Causes of Urban Flooding
0%
20%
Drainage syatem
28%
7%
11%
16%
18%
The weather
Management of urbanization
Management of environment
Dam break
Pollution
This pie chart describes about the causes of urban flooding. There are total of seven
causes or options like drainage system, weather, and management of urbanization,
management of environment, dam break, pollution and others.
More people think that drainage system causes the urban flooding which shows the
highest percentage (28%). 20% of cause of urban flooding is pollution, 18% is the
management of urbanization and management of environment take 16%. Besides that, a few
people think the weather (11%) and dam break (7%) cause flood in urban area. However,
there is no people share their other comments due this title. So, the option named other hits
the lowest percentage of the causes of urban flooding (0%).
According to S. Thorndahl and P. Willems (2008), overloaded or flooding at certain
manholes in drainage system will cause the malfunction of urban drainage system. On the
other hand, the urban flooding due to dam breaking also has been stated in the paper of
Gallegos, H.A., Schubert, J.E. and Sanders B.F. (2009). Based on the study on Akin B.
Oguntala and J. S. Oguntoyinbo, (1982) improper management of environment is one of the
factors of urban flooding. Similarly, in the pie chart, this three causes are having the most
supports (66%) which indirectly also support our research.
In conclusion, there are more supports from people to the statement that drainage
system causes urban flooding.
The Activities in Forest Contribute to Urban
Flooding
10%
0%
Fire
20%
Camping
Deforestation
70%
Buid dam
This pie chart describes about the activities in forest contribute to urban flooding.
70% of the people think that deforestation is the main activities that may cause urban
flooding. As a result, deforestation hits the highest percentages. Besides that, 20% of people
also support that build dam is the main activity in forest which contribute to urban flooding.
Fire in forest has 10% of support among the respondents. There is no one think that camping
is the main factor of urban flooding.
Similarly, the study on Akin B. Oguntala and J. S. Oguntoyinbo, (1982) stated that the
improper management of environment especially uncontrolled deforestation of hill slope,
blockage of natural drainage and encroachment of river flood plains have increased the runoff
rate into stream and finally bringing about floods. The others activities like fire in forest,
camping and build dam are not the main factor of urban flooding.
In conclusion, deforestation is the main activity in forest which can contribute to
urban flooding. From the chart, we will know the main factor due to urban flooding.
The effects of urban flooding
Water damages to house
or structure
25%
33%
Water damage to contents
(furniture, appliances,
personal effect)
Transportation disruption
17%
25%
Lost income because of
misses work or business
closings
The pie chart describes the effects of urban flooding. Overall, the effect is water
damages to house and structure.
More than one third/ (33%) agree that water damages to house or structure is the
effect of urban flooding. Water damage to contents like furniture, appliances and personal
effect and lost income because of misses work or business closings also the effects of urban
flooding. About 25% of people agree for these two effects. Finally, the effect of urban
flooding is transportation disruption (17%).
The above result is similar to the findings by Vinet (2008). In his research, he found
that industries, shops and private housing suffer during floods. Flood victims also had a
problem about cost to repair the damage infrastructure.
In conclusion, there are many effects of urban flooding but the water damages to
house or structure is the main one.
The action that can be taken to
reduce the effect of urban flooding
5%
17%
Participate in any type of
emergency flood fighting
Moved to higher
elevation
34%
Flood proofed or modified
structure
44%
None of above
The pie chart describes the action that can be taken to reduce the effect of urban
flooding. Overall, the action that people take to reduce the effect of urban flooding is moved
to higher elevation.
The first action to reduce the effect of urban flooding is moved to higher elevation.
About 44% of people agree for this action. The second action is used flood proofed or
modified structure that can prevent urban flooding. More than one third/ (34%) agree for this
action. The other reasons for reduces the effect of urban flooding is participate in any type of
emergency flood fighting (17%). Finally, 5% agree that none of these actions that they take to
reduce the effect of urban flooding.
The above result is similar to the findings by Texier (2008). In his research, he found
that the solution of urban flooding is remove people from the flooded illegal districts and
relocate them into social housing (flats). He also mentioned that controlling the hazards with
structural measures.
In conclusion, there are many actions to reduce the effect of urban flooding but
moved to higher elevation is the main one.
The most efficetive solution to prevent flooding
10%
Awareness campaign
by government.
3%
Proper design and
repair for the drainage
system in urban area.
33%
54%
Plant more trees in the
urban area.
Remove the people from
the flooded illegal
districts.
The pie chart shows the most effective solution to prevent flooding in urban area.
According to the chart, proper design and repair for the drainage system in urban area has the
highest percentage while awareness campaign by government has the lowest percentage.
As illustrated by the chart, the most effective solution to prevent flooding is proper
design and repair for the drainage system in urban area about 54%. Plant more trees in urban
area is the second highest which is 33% for the most effective solution to prevent flooding.
Remove people from the flooded illegal districts is about 10% and awareness campaign by
government is about 3% only for the most effective solution to prevent flooding.
The finding is similar to Swan, A. (2006). In his study, he explores the relationship
between increased urbanisation and subsequent capacity problems within drainage
infrastructure that will cause flooding. It is similar to current finding which is proper design
and repair for the drainage system in urban area is the most effective solution to prevent
flooding.
In can be conclude that proper design and repair for the drainage system is the most
effective solution to prevent flooding because drainage system is a very important system by
which the water level on or in the river is controlled so that flooding can prevent.
Drainage system play an important role in
preventing flooding in urban area
3%
Yes
No
97%
The pie chart above shows the drainage system play an important role in preventing
flooding in urban area.
According to the pie chart, about 97% respondents think that drainage systems play an
important role in preventing flooding in urban area. Only 30% respondents do not think that
drainage system play an important role in preventing flooding in urban area.
Based on the study of Smith, M. B. (2009), he comments that recognition of the dual
drainage problem and design considerations of the drainage, research and development when
construct the drainage, and GIS tools (Geographic information system) and to support
urban dual drainage modelling can prevent flooding.
It can be conclude that drainage system is very important to prevent flooding with
proper design and consideration to control the water flow while the water elevation is high.