Good Things to Remember…
Living Environment
2010-2011
1. Scientific Method:
a. Experimental Design: hypothesis, independent variable,
dependent variable, control, variables, graph (axes)
2. Cells:
a. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic (your cells are eukaryotic, Pro=
bacteria-not much organelles inside cell)
b. Plant vs. Animal
i. Shape
ii. Organelles
c. Organelles-know function, shape
i. Ribosome
ii. Mitochondria
iii. Nucleus
iv. Vacuole
v. Chloroplast
vi. Cell membrane/plasma membrane
d. Diffusion Through a Membrane Lab
i. Onion cells-salt water shrink, regular water-swell
ii. Small molecule can diffuse (glucose, iodine, water,
oxygen, carbon dioxide)
3. Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis
a. CR:
i. Mitochondria
ii. Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)
iii. Takes place in all cells
b. Photo:
i. Chloroplast
ii. Carbon dioxide + water (sunlight/energy)= glucose +
oxygen
iii. Only in plant cells
4. Enzymes
a. Catalyst that speed up chemical reaction.
b. Temp/pH/concentration will have an affect
c. Lock and Key Method
5. Body System: Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive, Nervous,
Endocrine, Muscular, Skeletal, Excretory- work together to maintain
homeostasis!!
a. General Function
b. Diagram
c. Disease/Disorder
6. Genetics!
a. Mitosis vs. Meiosis
b. Sexual vs. Asexual reproduction
c. Diagrams
d. Structure of DNA and RNA
e. Transcription/Translation/Replication-nucleus then ribosomes
f. Universal Genetic Code Chart (they will give it to you but you
need to know how to use it!) to code for amino acids
g. Genetic Engineering
h. Recombinant DNA
i. Restriction enzymes (cut DNA)
j. Electrophoresis
7. Evolution
a. Natural Selection
b. Evolutionary Trees-diagrams and how to read them
c. Evidence of Evolution- comparative anatomy, DNA, embryology,
vestigial structures
d. Beaks of Finches Lab!!
8. Ecology:
a. Autotroph vs. hetertroph
b. Biodiversity
c. Food chains/food web/energy pyramids
d. Producers/consumers-herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, etc.
e. Succession
f. Symbiotic Relationships-mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
g. Human Ecology
i. Greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide-b/c of cars,
deforestation
ii. Pollution- causes acid rain
iii. Invasive species
iv. Renewable vs. nonrenewable resources
9. Lab Techniques:
a. Microscopes
b. Diffusion Through a Membrane
c. Beaks of Finches
d. Chromatography
e. Electrophoresis
f. Metric conversation
g. Reading a graduated cylinder