Environmental Science Final
Review
Name ____________________
The date of my final is __________.
Things to remember
o Turn your binder/papers in to be recycled if you want
o Make sure to return all of your tests
Spheres and their interactions
1)
Name the four spheres, and provide two examples for each.
2)
How do the spheres interact with each other? If a tornado hit an area, how would it impact the spheres? Would they all be affected?
Biosphere
1)
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic things found in an ecosystem?
2)
What is a biome?
3)
Draw and explain the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle. Why are these cycles so important?
4)
Name a few different energy types, provide examples.
5)
Explain how one energy type can change into another, give an example.
6)
Know how to read a food web, (what eats what, flow of energy).
7)
You should know the terms, producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, omnivore, and herbivore.
8)
How much energy makes it up the trophic pyramid? Draw one.
9)
Based on this, eating from which section is most energy responsible?
10) What is bioaccumulation, who is impacted, who is impacted the most?
11) What was the purpose of the biomass “butterfly” activity?
12) What is biodiversity? How can you calculate it, what does it show? Why is it important?
13) Name the three types of adaptations, and provide examples for each.
14) What is a biodiversity hotspot?
15) What is an invasive species, and explain the impact they have on environments.
16) Name six limiting factors for species survival, (say if they are density dependent, or density independent)
17) What is an endangered species? Why is it important to save them? How are they protected?
18) List the following terms in order from largest to smallest, communities, populations, ecosystems, organisms.
19) Where does all the energy from the food web come from?
20) Why is it environmentally responsible to be a vegetarian?
21) What are some examples of relationships species have with each other in ecosystems?
22) Draw an S curve, and a J curve, what do these show?
23) What does carrying capacity mean, how can you determine it from a graph?
24) What type of growth are humans undergoing right now?
25) How can humans “mess” with species adaptations?
26) What is natural selection?
27) Explain R selection and S selection?
Water cycle and drinking water
1)
Describe the distribution of water.
2)
Compare the amount of water on earth now, to the amount we will have in the future.
3)
Where do we get our drinking water from?
4)
Name and describe two problems other countries have with drinking water.
5)
Define each of the following terms
a. Precipitation
b.
Evaporation
c.
Condensation
d.
Transpiration
e.
Percolation/Infiltration
f.
Ground water
g.
Surface water
h.
Run off
6)
What is the MCL?
7)
What units are used to measure drinking water contaminates?
8)
Which type of contaminates are the hardest to remove? (think size and solubility)
9)
In the space below, make a water quality chart, include the MCL, amount detected, and source. You can use contaminates, X, Y, and Z, and you can make up the
sources for them. Also include the unit of measure.
10) Are there any violations in you report above?
11) What is pH? Draw the pH scale. Label acid base and neutral.
12) What is hard water?
13) How does acid rain impact an ecosystem?
14) What happens when acid rain hits different types of bed rock?
15) Name some manmade causes of acid rain, and some natural causes of acid rain.
Streams wetlands and watersheds
1)
Describe order and draw a stream from system including 1-4 order.
2)
What is a tributary?
3)
Complete the following chart.
Abiotic Factor
Definition
Depth
Width
Velocity
Temperature
Discharge
Substrate
Turbidity
pH
Pollution
4)
List the steps for calculating discharge.
5)
Create a problem and give it to the person next to you to complete. Mark the problem
6)
What are some reasons we would see discharge increase?
7)
Define a watershed.
Low order
High Order
8)
What separates watersheds?
9)
Explain how little watersheds make up big ones.
10) What is point source pollution?
11) What is non point source pollution?
12) What happens to the land of the watershed when it rains?
13) How are watersheds named?
14) List the four drainage patterns and draw a picture of each.
15) What is a wetland?
16) What is a buffer zone?
17) What is an urban wetland?
18) What is an algal bloom?
19) What causes algal blooms?
20) How are bio indicators used to determine the health of a stream.
21) Describe how animals are placed into taxa groups.
22) What is thermal pollution?
23) What impact does it have on organisms?
Agriculture
1)
What is pH? What is a good pH for soil?
2)
Name the three nutrients that are found in soil? What is each one good for?
3)
How does farming impact the lithosphere?
4)
What is a factory farm?
5)
What is a family farm?
6)
Describe how farming changed during the industrial revolution.
7)
What is organic food.
8)
List the positives of a factory farm? Negatives?
9)
List the positives of a family farm? Negatives?
10) List four uses for soil.
11) How long does it take the earth to create one inch of soil?
12) What are GMOs and what is your opinion on them?
Fossil Fuels and Phases of Matter
1)
Define renewable resource.
2)
Define nonrenewable resource.
3)
List the three fossil fuels in order from dirtiest to cleanest.
4)
How do we extract coal from the ground?
5)
How do we extract oil and natural gas from the ground?
6)
What do we use coal for mostly?
7)
What are the two major uses for oil/petroleum?
8)
What are the two major uses for natural gas?
9)
List some of the drawbacks of mining.
10) What is nuclear energy?
11) How does nuclear energy work? You will need to describe the structure of an atom to do this correctly.
12) List three positives of nuclear energy and three negatives of nuclear energy.
13) What is our plan to deal with nuclear waste?
14) Draw a graph showing a solid heating to a gas, and label each portion of the graph.
15) Draw a graph showing the cooling of gas to a solid and label each portion of the graph.
16) Draw a graph showing the separation of 3 liquids using heat, and label each portion of the graph.
17) Complete this chart:
Phases of
Matter
Solid
Speed of
molecules
Shape?
Volume?
Liquid
Gas
Alternative Energy
1)
For each of the following alternative energy forms, say how it works, the pros and the cons.
a. Solar
b.
Wind
c.
Tidal
d.
Hydroelectric
e.
Wave
f.
Geothermal
g.
Biomass
Fossil Fuel
Atmosphere
1)
Describe a thermal inversion, where they occur, why they occur and why the can be harmful.
2)
3)
How does a thermal inversion go away?
Where are the most reactive elements on the periodic table?
4)
How can a reaction tell you which elements are more or less reactive?
5)
Name the five types of reactions and give an example for each.
6)
Practice with balancing equations, go back and redo your warm up, homework assignments, etc.
7)
If given text, can you predict the chemical equation that will result from it, identify the type and balance it?
8)
What is the air made up of primarily?
9)
Why it the atmosphere important to humans? At least two reasons.
10) List the layers of the atmosphere starting closest and moving away.
11) What is particulate matter and where is it found?
12) When is ozone good and when is it bad?
13) Where does mercury come from? What does it do to humans?
14) Where does carbon monoxide come from and explain what could happen if you were poisoned by carbon monoxide.
15) What time of day and year is surface level ozone at its worst?
16) What is a thermal inversion? Where do they occur?
17) What is a green house gas?
18) Why do they cause global warming?
19) What are sulfur and nitrogen dioxides? What do they cause?