Biology 11
Plant Biology
Terrestrial Plants and Their Adaptations To Land
A) Adaptation To Land
- To achieve larger___________and to inhabit ___________ environments,
plants needed a different design than the ________________ plants
(Chlorophyta) or the __________________________ Bryophytes.
1) Development of _________________________________
(________________and ___________________) for transport.
For aquatic plants:
____________and
_______________
___________ are
plentiful and
diffuse into the
plant from all
sides.
On land: Water is ________________, often found only ______________.
Plants had to develop special ________________ to conduct water from
________________________ up to their __________ and
_______________ (these tissues also increase ____________________)
2) Development of a ____________– To Prevents ____________________
(________________ out).
-This cuticle is a _________
covering on ____________ and
stem to cut down on water
___________________.
3) True Roots – For ___________________ and ____________________.
-Absorb __________________ and _____________________ from the soil.
-Also for anchorage, no longer buoyed up by___________________.
Biology 11
Plant Biology
4) Protective ____________________for Gametes (sex cells)
-Keep gametes from _______________________
Example:
- Male sperm cell packaged up in
- Ovules formed and protected in
___________________________.
________________of female part.
5) Protection for _____________________ (Developing Plant)
-Example: ________________- keeps embryo from drying out, also
promotes ______________________ by passing through the
__________________________ of a given animal.
-Also a proper ________________ - embryo with ________, and seed coat.
6) Mechanisms for the ___________________ of gametes and embryos.
In water: Gametes and embryos _________ or ____________in water
currents.
On land: Use _____________ or rely on certain ________________ or
other _______________for dispersal of male gametes (______________).
- After pollination and fertilization, plant
still need to rely on animals or wind to
disperse their ____________________
(enclosed in ___________)
Animal: Eat fruit, _____________ or
_________________ seed adequate
distance away.
_________ or _____________ catch in
the fur and fall elsewhere.
Biology 11
Plant Biology
B) Vascular Plants : The Tracheophytes
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: ________________________
Ferns – Subphylum : ________________________ The First Vascular Plants
Pigments: 1) ______________________
2) ________________________
Habitat: 1) Tropical and Temperate __________________
2) Have evolved many _______________________ so that they are no
longer limited to totally wet environments. They are still limited to
environments that are at least ________________________ as they use
flagellated ___________ to _________________ to the eggs.
Adaptations:
1) Have ___________________________.
a) Xylem: Tissue that includes _____________________________cells
(hence Tracheophyta), these cells transport ______________ and dissolved
____________________ from roots to all parts of the plant. These cells
have thick cell walls and provide ________________________ for the plant.
b) Phloem: _________________ cells that transport nutrients and products
of _____________________________ to all parts of the plant.
2) Strong true
___________ coming off
of
_____________________
(underground runners)
3) True
________________
(fronds)
Biology 11
Plant Biology
Alternation Of Generations In Ferns:
- Unlike mosses, the ___________________________ is the dominant
generation and the ___________________________ is minimized.