Online Resource 2 belonging to ‘Cord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent
risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood – results of the Ulm
Birth Cohort’.
Anna Łuczyńska1,4 , Chad Logan2,4 , Alexandra Nieters1,*, Magdeldin Elgizouli1, Ben
Schöttker3, Hermann Brenner3, Dietrich Rothenbacher2,34
1
Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg,
Germany
2
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
3
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research
Center, Heidelberg, Germany
4
These authors contributed equally to this work
*Correspondence to: Alexandra Nieters, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI),
Molecular Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Engesser Strasse 4, D79108 Freiburg. Germany. +49 761 270 78150 (phone), Email:
alexandra.nieters@uniklinik-freiburg.de
1
Online resource 2. Demographic associations with LRTI.
n(%)
0 LRTI reported
n (%)
1 or more
infections
n (%)
Male
398 (51.2)
232 (58.3)
162 (41.7)
Female
379 (48.8)
260 (69.6)
119 (31.4)
≥37 weeks gestation
741 (95.4)
477 (64.4)
264 (35.6)
< 37 weeks gestation
36 (4.6)
15 (41.7)
21 (58.3)
Winter (Dec-Feb)
174 (22.4)
99 (56.9)
75 (43.1)
Spring (Mar-May)
200 (25.7)
123 (61.5)
77 (38.5)
Summer (Jun–Aug)
204 (26.3)
138 (67.6)
66 (32.4)
Fall (Sept-Nov)
199 (25.6)
132 (66.3)
67 (33.7)
Vaginal
647 (83.7)
407 (62.9)
232 (37.1)
Cesarean section
126 (16.3)
81 (64.3)
45 (35.7)
Qtr 1 (< 3070)
180 (23.2)
120 (66.7)
60 (33.3)
Qtr 2 (3070 to 3382.4)
190 (24.5)
129 (67.9)
61 (32.1)
Qtr 3 (3382.5 to 3722)
192 (24.7)
119 (62.0)
73 (38.0)
Qtr 4 (> 3722)
215 (27.7)
124 (57.7)
91 (42.3)
0 to 3 months
206 (27.1)
112 (54.4)
94 (45.6)
4 to 6 months
145 (19.1)
88 (60.7)
57 (39.3)
> 6 months
409 (53.8)
278 (68.0)
131 (32.0)
17 (2.2)
14 (82.4)
3 (17.6)
Germany
642 (82.6)
405 (63.7)
231 (36.3)
Other
135 (17.4)
87 (65.4)
46 (34.6)
Qtr 1 (< 27.2)
153 (19.7)
96 (62.7)
57 (37.3)
Qtr 2 (27.2 to 31.4)
194 (25.0)
123 (63.4)
71 (36.6)
Qtr 3 (31.5 to 34.9)
215 (27.7)
134 (62.3)
81 (37.7)
Qtr 4 (> 34.9)
214 (27.6)
139 (65.0)
75 (35.0)
1 (0.1)
0 (0)
1 (100)
Total
Characteristic
p value
Gender
<0.01
Gestational age
<0.01
Season of birth
0.12
Birth delivery mode
0.77
Birth weight quartile (g)
0.13
Breastfeeding duration
Missing
<0.01
Mother’s country of birth
0.71
Maternal age quartile (yrs)
Missing
0.95
Sibling under 5 years old
2
n(%)
0 LRTI reported
n (%)
1 or more
infections
n (%)
No siblings under 5
468 (60.2)
325 (69.4)
143 (30.6)
Child had a sibling under the age of 5
309 (39.8)
167 (54.0)
142 (46.0)
748 (97.1%)
475 (63.5%)
273 (36.5%)
22 (2.9%)
14 (63.6%)
8 (36.4%)
No household pets
513 (66.9%)
326 (63.5%)
187 (36.5%)
Pet reported in household
254 (33.1%)
161 (63.4%)
93 (36.6%)
Underweight (<18.5)
30 (3.9)
22 (73.3)
8 (26.7)
Normal (18.5 to < 25)
542 (70.2)
350 (64.6)
192 (35.4)
Overweight (25 to < 30)
142 (18.4)
84 (59.2)
58 (40.8)
58 (7.5)
32 (55.2)
26 (44.8)
Mother did not smoke while pregnant
693 (89.2%)
440 (63.5%)
253 (36.5%)
Mother smoked while pregnant
84 (10.8%)
52 (61.9%)
32 (38.1%)
697 (90.2%)
440 (63.1%)
257 (36.9%)
76 (9.8%)
50 (65.8%)
26 (34.2%)
641 (82.5%)
411 (64.1%)
230 (35.9%)
136 (17.5%)
81 (59.6%)
55 (40.4%)
10 years of education or more
615 (80.4)
398 (64.7)
217 (35.3)
Less than 10 years of education
150 (19.6)
86 (57.3)
64 (42.7)
Mother reported no atopic allergy
561 (72.2)
356 (63.5)
205 (36.5)
Mother reported a type of atopic allergy
216 (27.8)
136 (63.0)
80 (37.0)
Qtr 1 (<22.1)
194 (25)
121 (62.4)
73 (37.6)
Qtr 2 (22.1 to 29.5)
194 (25)
126 (64.9)
68 (35.1)
Qtr 3 (29.6 to 40.2)
194 (25)
118 (60.8)
76 (39.2)
Total
Characteristic
p value
<0.01
Daycare attendance
Child did not attend daycare or child group
Child regularly attended daycare or child
group
0.99
Exposure to household pets (dog, cat,
hamster, rabbit, bird, or other)
0.97
2
Maternal BMI (kg/m )
Obese (≥ 30)
0.22
Maternal smoking during pregnancy
0.78
Maternal smoking at delivery
Non-smoker
ng/ml)
(Cord
blood
cotinine
<10
Smoker (Cord blood cotinine ≥10 ng/ml)
0.65
Maternal smoking up to 1-year post-delivery
Mother did not smoke during 1st year
st
Mother smoked during 1 year
0.32
Maternal education
0.09
Maternal allergy (hayfever, asthma, or atopic
eczema)
0.90
Season standardized vitamin D quartiles
(nmol/L)
3
n(%)
0 LRTI reported
n (%)
1 or more
infections
n (%)
p value
195 (25.1)
127 (65.1)
68 (34.9)
0.78
Total
Characteristic
Qtr 4 (>40.2)
4