BY 123 SI 08/29/14 Answers
Chapter 1
Be able to list all 7 properties of life.
Order, evolutionary adaptation, response to the environment, reproduction,
regulation, energy processing, growth and development
Themes of Biology:
1. New Properties Emerge at Each Level in the Biological Hierarchy.
a. Be able to organize from complex -> simple and simple -> complex.
Biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organs, organ
systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules
b. Define emergent properties, reductionism, and systems biology. ?
emergent properties – new properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as
complexity increases
reductionism – the approach of reducing complex systems to simpler
components that are more manageable to study
a balance of both emergent properties and reductionism lends to systems
biology – an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of whole
biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s
parts
2. Organisms Interact with other Organisms and the Physical Environment.
3. Life Requires Energy Transfer and Transformation.
a. Examples?
Leaves harness sunlight to create energy heavy molecules; consumers feed on
producers; consumer uses food to power movements and loses energy through heat
4. Structure and Function are Correlated at all levels of Biological Organization.
a. Examples?
Bird; intestinal villi; a lot of things
5. The Cell of an Organism’s Basic Unit of Structure and Function
a. What are the two different types?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
b. List their main differences.
pro – no membrane bound nucleus; no membrane bound organelles; more simple
eu – membrane bound nucleus; membrane bound organelles; more complex
6. The Continuity of Life is Based on Heritable Information in the Form of DNA.
7. Feedback Mechanisms Regulate Biological Systems
a. Two different types?
Negative and positive
b. Think of some good examples. Why do Biological Systems need this?
Regulation of the complex metabolic pathways in the living systems; conservation of
energy; management
Negative – atp feeds back and inhibits enzyme; insulin
Positive – blood clotting, oxytocin
Overarching Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
Define taxonomy.
Naming and classifying life
What are the three domains of life? Classify Eukarya to less inclusive groups.
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (eukarya can be unicellular or multicellular, the
multicellular kingdoms are grouped based on modes of nutrition (plantae, fungi,
animalia))
What are the parts of the scientific method?
Observation, forming hypotheses, testing, data, inference/conclusion
What are the grounds for a hypothesis? Can you prove a hypothesis?
Must be testable and falsifiable, you cannot prove it.
What are the two different types of data?
Qualitative (descriptions that can’t be written in terms of numbers) and quantitative
(measurable values)
Contrast the experimental and control groups.
A control is needed bc you don’t know if it’s the experimental variable affecting it or
some other factor; experimental groups are subject to the different factors and
variables whereas the control is observed in comparison to the experimental.
Compare and contrast a hypothesis and a theory.
A theory is broader in scope; more general; can lead to more new testable
hypotheses; supported by a large body of evidence in comparison; should be able to
repeat this theory
Scientists do not collaborate and exchange ideas to formulate new hypotheses and
develop their own ideas. T/F
Why do scientists like to pick rats to research?
A) they are model organisms
B) they can reproduce easily
C) they can sustain through experimental conditions
D) all of the above
Which of the following is a correct match of cell type with structure?
A) nerve cell-closely joined
B) skin cell-has a large volume
C) intestinal cell-has a large volume
D) intestinal cell-closely joined
E) muscle cell-has proteins that slide back and forth
What name is given to organisms that convert the carbon in organic compounds into
carbon in carbon dioxide?
A) autotrophs
B) heterotrophs
C) plants
D) recyclers
E) decomposers
Why are unicellular protists and bacteria grouped into different domains?
Protists are eukaryotic, bacteria are prokaryotic even if several protists are
unicellular
Which of the following is NOT associated with properties of living things?
A) growth and development
B) the ability to create viable offspring
C) stimulation by the environment
D) order
E) none of the above
Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from
least to most complex?
A) hydrogen, water, liver cell, liver cell nucleus, liver tissue, liver, human
B) hydrogen, water, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, liver, liver tissue, human
C) hydrogen, water, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, liver tissue, liver, human
D) water, hydrogen, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, brain tissue, brain, human
E) liver nucleus, hydrogen, water, liver cell, liver, liver tissue, human