to vaccination and
deworming. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Curvy
Procedure/s done: Its weight and temperature were taken prior to vaccination and
deworming. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Boycha
Procedure/s done: Its weight and temperature were taken prior to vaccination and
deworming. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Nike, a one-year-old Bassethound
Anamnesis: Being a first timer bitch, Nike had a hard-time whelping. It whelped its first
pup independently but the gap for the birth of its second pup alarmed its owner bringing
it to the animal hospital for assistance.
Procedure/s done: Oxcytocin was administered to help Nike induce loosening of its pelvis
and dilatation of cervix. Whelping was over at around 4:30pm. Eight pups were
delivered. Its last pup seemed mummified. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Twinkle, a seven-month-old tricolor female mongrel
Anmanesis: It was admitted for the chief complaint of having been eaten a plastic and
became anorexic. Fecal sample was brownish red.
Procedure/s done: The line of treatment was as follows:
Metronidazole – 10ml, slow IVb.i.d.
Septotryl® – 1ml, slow IV
Vitamin K – 0.1ml, IV
Biodyl® – 1ml, IV
A wound was seen on its medial right hindlimb. It was dabbed with iodine. It was
discharged after its appetite got okay. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Sharky, a three-month-old tuxedo male mongrel
Procedure/s done: Its vaccination was updated. 6-in-1/CPV-DHLP-CV (Canine ParvovirusDistemper-Hepatitis-Leptospirosis-Parainfluenza-Coronavirus) and antirabies shots were
given. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Holie, one-year-seven-month-old mongrel
Procedure/s done: Antirabies was given. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Justin, a six-month-old brown male mongrel weighing 6kg
Fig. 41 – 42. Justin admitted for the first day before the abdominocentesis
(right photo) and the aspirated fluid (left).
Anmanesis: It was admitted for its distended abdomen.
Procedure/s done:
Charting:
09 November. It was confined in the non-infectious area, infused with 5% dextrose
lactated Ringer’s solution and medicines were as follows:
Furosemide – 2cc, IV
Ornipural® – 0.6cc, IV
Biodyl® – 0.6cc, IV s.i.d.
10 November. 500ml was aspirated intra-abdominally. Urine was continuous
dripping from its penis and also from the puncture area. It was walked outside for a while
and was tried to be fed with mashed Pyramid Hill®. Since it had a good appetite,
Sambong® was given and also dewormed, Liv-52®, good for the liver, was also given PO.
It was fed with a little of Pyramid Hill® at around 04:00pm.
11 November. It was fed with mashed Pyramid Hill®. It was medicated with
Sambong® and Liv-52®.
12 November. It was brought outside for sun bathing and exercise. While it was tied, I
tidied up its cage. I noticed numerous drippings of urine that dried up and the poop was
seemed to be hard. Justin was fed with Pyramid Hill® mashed in lukewarm water. It was
medicated with each tablet of Sambong® and Liv-52®. Sambong®, Blumea balsamifera, is
categorized as diuretic or anti-urolithiasis. It is indicated for urinary tract pain and burning
sensations, to increase urinary output in condition characterized by fluid retention or
edema and for kidney stones. Liv-52® contains herbs indicated for hepatic damage and
dysfunction, ascites, jaundice and cirrhosis of liver: adjuvant in the management of canine
and feline viral hepatitis, distemper and parvovirus infection; anorexia or hepatic origin,
convalescence following debilitation; supportive therapy in antibiotic and antiparasitic
drug therapy, hematoprotective in toxicity associated with drugs, pesticides and other
chemicals; as growth promoter and metabolic stimulant and as supportive therapy in
post-operative care. At 1:00pm, it defecated. Feces was loose and unformed. Catheter
was removed after no resistance was sensed upon insertion. Abdominocentesis was done
after whereon same color of fluid of about 20ml was aspirated from almost same site of
puncture as of November 09. DL-methionine® was opted over Sambong®. DLmethionine® is a urinary acidifier that assists in the treatment of cystitis and alkaline
susceptible urinary calculi in dogs and cats. It also aids in the prevention of fatty liver in
dogs. For the afternoon, medications included Rimadyl® which is a carprofen.
13 November. Justin was fed with same diet. After about thirty minutes after eating, it
vomited what it ate then defecated. Water was provided. DL-methionine® was given
since Sambong®, B-complex and Liv-52® were vomited. Molasses was also given per
orem.
14 November. It was fed and medicated then brought outside. Feces seen were
unformed so metronidazole was added to the usual medicines. The owner was notified
for its possible release for the day so bills were prepared and so with the take-home
medicines comprising of Sambong® good for 7 days, 1 bottle of molasses, B-com good
for 5 days for continued neural repair. It was weighed as 5.1kg that had decreased from
6.6kg from its first day. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Whity, a white female mongrel pup
Procedure/s done: Deticking, de-flea-ing and deworming (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Saki, a five-month-old brownish mixed-bred dog
Procedure/s done: It was castrated. (Intern: Crista Iguid)
Patient: Shamcey
Procedure/s done: It was vaccinated with 5-in-1/CPV-DHLP (Canine ParvovirusDistemper-Hepatitis-Leptospirosis-Parainfluenza). (Intern: Crista Iguid)
#11-038 – Zannah, a six-month-old female tri-color terrier weighing 15.2kg
Complaint: Pus dripping from genitalia
Anamnesis: Pus was seen the day before; inappetence then set in
Diet: Table scraps
Last Vaccination: Antirabies (Rabisin®)
Diagnosis: Pyometra
Charting:
11 November. Vaginal lavage; administered B-complex vitamins
12 November. Uterine lavage; administered B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, Uterex®
and amoxicillin LA
19 November. Follow-up check-up; uterine lavage; administered B-complex vitamins,
vitamin C and Uterex®; take-home medicines of #4 amoxicillin LA ( 1 tablet b.i.d.), #7
Pet-tabs® ( 1 tablet s.i.d.) and #4 mefenamic acid ( 1 tablet b.i.d.) (Intern: Venus Casao)
#6041: Aki, brown Chow-chow
Laboratory: negative for fecalysis (Intern: Venus Casao)
November 7, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-012
Client: Jonathan Villagracia
Patient: Kobi; Male; 1 ½ months old
- Deworming (1/2 tab Proxantel); Vaccination (5 in 1)
2. Log Number:
Client: Benito Beniking
- 3 sacks of Strike
3. Log Number:
Client: June Sab-it
- Semen; AI catheter (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 8, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-016
Client: Florian Leygo
Patient: Chacha; Female; 7 weeks old
- Vaccination (5 in 1)
2. Log Number: 10-174
Client: Jane Ferrer
Patient: Bambi; Male; 2 months old
- Deworming (1/2 tab Proxantel); Bought Bronchure (Intern: Maria Cristina
Beltran)
November 9, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-020
Client: Jhun-jhun Cosme
Patient: Kobi; Male; 2 ½ months old
- Deworming (Ivermectin); Vaccination (B-com supplementation)
2. Log Number: 11-021
Client: Junella Meman
Patient: Lily; Female; 2 years old
- Vaginal Smear (Pro-estrus); Bought Vitamin(LC-vit)
3. Log Number: 11-025
Client: Ronnie Bassit
Patient: Holie; Female; 3 years and 8 months old
- Deworming (3 ½ tab Proxantel); Vaccination (Anti-rabies)
Log Number: 11-031
Patient: Lust; Male; 5 years old
- Deworming (4tab Proxantel); Vaccination (Anti-rabies)
Log Number: 11-032
Patient: Lassy; Male; 6 years old
- Deworming (4½ tab Proxantel); Vaccination (Anti-rabies) (Intern: Maria
Cristina Beltran)
4. Log Number: 11-033
Client: Montgomery Mang-osan
Patient: Bruno; Male; 2 months old
- Ear suturing (Left ear has been torn/bitten by the mother of the puppy) (Intern:
Maria Cristina Beltran)
5. Log Number:
Client: John Masiong
- Semen; AI Catheter (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 11, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-040
Client: Elizabeth Salasa
- Bought Ivermectin (.5ml) and 3ml syringe
2. Log Number: 10-028
Client: Ann Btinay
Patient: Shamcey; Female; 3 months old
- Vaccination (5 in 1; Anti-rabies)
3. Log Number:
Client: Evelyn Ngilangil
Patient: Pups; Female; 4 months old
- Vaccination (Bronchicine) (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 14, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-052
Client: Julia Agayo
Patient: Whity; Female; 5 months old
- Deworming (1/2 tab Proxantel); Bought vitamin (LC-vit)
2. Log Number: 11-007
Client: Junella Meman
Patient: 2 puppies; Female and Male; 2 weeks old
- Tail docking (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 15, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-053
Client: Joann Tip-ac
Patient: Trisha; Female; 3 years old
- X-ray (Referral – Pregnancy diagnosis) (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 17, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-065, 066, 067, 068, 069
Client: Dominga Cachero
Patient: Puppy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; Male, Male, Female, Female, Female; 6 wks. old all
- Deworming (1.3ml Wormban each); Vaccination (5 in 1)
Log Number: 04-146
Patient: Kidor
- Vaccination (Bronchicine) (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
November 18, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-077
Client: Vianney Basikinas
Patient: Puppy; Male; 2 months old
- Deworming (1/2 Tab Proxantel); Bought vitamin (LC-vit) (Intern: Maria
Cristina Beltran)
November 19, 2011
1. Log Number: 11-078
Client: Apryl Kate Munoz
Patient: Hachiko; Male; 5 months old
- For check-up (Positive for infectious canine hepatitis)
- Eutahnasia
2. Log Number: 11-079
Client: Roanne Rubang
Patient: Hatchy; Male; 2 months old
Deworming (1/2 tab Canex); Bought vitamin (Liv 52 – 7 tabs; LC-vit) and
Pyramid Hill
3. Log Number: 10-079
Client: Montgomery Mang-osan
Patient: Bubbles; Female; 3 weeks old
- For check-up (ehrlichia kit); Negative result
4. Log Number: 11-080
Client: Sheila Rose Basilio
Patient: Russele; Male; 8 weeks old
- Vaccination (6 in 1); Bought vitamin (LC-vit)
5. Log Number: 11-081
Client: Janelle Marzan
Patient: Troy; Male; 7 weeks old
- Vaccination (5 in 1); Bought vitamin (LC-vit) (Intern: Maria Cristina Beltran)
-
Aquatic Station:
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Regional Mariculture Technodemo Center
Lucap, Alaminos City, Pangasinan
and
Fish Health Laboratory
Dagupan City, Pangasinan
On
21 November-03 December 2011
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
The BFAR is the government agency responsible for the development,
management and conservation of the country’s fisheries and aquatic resources. It was
reconstituted as a line bureau by virtue of Republic Act No. 8550 (Philippine Fisheries
Code of 1998). The bureau is under the Department of Agriculture. The entire Philippines
was divided into ten fishery districts, each with a District Fishery Officer as head. The
headquarters of the ten fishery districts were located in strategic places in the different
fishinf regions: Fishery District No. 1-Aparri, Cagayan; 2-Dagupan City; 3-Manila; 4-Naga
City; 5-Catbalogan, Samar; 6-Iloilo City; 7-Coron, Palawan; 8-Cebu City; and 10Zamboanga City.
The facilities, located at the Regional Mariculture Technology Demonstration
Center (RMaTDeC), include a land-based mariculture holding facility, plastic liner covered
pond, abalone hatchery, siganid hatchery, aqua zoo, and an administration training and
dormitory building.
II.
A.
DUTY STATIONS
Food Preparation
Activities:
 Culture of Rotifer species. These are food for the Chlorella species.
 Culture of Chlorella species. These are food for the juvenile aquatic species.
B.
Production
Abalone:
 Cleaning
of ponds. After the juvenile abalones are fished out from the
tanks, the tanks are drained for refilling of clean water.
 Feeding the breeders with seaweeds. After the tanks are refilled with water,
seaweeds good for 24-hour consumption are provided.
 Checking for gravid abalone for breeding. Gravid abalones are contained
in a separate net for breeding.
 Sizing and counting of juvenile abalones. Juvenile abalones are fished out
from the tanks and are sorted.
Tilapia:
 Feeding. Since tilapia are surface feeders, floating feeds are provided.
Sea Cucumber:
 Spawning. Batches of 30-45 individuals (average weight 500g) are needed
to induce spawning. When relying on wild broodstock, ripe and healthy broodstock must
be collected during the spawning season. Transport wild broodstock individually in
oxygen-filled bags with seawater, using insulated containers at 27-30ºC. Avoid changes in
temperature and other shocks during transport. Broodstock can be conditioned by
keeping them in: (a) tanks (15-30animals/1000l) with a sand or mud substratum, with
flow-through seawater and a supply of food; (b) sea pens of 800m2 at densities of
<200g/ m2; and (c) earthen ponds at densities of <250g/m2 with continuous water
exchange. Ponds used to hold broodstock require management to avoid high
temperatures and low dissolved oxygen caused by stratification due to heavy rain. Salinity
must be maintained within the range of 28-36ppt.
Seabass:
 Feeding. Sinking feeds are provided for these fishes.
 Sizing. The juvenile fishes are fished out from the
pond to be sorted.
Bigger ones are released into the tanks labelled for such size. Smaller ones are released
back into the pond.
C. Water Quality Monitoring.
Shellfish collection and labelling of samples for toxin analysis. A cluster of green
mussels (Perna viridis) set in a basket should be hanged at the intermediate depth from a
bamboo pole or a raft. The depth of the settlement of the net is depending on the total
depth of each station established in the sampling areas. The green mussels in the basket
nets will be regularly samples for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin monitoring. If
the green mussels are not available, oysters are also used for PSP toxin monitoring the
same in green mussels.
Methods of Collection:
1.
Collect about 20-30specimens of green mussels (the number depends on
the size, as long as it will give a tissue of about 100g) weekly from pre-established
sampling stations in affected waters.
2.
Clean the fresh shellfish by scrubbing the mud, silt and other adhering
materials.
3.
Keep the shellfish samples in a net bag or plastic container with proper
label and store in a cooler while on board.
Plankton sampling. Plankton samples can be collected by hauling the plankton net
(20um mesh size) vertically at least 1.5m above the sea bottom to the surface water to
qualitatively observe/determine the population of toxic dinoflagellate species. By the
same technique, a large amount of cells of the toxic species can be collected by repeating
the vertical hauling for toxin quantification to confirm the toxicity of natural cells. In
order to compare the toxicity in planktonic cells with that in the shellfish, it is necessary
that this collection must be done exactly where the shellfish samples are collected.
Operation of plankton net:
1.
Determine the depth of the sampling station.
2.
Tie the plankton net with a calibrated rope (1-meter interval) and tie a 1kg
weight to the narrow end of the net to make it sink in the water.
3.
Lower the plankton net to the desired depth with at least 1m clearance
from the bucket and sea bottom. Once the total sampling depth is known, a 1m depth
should be subtracted from the sea bottom. This 1m is the total of the clearance and length
of the plankton net. For instance, given a total depth, which means an allowance of only
1 m from the sea bottom should be made. The length from mouth of the net to the cod
end is 0.5m, therefore plankton is collected 1.5m above the bottom of the ocean to the
surface of water.
4.
Haul the net slowly (0.5m/sec) and vertically up the surface.
5.
Raise and wash the net and its cod-end several times by shaking the net in
the water.
6.
Transfer the concentrated samples in a 500ml polyethylene bottle and
keep under cool condition.
Water Depth. Measurement of water depth is also important to know the effect
of tidal change of each station and to determine the vertical depth of plankton net
hauling. In order to measure the depth of the established stations, lower a weight of 5001000g that is tied at the one end of a calibrated rope. The depth can be obtained at the
level where the sounding line stops.
Transparency. A Secchi disk is slowly lowered at the sheltered side of the boat,
and the exact depth where the disk is no longer visible is recorded. Determine the water
transparency by getting the length of which the white disk is last visible from above.
Water temperature. Using the alcohol type thermometer, determine the
temperature of surface water.
Salinity. Data on salinity provides information on the effect of fresh water run-off
to the monitoring area. But this important data is optional for economic reason because
this entails the use of expensive chemical agents and apparatus during titration analysis.
Fig. 43 – 46. Water quality monitoring and sizing of fingerlings.
Fig. 47. A sea cucumber ejaculating.
Wildlife Station:
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
Wildlife Rescue Center and Mini-zoo
Quezon Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City
On
05 - 17 December 2011
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FARM
The PAWB-WRCM is established as a temporary shelter for donated, rescued,
abandoned and confiscated endemic, indigenous and exotic wildlife from Metro Manila
and nearby provinces. All wild animals brought into the Center undergo the necessary
health quarantine and rehabilitation period. Endemic and indigenous wild animals found
physically are eventually released back into their natural habitats following standard
protocol. Those unfit individuals as well as exotic ones are displayed in the Mini-zoo to
promote public awareness, appreciation and support to the conservation of the country’s
wildlife resources and their habitats.
The Center is also a source of display animals for legitimate zoological parks and
research specimens for academic and scientific institutions. It is also a living laboratory for
veterinary and biology students and other wildlife enthusiasts.
*Endemic wildlife – species or subspecies which is naturally occurring and found only
within specific areas in the country
*Indigenous wildlife – species or subspecies of wildlife naturally established population in
the country
*Exotic wildlife – species or subspecies which do not occur naturally in the country
II. PAWB-WRCM DUTY STATIONS
A. Clinic and Quarantined Animals
Activities:
 Cleaning the aquariums and changing the water for the turtles
 Dispose excreta from under the animals’ cages
 Sweep dried leaves around the premises of station
 Provide food and water for the caged birds
 Wrapping with proper labelling of expired patients
 Medication of patients
 Accepting and properly recording of donated, rescued or
animals
B. Primates and Snakes
Activities:
 Cleaning the cages/terrariums
 Provision of drinking water
 Feeding
 Dispose excreta from under the primates’ cages
 Sweep dried leaves around the premises of station
C.
Lizards and Other Mammals
Activities:
 Cleaning the cages
 Provision of drinking water
confiscated
 Feeding
 Dispose excreta from under the animals’ cages
 Sweep dried leaves around the premises of station
D.
Raptors
Activities:
 Flushing off of excreta on the cages
 Provision of drinking water
 Feeding
 Sweep dried leaves around the premises of station
E.
Avian and Turtles
Activities:
 Changing the aquarium’s water; flushing off of the avian excreta
 Feeding
 Sweep dried leaves around the premises of station
F.
Food Preparation
Activities:
 Washing and peeling fruits and crops readied for chopping
 Preparing the food supplements for animals that need them most
 Thawing the frozen goods such as the beef or other meat stored in for the
carnivorous animals
 Slicing the meat into equal proportion
G.
Necropsy
Activities:
 Performing the necropsies on expired animals with proper documentation
 Recording of documentation
Fig. 48. Feeding the Brahminy kites.
Fig. 50. Dressing a wound of a raptor.
Fig. 49. Doing the weekly necropsy.
Fig. 51. Staining a blood smear.
Laboratory Station:
Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic LaboratoryCordillera Administrative Region,
Santo Tomas Road, Green Valley, Baguio City
On
09 - 13 January 2012
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
Mission: To improve farmers’ income by increasing animal productivity thru provision of
efficient and affordable disease diagnostic services
Objectives:
General: To provide laboratory diagnostic services that supports the research,
development and regulatory functions of the Department of Agriculture.
Specific:
1. Perform and conduct various laboratory tests which are very necessary in the
diagnosis of animal diseases.
2. Conduct research study on animal health and animal diseases.
3. Perform collaborative functions with the Bureau of Animal Industry and other
government institutions on animal disease control programs.
4. Serve as training ground for veterinary and agriculture students.
II. INTERN ACTIVITIES
A. Necropsy
B. Rabies Examination
1. Direct Microscopic examination
2. Fluorescent antibody technique
C. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology
*Microscopic Examination of Feces
 Simple/direct smear
 Sugar floatation technique
 Sedimentation technique
Fig. 52 – 53. The making of a sugar solution for the fecal examination. The group
staining his/her sample of a tissue swab.
Fig. 54. Geared up for the preparation of the sample.
Large Animal Practice
Ruminant Station:
Philippine Carabao Center-CLSU National Bull Farm,
Digdig, Carranglan
Nueva Ecija
On
29 January – 18 February 2012
Group Members:
Beltran, Maria Cristina C.
Casao, Venus O.
Iguid, Crista M.
Panawan, Clarence N.
I.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
In 1992, after PCARRD-coordinated UNDP-FAO project, the Philippine
government realized the need to institutionalize the Carabao Development Program.
Through Republic Act 7307 or better known as the Philippine Carabao Act of 1992, the
Philippine Carabao Center was born. The law was signed on March 27, 1992 and
operationalized on April 1, 1993.
Mandate: The Philippine Carabao Center is an attached agency of the Department of
Agriculture. PCC is mandated to conserve, propagate and promote the carabao as a
source of milk, meat, draft and hide to benefit the rural farmers.
Vision: A premier institution promoting profitable and sustainable carabao-based
enterprises designed to improve the income and nutrition of rural farming communities.
Mission: To improve the general well-being of rural farming communities through
carabao genetic improvement, technology development and dissemination and
establishment of carabao-based enterprises thus ensuring higher income and better
nutrition.
II. INTERN ACTIVITIES
A. Animal Health Section
Activities:
 Vaccination. Vaccination for the year was completed so the group was not
able to administer shots for the carabao.
 Medication. With two groups in 2s in a rotation manner, Clarence-Crista
group was able to help in the medication of three cara-bulls suspected of
schistosomiasis. At a dose of 40mg/kg, the computed doses in tablets of praziquantel
were powdered and mixed in feeds to mask the drug. Another cara-bull with limping
on the right hindlimb on the hock was medicated with dexamethasone and norfloxacin.
40ml each of the drugs were given intramuscularly for two days b.i.d.
 Blood collection. On February 12, all the cara-bulls were subjected for
blood sampling. Together with two sixth year student clinicians from Central Luzon
State University, Clarence-Crista group assisted in the process. Samples were divided
into two, blood samples for heparinised testtubes for whole blood sampling and the
ones for plain testtubes for serum sampling.
 Bull preparation prior to semen collection. As part of the artificial
insemination bull preparation is very important. A power spray is used to bathe the
bulls before collection. Lugol’s solution added to warm water is used to wash the
prepuce of the cara-bulls to be collected from through the prepuce washer.
 Barn
cleaning. While the cara-bulls are brought out for sun basking, the
barns are cleaned. The excreta are disposed with the use of spade and wheelbarrow.
The floors and walls are flushed with water.
 Feeding and Watering. After cleaning, the waterers are filled with water
for ready access of water. First things first, feeds are given in the morning. After which,
hays are given dressed with molasses believed to make the hay more palatable. Napier
grasses are given later. Later in the afternoon, hays are given again.
B. Semen Processing Laboratory
Activities:
 Semen Collection. Semen is collected by the use of artificial vagina twice a
week at 6:00 to 7:00 in the morning. Complete bath are given to the water buffalos
before actual collection. The parts of an artificial vagina (casing, inner lining, rubber
funnel and collecting tube) are first sterilized under ultra violet rays before use. The AV
is prepared by filling the interior cavity of inner liner rubber with warm water (4052ºC) and is pumped with an optimum pressure of air.
 Semen Evaluation. The samples’ macroscopic volume, color, consistency,
pH, motility and sperm concentration are recorded.
 Dilution. Extender and buffer are added to the semen. Extender consists of
20% egg yolk, distilled water, 7% glycerol as cryoprotectant, streptomycin and
penicillin. Buffer solution consists of trisodium hydroxymethyl aminomethane, citric
acid monohydrate, fructose and raffinose.
 Filling
and Sealing. Straw is filled with semen using vacuum pump.
Polyvinyl chloride powder is used for sealing. Color coding is used, yellow for the first
ejaculate, red for the second, green for the third and black for the native cara-bull’s.
The straws then are placed in the water bath to complete the sealing. The
concentration of semen per straw is approximately 50 million.
 Glycerolization. It starts after the addition of extender with glycerol for at
least four hours wherein the glycerol and other components of extender to equilibrate
with the spermatozoa.
 Post Thaw Motility Evaluation. Samples are taken from the sealed straws
of semen for evaluation before storage.
 Storage/Distribution. Straws of frozen semen that passed the evaluation are
stored for future use.
*A new machine automated for printing, filling and sealing of the straws was just
delivered on February 14 and is now on use. So with the new equipment for sterilizing
and heating of artificial vaginas is now on use. The new equipments were donated by
Korea International Assistance Agency (KOICA).
Fig. 55. Bathing a bull from a power spray.
Fig. 56. A preputial wash with a Lugol’s solution done everyday.
Fig. 57. Performing a rectal examination on a non-pregnant cara-cow.
Fig. 58. Administering the norfloxacin and dexamethasone.