Thema subject categories
Version 1.1
Thema 1.1 English © EDItEUR 2013–14 – Word version prepared by Jesús Peraita
A
AB
ABA
The Arts
The arts: general issues
Theory of art
(See also: QDTN: "Philosophy: aesthetics")
ABC
Conservation, restoration & care of artworks
ABK
Forgery, falsification & theft of artworks
ABQ
Art: financial aspects
(Class here: art sales & auctioneering, funding, patronage & sponsorship)
AF
Fine arts: art forms
(With AF* codes, assign also the relevant AG* code(s) & STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
AFC
Painting & paintings
AFCC
Paintings & painting in watercolours
AFCL
Paintings & painting in oils
AFF
Drawing & drawings
AFH
Prints & printmaking
AFJ
Other graphic art forms
(Class here: collage; photomontage; graffiti & street art; body art & tattooing)
AFK
Non-graphic art forms
AFKB
Sculpture
AFKC
Carvings: artworks
AFKG
Precious metal, precious stones & jewellery: artworks & design
(Class here: Gold & silversmithing, Faberge, etc)
(See also: WFJ: "Jewellery & beadcraft"; WCP: "Antiques & collectables: jewellery"; WCR:
"Antiques & collectables: gold, silver & other metals (other than jewellery)")
AFKN
Installation art
AFKP
Performance art
AFKV
Electronic, holographic & video art
AFP
Ceramic & glass: artworks
(Class here: ceramics, pottery, mosaics, glass, stained glass as artworks)
(See also: WFN: "Pottery, ceramics & glass crafts")
AFT
Decorative arts
(Use for ‘art book’ treatments)
(See also: WF*: "Handicrafts, decorative arts & crafts" and following)
AFW
Textile artworks
(Class here: carpets, tapestries & other textiles as artworks)
(See also: AKT: "Fashion & textiles"; WFB*: "Needlework & fabric crafts" and following; WFF:
"Rug & carpetmaking"; WFG: "Spinning & weaving")
AG
Fine arts: treatments & subjects
(With AG* codes, assign also the relevant AF* code(s) & STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
AGA
History of art
(Use AGA in conjunction with other Arts codes as appropriate; assign also STYLE,
GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers as appropriate)
AGB
Individual artists, art monographs
AGC
Exhibition catalogues & specific collections
(See also: WTHM: "Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc"; GLZ: "Museology &
heritage studies")
AGH
Human figures depicted in art
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AGHF
Portraits in art
AGHN
Nudes depicted in art
AGHX
Erotic art
(Use with Qualifier 5X as appropriate)
(See also: AJCX: "Erotic & nude photography")
AGK
Small-scale, secular & domestic scenes in art
(Class here: ‘genre’ subjects in art)
AGN
AGNB
Animals & nature in art (still life, landscapes & seascapes, etc)
Botanical art
AGP
Man-made objects depicted in art (cityscapes, machines, etc)
AGR
Religious art
(Use with relevant code from QR* where appropriate)
AGZ
Art techniques & principles
(Class here: textbooks & advanced level works on techniques, colour theory, perspective, etc)
(See also: WFA: "Painting & art manuals")
AJ
Photography & photographs
AJC
Photographs: collections
(See also: WQP: "Places in old photographs")
AJCD
Individual photographers
AJCP
Portraiture
AJCX
Erotic & nude photography
(Use with Qualifier 5X as appropriate)
(See also: AGHX: "Erotic art")
AJF
Photojournalism
(Class here: photographic reportage)
(See also: DNP: "Reportage & collected journalism")
AJT
Photographic equipment & techniques: general
(See also: UGP: "Photo & image editing")
AJTA
Camera-specific manuals
AJTF
Photography: specific techniques
(Class here: aerial photography)
AJTV
Video photography
(See also: AFKV: "Electronic, holographic & video art"; ATFX: "Film production: technical &
background skills"; ATJX: "Television production: technical & background skills")
AK
Industrial / commercial art & design
(With AK* codes, assign also STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
AKB
Individual designers
AKC
Graphic design
AKD
Typography & lettering
(See also: WFU: "Calligraphy & hand-lettering")
AKH
Book design
(See also: WFT: "Book & paper crafts")
AKL
Illustration & commercial art
AKLB
Illustration
AKLC
Comic book & cartoon art
AKLC1
Graphic novel & Manga artwork
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(See also: XA*: "Graphic novel & Comic book: types" and following; XR*: "Graphic novel &
comic books: guides & reviews" and following)
AKLF
Computer game art
(Use for works on artistic aspects of game design, artwork, graphics etc)
(See also: UGG: "Computer games design")
AKLP
Poster art
AKP
Product design
(See also: TBD: "Technical design"; UGC: "Computer-aided design (CAD)")
AKR
Furniture design
AKT
Fashion & textiles
(See also: AFW: "Textile artworks"; WFB: "Needlework & fabric crafts"; WFF: "Rug &
carpetmaking"; WFG: "Spinning & weaving")
AM
Architecture
(With AM* codes, assign also STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
AMA
Theory of architecture
AMB
Individual architects & architectural firms
AMC
Architectural structure & design
AMCR
Environmentally-friendly (‘green’) architecture & design
AMD
Architecture: professional practice
AMG
Architecture: public buildings
(Class here: civic, commercial, & industrial buildings; also concert halls, arenas, stadia,
memorials, monument, etc)
(See also: JWT: "Military institutions, memorials")
AMK
AMKL
Architecture: residential buildings, domestic buildings
Architecture: castles & fortifications
AMN
Architecture: religious buildings
AMR
Architecture: interior design
(Class here: professional works)
(See also: WJK: "Interior design, decor & style guides")
AMV
AMVD
Landscape art & architecture
City & town planning: architectural aspects
(See also: RPC: "Urban & municipal planning")
AMX
History of architecture
(Assign also STYLE, GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers as appropriate)
AT
ATC
Performing arts
Individual actors & performers
(Use with relevant AT* code to indicate whether specifically theatre, film, TV, radio etc)
(See also: DNBF*: "Biography: arts & entertainment" and following)
ATD
Theatre studies
(See also: DD*: "Plays, playscripts" and following)
ATDC
Acting techniques
(Class here: monologues, audition material, etc)
ATDF
Theatre direction & production
ATDH
Theatre: technical & background skills
(Class here: stagecraft, wardrobe & makeup, lighting, scenery, etc)
ATDS
ATF
Theatre management
Films, cinema
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(Use ATF* codes for performing arts aspects only)
(See also: KNT: "Media, entertainment, information & communication industries")
ATFA
Film history, theory & criticism
ATFB
Individual film directors, film-makers
ATFD
Film scripts & screenplays
ATFG
Film guides & reviews
ATFN
Film: styles & genres
(Class here: works on specific genres, eg Film Noir, Westerns, Horror films, etc)
ATFR
Documentary films
ATFV
Animated films
ATFX
Film production: technical & background skills
(Class here: cinematography)
ATJ
Television
(Use ATJ* codes for performing arts aspects only)
(See also: KNT: "Media, entertainment, information & communication industries")
ATJD
Television scripts & screenplays
(See also: WHG: "TV tie-in humour")
ATJS
Television drama
(Class here: works on drama series, soap operas, plays for TV, etc)
ATJX
Television production: technical & background skills
(Class here: television camerawork)
ATL
Radio
(Use ATL* codes for performing arts aspects only)
(See also: KNT: "Media, entertainment, information & communication industries")
ATLD
ATQ
Radio scripts
Dance
(With ATQ* codes, assign also STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
ATQC
Choreography
ATQL
Ballet
ATQR
Ballroom dancing
ATQT
Contemporary dance
ATQZ
Folk dancing
ATX
Other performing arts
(Class here: mime, street theatre, stand-up comedy, conjuring, variety shows, music hall,
cabaret, juggling, circus & circus skills, etc)
ATXM
Puppetry, miniature & toy theatre
ATXP
Pageants, parades, festivals
ATXZ
Animal spectacles, performing animals
ATXZ1
AV
Bullfighting
Music
(With AV* codes, assign STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
AVA
Theory of music & musicology
AVC
Music reviews & criticism
AVD
Discographies & buyer’s guides
AVL
Music: styles & genres
(With AVL* codes, ALWAYS assign STYLE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
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AVLA
Art music, orchestral & formal music
AVLC
Choral music
AVLF
Opera
AVLK
Sacred & religious music
AVLM
Music of film & stage
(Class here: works on musicals, film scores)
AVLP
Popular music
(Use for all forms of popular music, as distinct from art music and traditional music, such as
light orchestral, Tin Pan Alley, all forms of Jazz, Rock and Pop music, Soul, Rap etc. ALWAYS
assign STYLE Qualifier(s) to indicate the specific style or genre of music)
AVLT
Traditional & folk music
AVLW
‘World music’ & regional styles
AVLX
Electronic music
(See also: AVRS: "Electronic musical instruments")
AVM
History of music
AVN
Composers & songwriters
AVP
Musicians, singers, bands & groups
AVQ
Musical scores, lyrics & libretti
AVQS
Songbooks
(Class here: songs for easy piano, guitar, etc)
AVR
Musical instruments
AVRG
Keyboard instruments
AVRJ
Percussion instruments
AVRL
String instruments
AVRL1
AVRL2
Guitar
Plucked instruments
AVRN
Wind instruments
AVRQ
Mechanical musical instruments
AVRS
Electronic musical instruments
(See also: AVLX: "Electronic music")
AVS
Techniques of music / music tutorials
(Class here: learning an instrument)
AVSA
AVX
Singing: techniques
Music recording & reproduction
(See also: UDM: "Digital music: consumer / user guides"; TTA: "Acoustic & sound engineering";
KNT: "Media, entertainment, information & communication industries")
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C
CB
Language & Linguistics
Language: reference & general
(With CB* codes, assign also LANGUAGE Qualifier(s), as appropriate)
CBD
CBDX
Dictionaries
Bilingual & multilingual dictionaries
CBF
Thesauri
CBG
Usage & grammar guides
CBP
Speaking in public: advice & guides
(Use for general guides to public speaking, example speeches and quotes. For wedding and
best man speeches, use with WJW)
CBV
CBVS
CBW
Creative writing & creative writing guides
Screenwriting techniques
Writing & editing guides
(Class here: general guides as well as journalist style guides, technical writing, etc)
CBX
CF
Language: history & general works
Linguistics
(With CF* codes, assign also LANGUAGE Qualifier(s) as appropriate; reserve CF* codes for use
with academic & specialist works only)
CFA
Philosophy of language
(See also: GTD: "Semiotics / semiology")
CFB
Sociolinguistics
CFC
Literacy
(See also: JNF: "Educational strategies & policy"; VSL: "Adult literacy guides & handbooks")
CFD
CFDC
CFDM
CFF
Psycholinguistics
Language acquisition
Bilingualism & multilingualism
Historical & comparative linguistics
(Class here: etymology, language family studies)
(See also: CBX: "Language: history & general works")
CFFD
Dialect, slang & jargon
(See also: WHL: "Slang & dialect humour")
CFG
Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics
(Class here: pragmatics, lexicology, rhetoric)
CFH
Phonetics, phonology
CFK
Grammar, syntax & morphology
CFL
Palaeography (study & history of writing)
(See also: NHAP: "Historical research: source documents")
CFLA
Writing systems, alphabets
CFM
Lexicography
CFP
Translation & interpretation
(Class here: hermeneutics)
CFX
Computational linguistics
CFZ
Sign languages, Braille & other linguistic communication
CJ
Language teaching & learning
(Use CJ* codes for all material for teaching or learning a second language for adults, including
ELT material; assign also LANGUAGE & EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE Qualifier(s) as appropriate)
CJA
Language teaching theory & methods
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CJB
Language teaching & learning material & coursework
CJBG
Language learning: grammar, vocabulary & pronunciation
CJBR
Language readers
CJBT
Language self-study texts
(See also: WTK: "Language phrasebooks")
CJC
Language learning: specific skills
CJCK
Language learning: speaking skills
CJCL
Language learning: listening skills
CJCR
Language learning: reading skills
CJCW
Language learning: writing skills
CJP
Language learning for specific purposes
CJPD
Language learning for business
CJPG
Language learning for technical & scientific purposes
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D
Biography, Literature & Literary studies
DB
Ancient, classical & medieval texts
(Use for texts, other than sagas & epics, in an early, ancient or classical language, ideally with
other D* code indicating literary form)
DBS
Sagas & epics
(Use for the texts of ancient and medieval sagas and epics, whether in original language or in
modern translation. Assign GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifiers where applicable. Use FN for modern retellings in the form of a novel)
(See also: FT: "Generational sagas"; FN: "Myth & legend told as fiction")
DBSG
DBSN
DC
Ancient Greek & Roman legends
Icelandic & Old Norse sagas
Poetry
(With DC* codes, assign STYLE Qualifier where appropriate)
DCA
Classic & pre-20th century poetry
DCC
Modern & contemporary poetry (c 1900 onwards)
DCF
Poetry by individual poets
DCQ
Poetry anthologies (various poets)
(See also: DNT: "Anthologies: general")
DD
Plays, playscripts
(With DD* codes, assign STYLE Qualifier where appropriate)
(See also: ATFD: "Film scripts & screenplays"; ATJD: "Television scripts & screenplays"; ATLD:
"Radio scripts")
DDA
Classic & pre-20th century plays
DDC
Modern & contemporary plays (c 1900 onwards)
DN
Biography & non-fiction prose
(Note: with DN* codes, assign also a specific subject code where possible, eg SFH “Golf” with
DNBS)
(See also: FC: "Biographical fiction")
DNB
Biography: general
DNBA
Autobiography: general
DNBB
Biography: business & industry
DNBB1
DNBF
Autobiography: business & industry
Biography: arts & entertainment
(Class here: ‘celebrity biographies’)
DNBF1
Autobiography: arts & entertainment
(Class here: ‘celebrity autobiographies’)
DNBH
DNBH1
DNBL
DNBL1
DNBR
DNBR1
DNBS
DNBS1
DNBT
DNBT1
DNBX
Biography: historical, political & military
Autobiography: historical, political & military
Biography: literary
Autobiography: literary
Biography: royalty
Autobiography: royalty
Biography: sport
Autobiography: sport
Biography: science, technology & medicine
Autobiography: science, technology & medicine
Biography: religious & spiritual
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DNBX1
DNBZ
Autobiography: religious & spiritual
Collected biographies
(Use for biographies of several people in single volume; use after appropriate DNB* code
indicating area where possible)
(See also: GBCB: "Dictionaries of biography (Who’s Who)")
DNC
Memoirs
(Memoirs are typically less structured & less encompassing than entire autobiographies, & are
often about part of a life (eg childhood, a politician’s time in office) rather than one’s whole
life; use with an autobiography code from the DNB* sequence above to indicate area where
possible)
DND
Diaries, letters & journals
(Use where diary or journal entries, or letters, are collected, rather than the work being written
specifically as an autobiography. Use with an autobiography code from the DNB* sequence
above to indicate area where possible)
DNG
Animal life stories
(Use for biographies of animals, such as performing animals, race-horses, rescue animals etc)
DNL
Literary essays
(Use only for essays, typically on various subjects, by notable writers; class essays on a subject,
eg philosophy, economics, within the subject)
DNP
Reportage & collected journalism
(See also: WTL*: "Travel writing" and following; AJF: "Photojournalism")
DNS
Speeches
(Use for collections of transcribed speeches ; use with other code indicating subject where
possible)
(See also: QRVH: "Sermons")
DNT
Anthologies: general
(Use for all anthologies except poetry anthologies; use with other code indicating subject or
literary form where possible)
(See also: DCQ: "Poetry anthologies (various poets)")
DNX
True stories: general
(Use DNX* codes for popular accounts of actual events written in a novelistic style)
DNXC
True crime
DNXH
True stories: discovery / historical / scientific
DNXM
True war & combat stories
DNXP
True stories of heroism, endurance & survival
DNXZ
Erotic confessions & true stories
DS
Literature: history & criticism
(With DS* codes, assign also STYLE & LANGUAGE Qualifier(s), as appropriate)
DSA
Literary theory
DSB
Literary studies: general
DSBB
Literary studies: ancient, classical & medieval
DSBC
Literary studies: c 1400 to c 1600
DSBD
Literary studies: c 1600 to c 1800
DSBF
Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900
DSBH
Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
DSBH5
Literary studies: post-colonial literature
DSBJ
Literary studies: from c 2000
DSC
Literary studies: poetry & poets
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DSG
Literary studies: plays & playwrights
DSK
Literary studies: fiction, novelists & prose writers
DSR
Literary reference works
DSRC
Literary companions, book reviews & guides
(See also: FZ: "Fiction companions"; XR*: "Graphic novel & comic books: guides & reviews"
and following)
DSY
Children’s & teenage literature studies: general
DSYC
Children’s & teenage book reviews & guides
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F
Fiction & Related items
(F* codes may be used with GEOGRAPHICAL and/or TIME PERIOD Qualifiers where these aspects
are particularly pertinent & significant; non-fiction codes may be added after F* codes to indicate
specific central themes or topics in fiction)
FB
Fiction: general & literary
(Use FB only for literary & non-genre fiction where date not known; prefer FBA or FBC as
appropriate where possible; FB* codes may be used with other F* codes indicating themes,
genres or features where applicable)
FBA
Modern & contemporary fiction
(Class here: works of literary & non-genre fiction first published c 1960 onwards)
FBC
Classic fiction
(Class here: works of literary & non-genre fiction first published before c 1960 or widely
regarded as ‘classic’, but where available, prefer ‘classic’ headings for genre fiction below)
FC
Biographical fiction
(Use for highly fictionalised accounts of the lives of real people (including fictionalised
autobiographies). May be used with FV where applicable)
(See also: DN*: "Biography & non-fiction prose" and following)
FD
FDB
Speculative fiction
Dystopian & utopian fiction
(Use for any fiction set in an ideal, dysfunctional or degraded society; use with FL* or other F*
codes as appropriate)
FDK
Alternative history fiction
(Use for any fiction, apart from Fantasy or SF, set in an imagined world that might have
emerged had key historical events happened differently eg outcome of WW2)
FF
Crime & mystery fiction
FFC
Classic crime fiction
(Class here: works of crime fiction first published before c 1960 or widely regarded as ‘classic’)
FFH
Historical mysteries
(Use for contemporary mysteries set in past times, eg in Victorian, Medieval, Roman period;
use GEOGRAPHICAL and/or TIME PERIOD Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate)
FFJ
Crime & mystery: cosy mystery
(Use for mysteries set in rural or traditional communities featuring minimal violence & typically
amateur sleuths)
FFK
Comic (humorous) crime & mystery
FFL
Crime & mystery: hard-boiled crime, noir fiction
FFP
Crime & mystery: police procedural
FFS
FG
Crime & mystery: women sleuths
Sports fiction
(S* codes may be added after FG to indicate specific sport featured)
FH
Thriller / suspense fiction
FHD
Espionage & spy thriller
FHK
Technothriller
(Use for thrillers incorporating scientific, technological (including computing), medical etc
elements as important parts of the narrative)
FHP
Political / legal thriller
FHQ
Esoteric thriller
(Use for thrillers featuring traditions of ancient, secret or esoteric knowledge, such as Holy
Grail, etc)
FHX
Psychological thriller
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FJ
FJH
Adventure fiction
Historical adventure fiction
(Use for adventure novels set in past times; prefer specific FJM* code if applicable; use
GEOGRAPHICAL and/or TIME PERIOD Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate)
FJM
War & combat fiction
FJMC
Napoleonic War fiction
FJMF
First World War fiction
FJMS
Second World War fiction
FJMV
Vietnam War fiction
FJW
FK
FKC
Adventure fiction: Westerns
Horror & supernatural fiction
Classic horror & ghost stories
(Class here: horror & ghost stories first published before c 1960 or widely regarded as ‘classic’)
FKM
Contemporary horror
FKW
Occult fiction
FL
FLC
Science fiction
Classic science fiction
(Class here: science fiction published before c 1960 or widely regarded as ‘classic’)
FLG
Science fiction: time travel
FLM
Science fiction: Steampunk
(Class here: science fiction based on an alternative world where 19th century steam power has
emerged as the dominant technology)
FLP
Science fiction: near-future
(Class here: Cyberpunk; science fiction based on marginalised or low-life characters in a highly
technologically advanced society)
FLQ
Science fiction: apocalyptic & post-apocalyptic
FLR
Science fiction: military
(Use for science fiction set within the military or where organised use of weaponry is central to
the plot)
(See also: FLS: "Science fiction: Space opera")
FLS
Science fiction: Space opera
(Use for science fiction set in space, usually with advanced cultures & technology)
FLU
FM
FMB
Science fiction: aliens / UFOs
Fantasy
Epic fantasy
(Class here: High fantasy)
FMH
Historical fantasy
FMK
Comic (humorous) fantasy
FMM
Magical realism
FMR
Fantasy romance, dark romance
(Class here: vampire romance, etc)
FMX
FN
Urban fantasy
Myth & legend told as fiction
(Use for modern retellings in novel form)
(See also: DBS: "Sagas & epics")
FP
Erotic fiction
(Use with Qualifier 5X as appropriate)
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FQ
Contemporary lifestyle fiction
(Class here: ‘chick lit’, ‘lad lit’)
FR
Romance
FRD
Adult & contemporary romance
FRH
Historical romance
(Note: use for romantic fiction set c pre-1900, eg Regency period; use GEOGRAPHICAL and/or
TIME PERIOD Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate)
FRM
Romantic suspense
FRX
Erotic romance
(Use for fiction aimed at Romance market but with explicit sexual content; use with Qualifier
5X as appropriate)
FS
Family life fiction
(Use for novels of domestic or small-scale family life)
(See also: FT: "Generational sagas")
FT
Generational sagas
(Use for novels which chronicle the fortunes of a family or families often over generations; do not
use for Icelandic or Norse sagas. Class here: family sagas)
(See also: FS: "Family life fiction")
FU
Humorous fiction
(Use for fiction where humour is the primary aim & feature except prefer genre-specific
‘humorous’ headings where available; may be used with other F* codes as appropriate)
FUP
Satirical fiction & parodies
(Use for humorous fiction which is satirical and/or which parodies existing fiction, genres or
writers)
(See also: WHP: "Parodies & spoofs: non-fiction"; FYH: "Fiction: pastiche")
FV
Historical fiction
(Use for contemporary novels set in the past, ie set c pre-1900, except prefer genre-specific
‘historical’ headings where available; use with other F* codes as appropriate; use
GEOGRAPHICAL and/or TIME PERIOD Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate)
FW
Religious & spiritual fiction
(Use for fiction designed to promote a particular religious, spiritual or visionary message; use
with relevant 5PG* code as appropriate, or where unavailable, a QR* or VX* code)
FX
Fiction: narrative themes
(Use FX* codes after other F* codes indicating genre or type, to indicate the underlying narrative
theme of a work of fiction)
FXB
Narrative theme: Coming of age
(Class here: bildungsroman)
FXM
Narrative theme: Interior life
(Use for fiction which places particular emphasis on interior characterization, and on the
motives, feelings and thoughts of characters. Use FHX for psychological thrillers)
FXP
Narrative theme: Politics
(Use for fiction that is primarily or largely concerned with politics or political systems)
FXS
Narrative theme: Social issues
(Use for fiction that addresses a specific social problem or issue as a central theme)
FY
Fiction: special features
(Use FY* codes after other F* code indicating genre or type)
FYB
Short stories
FYH
Fiction: pastiche
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(Use for fiction written deliberately in the style of another (typically earlier) author (as homage
rather than parody), often as a sequel to a novel written by, or using a popular character
created by, the original author)
(See also: FUP: "Satirical fiction & parodies")
FYM
Fiction: mashup
(Use for fiction which combines a pre-existing text, often a classic novel, with another
contrasting genre, such as horror, into a single narrative; use with other F* or non-fiction codes
to indicate component elements)
(See also: FUP: "Satirical fiction & parodies")
FYT
FZ
Fiction in translation
Fiction companions
(Class here: companion works to popular fiction, typically uncritical, ‘fan’-based)
(See also: DSR: "Literary reference works"; XR*: "Graphic novel & comic books: guides & reviews"
and following)
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G
GB
GBA
Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary subjects
Encyclopaedias & reference works
General encyclopaedias
(Use for non-subject-specific works only)
GBC
Reference works
(Use GBC after other subject code indicating the area or scope of the work)
(See also: CB*: "Language: reference & general" and following; DSR*: "Literary reference
works" and following)
GBCB
Dictionaries of biography (Who’s Who)
(With GBC* codes, assign also a subject code indicating the area or scope of the work as
appropriate)
GBCQ
Dictionaries of quotations
GBCR
Bibliographies, catalogues
(See also: AVD: "Discographies & buyer’s guides")
GBCS
Serials, periodicals, abstracts, indexes
GBCT
Directories
GBCY
Yearbooks, annuals, almanacs
GL
GLC
GLCA
Library & information sciences / Museology
Library, archive & information management
Information retrieval & access
GLF
IT, Internet & electronic resources in libraries
GLH
Acquisitions & collection development
GLK
Bibliographic & subject control
(Class here: indexing, cataloguing & classification)
GLM
Library & information services
(Class here: academic, specialist, public & school libraries; reference, circulation & community
services)
GLP
Archiving, preservation & digitisation
GLZ
Museology & heritage studies
(Class here: museum studies; curatorship; heritage interpretation; and historical conservation
of culturally & socially significant sites, buildings, monuments etc)
(See also: ABC: "Conservation, restoration & care of artworks"; AGC: "Exhibition catalogues &
specific collections"; RNK: "Conservation of the environment"; TNKX: "Conservation of buildings
& building materials"; WTHM: "Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc")
GP
GPF
GPFC
Research & information: general
Information theory
Cybernetics & systems theory
(Class here: control & stability of systems, entropy)
GPH
Data analysis: general
GPJ
Coding theory & cryptology
(See also: URY: "Data encryption")
GPQ
Decision theory: general
(See also: KJMD: "Management decision making")
GPQD
GPS
Risk assessment
Research methods: general
(See also: JHBC: "Social research & statistics"; KJT: "Operational research")
GT
GTB
Interdisciplinary studies
History of scholarship (principally social sciences & humanities)
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(For historical studies concentrating on fields of study not covered by the English term ‘science’
(cf history of science), but included for example in the German term ‘Wissenschaft’ (ie all kinds
of academic studies).)
(See also: PDA: “Philosophy of science”; PDX: “History of science”)
GTC
Communication studies
(Use for Communication Studies textbooks and for works covering a range of aspects of
communication – linguistic, social, industrial, technological etc)
(See also: JBCT*: "Media studies" and following)
GTD
Semiotics / semiology
(See also: CFA: "Philosophy of language")
GTK
Cognitive studies
(Use for interdisciplinary works)
(See also: QDTM: "Philosophy of mind"; JM*: "Psychology" and following; MKJ: "Neurology &
clinical neurophysiology"; PSAN: "Neurosciences"; UYQ*: "Artificial intelligence" and following;
UXJ: "Computer applications in the social & behavioural sciences")
GTM
Regional studies
(Use for interdisciplinary works covering a range of topics within a defined area; always assign
GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifier)
(See also: RGL: "Regional geography")
GTP
Development studies
(See also: KCM: "Development economics & emerging economies")
GTQ
Globalization
GTT
Flags, emblems, symbols, logos
(See also: NHTG: "Genealogy, heraldry, names & honours")
GTU
Peace studies & conflict resolution
(See also: JWLP: "Peacekeeping operations")
GTV
Institutions & learned societies: general
(See also: JPSN: "International institutions")
GTZ
General studies
(Use for coursework aimed specifically at General Studies courses at advanced secondary and
undergraduate level)
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J
JB
Society & Social Sciences
Society & culture: general
(Use JB* codes for both general & academic works on social topics; use with JH* codes for
sociology textbooks & other specialist works as appropriate)
(See also: VFV*: "Family & relationships: advice & issues" and following)
JBC
JBCC
Cultural & media studies
Cultural studies
JBCC1
Popular culture
JBCC2
Material culture
(Class here: role of artefacts & objects in society)
JBCC3
Cultural studies: fashion & society
JBCC4
Cultural studies: food & society
JBCC9
History of ideas
JBCT
Media studies
(See also: GTC: "Communication studies")
JBCT1
Media studies: Internet, digital media & society
JBCT2
Media studies: TV & society
JBCT3
Media studies: advertising & society
JBF
Social & ethical issues
(See also: PDR: "Impact of science & technology on society"; RNT: "Social impact of
environmental issues"; QDTQ: "Ethics & moral philosophy")
JBFA
Social discrimination & equal treatment
(Class here: both issues of inequality & discrimination and measures to address these issues;
positive discrimination)
JBFC
Poverty & unemployment
JBFD
Housing & homelessness
JBFF
Social impact of disasters
JBFG
Refugees & political asylum
JBFH
Migration, immigration & emigration
JBFK
Violence in society
JBFK1
Child abuse
JBFK2
Sexual abuse & harassment
JBFK3
Domestic violence
JBFM
Disability: social aspects
JBFN
Illness & addiction: social aspects
JBFQ
Social mobility
JBFS
Consumerism
JBFU
Animals & society
(Class here: animal rights, vivisection, hunting, etc treated as issues)
JBFV
Ethical issues & debates
(See also: QDTQ: "Ethics & moral philosophy")
JBFV1
Ethical issues: abortion & birth control
JBFV2
Ethical issues: capital punishment
JBFV3
Ethical issues: censorship
JBFV4
Ethical issues: euthanasia & right to die
JBFV5
Ethical issues: scientific, technological & medical developments
JBFW
Sex, sexuality, relationships & society: general
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(Class here: general interest works on sex & society, pornography and the sex industry)
(See also: VFVC: "Sex & sexuality: advice & issues"; JMU: "Psychology: sexual behaviour";
JHBK: "Sociology: family & relationships")
JBFX
Social attitudes
(Class here: political correctness)
JBFZ
JBG
Social forecasting, future studies
Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge
(Class here: conspiracy theories, hoaxes etc)
JBGB
Folklore, myths & legends
(Class here: Atlantis, Holy Grail etc)
(See also: FN: "Myth & legend told as fiction"; QRS*: "Ancient religions & mythologies" and
following)
JBS
Social groups
JBSA
Social classes
JBSC
Rural communities
JBSD
Urban communities
JBSF
Gender studies, gender groups
JBSF1
Gender studies: women & girls
JBSF11
Feminism & feminist theory
JBSF2
JBSJ
Gender studies: men & boys
Gay & Lesbian studies
(Assign also 5PS* values from INTEREST Qualifiers, as appropriate)
JBSL
Ethnic studies
(Assign also 5PB* values from INTEREST Qualifiers, as appropriate)
JBSL1
Ethnic minorities & multicultural studies
(Class here: Race relations)
JBSL11
JBSP
Indigenous peoples
Age groups
JBSP1
Age groups: children
JBSP2
Age groups: adolescents
JBSP3
Age groups: adults
JBSP4
Age groups: the elderly
JBSR
Social groups: religious groups & communities
(Assign also 5PG* values from INTEREST Qualifiers and QR* codes as appropriate)
JBSW
Social groups: alternative lifestyles
JBSX
Secret societies
(Class here: Freemasonry)
(See also: QRY*: "Alternative belief systems" and following; FHQ: "Esoteric thriller")
JBSY
Social groups: clubs & societies
(Class here: voluntary association or ‘elective affinities’, how & why people join & associate
themselves with specific groups)
JH
Sociology & anthropology
(Use JH* codes for textbooks or academic & specialist works; use with other J* codes indicating
specific topics where appropriate)
JHB
Sociology
JHBA
Social theory
JHBC
Social research & statistics
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(See also: GPS: "Research methods: general")
JHBD
Population & demography
JHBK
Sociology: family & relationships
(Class here: sociology of sexual relations)
(See also: VFV*: "Family & relationships: advice & issues" and following; JBFW: "Sex,
sexuality, relationships & society: general")
JHBL
Sociology: work & labour
JHBS
Sociology: sport & leisure
JHBZ
Sociology: death & dying
(See also: VFJX: "Coping with death & bereavement")
JHM
Anthropology
(Class here: physical anthropology)
JHMC
Social & cultural anthropology
(Class here: ethnography, kinship, customs & traditions)
(See also: JBCC*: "Cultural studies" and following)
JK
Social services & welfare, criminology
JKS
Social welfare & social services
JKSB
Welfare & benefit systems
JKSB1
Child welfare
JKSF
Adoption & fostering
JKSG
Care of the elderly
JKSM
Care of the mentally ill
(See also: MBPK: "Mental health services")
JKSN
Social work
JKSN1
Charities, voluntary services & philanthropy
JKSN2
Social counselling & advice services
JKSR
Aid & relief programmes
JKSW
Emergency services
JKSW1
Police & security services
JKSW2
Fire services
JKSW3
Ambulance & rescue services
JKV
Crime & criminology
(See also: DNXC: "True crime")
JKVC
Causes & prevention of crime
JKVF
Criminal investigation & detection
JKVF1
Forensic science
(See also: MKT: "Forensic medicine"; JMK: "Criminal or forensic psychology")
JKVG
Drugs trade / drug trafficking
JKVJ
Street crime / gun crime
JKVK
Corporate crime
JKVM
Organized crime
JKVP
Penology & punishment
(Class here: prisons, penitentiaries; penal systems & theories)
(See also: JWXR: "Prisoners of war")
JKVQ
JKVQ1
Offenders
Rehabilitation of offenders
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JKVQ2
Juvenile offenders
(Class here: juvenile delinquency)
JKVS
JM
Probation services
Psychology
(Use JM* codes for academic, specialist and professional level works; prefer VS* codes for
practical advice for the general reader)
(See also: VSP*: "Popular psychology" and following)
JMA
Psychological theory & schools of thought
(See also: QDTM: "Philosophy of mind")
JMAF
Psychoanalytical theory (Freudian psychology)
JMAJ
Analytical & Jungian psychology
JMAL
Behavioural theory (Behaviourism)
JMAN
Humanistic psychology
JMAQ
Cognitivism, cognitive theory
JMB
JMBT
JMC
Psychological methodology
Psychological testing & measurement
Child, developmental & lifespan psychology
(See also: JNC: "Educational psychology")
JMD
Psychology of ageing
JMF
Family psychology
JMG
Psychology of gender
JMH
Social, group or collective psychology
JMJ
Occupational & industrial psychology
(See also: SCGP: "Sports psychology")
JMK
Criminal or forensic psychology
(See also: JKV*: "Crime & criminology" and following)
JML
Experimental psychology
JMM
Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology
JMP
Abnormal psychology
(See also: MKM*: "Clinical psychology" and following)
JMQ
Psychology: emotions
JMR
Cognition & cognitive psychology
(Class here: psychological works on learning, memory, intelligence, reasoning, perception)
JMS
Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality
JMT
Psychology: states of consciousness
(Class here: psychological works on conscious & unconscious mind; sleep & dreams; altered
states of mind, hypnosis, drug-induced, etc)
(See also: VXN: "Dreams & their interpretation")
JMU
Psychology: sexual behaviour
(See also: VFVC: "Sex & sexuality: advice & issues"; JBFW: "Sex, sexuality, relationships &
society: general")
JMX
Parapsychological studies
(Use for serious academic works)
(See also: VXP: "Psychic powers & psychic phenomena")
JN
JNA
JNAM
Education
Philosophy & theory of education
Moral & social purpose of education
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JNB
History of education
(Class here: history of specific schools, colleges, as well as general history)
JNC
Educational psychology
JND
Educational systems & structures
(Class here: issues of selection, admissions, inspection, governance etc)
JNDG
Curriculum planning & development
JNDH
Education: examinations & assessment
JNF
Educational strategies & policy
(Class here: teaching strategies for literacy, numeracy etc; policies regarding inclusive
education, streaming etc)
JNH
Home schooling
JNK
Educational administration & organization
(Class here: issues of bullying, truancy, discipline)
JNKG
Funding of education & student finance
JNKH
Teaching staff
JNL
Schools
(See also: VSK: "Advice on education")
JNLA
Pre-school & kindergarten
JNLB
Primary & middle schools
(Class here: elementary, preparatory, infant & junior schools)
JNLC
Secondary schools
JNLP
Independent schools, private education
JNLR
Faith (religious) schools
JNM
Higher & further education, tertiary education
(Class here: all advanced & further education; colleges offering vocational, technical or nondegree courses; universities)
(See also: VSK: "Advice on education")
JNMT
JNP
Teacher training
Adult education, continuous learning
(See also: VSL: "Adult literacy guides & handbooks"; VSN: "Adult numeracy guides &
handbooks")
JNQ
Open learning, distance education
JNR
Careers guidance
JNRV
Industrial or vocational training
(Use for works on industrial/vocational training as a subject; classify vocational coursework
under the appropriate subject)
JNS
JNSC
Teaching of students with special educational needs
Teaching of students with physical impairment or disability
(Class here: teaching of students with impaired hearing or vision, or any physical disability
giving rise to specific educational needs)
JNSG
Teaching of students with learning difficulties
(Class here: teaching of students with dyslexia, autism, behavioural difficulties, or any mental
impairment etc giving rise to specific educational needs)
JNT
Teaching skills & techniques
(Class here: classroom control, mentoring)
JNU
Teaching of a specific subject
(Assign also the code for the subject taught, using YP* Educational codes where appropriate)
JNUM
Teachers’ classroom resources & material
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(Class here: interactive resources, teachers’ editions of textbooks, etc; assign also the code
for the subject taught, using YP* Educational codes where appropriate)
JNV
Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
JNW
Extra-curricular activities
(Class here: field trips, school trips, sporting activities, events, performances, community etc)
JNZ
JP
Study & learning skills: general
Politics & government
JPA
Political science & theory
JPB
Comparative politics
JPF
Political ideologies
JPFB
Anarchism
JPFC
Marxism & Communism
JPFF
Socialism & left-of-centre democratic ideologies
JPFK
Liberalism & centre democratic ideologies
JPFM
Conservatism & right-of-centre democratic ideologies
JPFN
Nationalism
JPFQ
Fascism & Nazism
JPFR
Religious & theocratic ideologies
JPH
Political structure & processes
JPHC
Constitution: government & the state
JPHF
Elections & referenda
(Class here: psephology)
JPHL
Political leaders & leadership
JPHV
Political structures: democracy
JPHX
Political structures: totalitarianism & dictatorship
JPL
Political parties
JPP
Public administration
(See also: KNV: "Civil service & public sector")
JPQ
JPQB
Central / national / federal government
Central / national / federal government policies
(See also: KCP: "Political economy")
JPR
JPRB
JPS
Regional / local / state government
Regional / local / state government policies
International relations
JPSD
Diplomacy
JPSF
Arms negotiation & control
(Class here: Arms Race, arms stockpiling)
JPSH
Espionage & secret services
JPSL
Geopolitics
JPSN
International institutions
(Class here: UN & UN agencies, EU institutions, etc)
(See also: GTV: "Institutions & learned societies: general")
JPV
Political control & freedoms
(Class here: political propaganda)
JPVC
Civics & citizenship
JPVH
Human rights, civil rights
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(Class here: freedom of speech, of information, of worship; land rights etc)
JPVR
JPW
Political oppression & persecution
Political activism
JPWA
Public opinion & polls
JPWC
Political campaigning & advertising
JPWG
Pressure groups & protest movements
(Class here: lobbying, demonstrations, civil disobedience, passive resistance)
JPWH
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
JPWL
Terrorism, armed struggle
JPWQ
Revolutionary groups & movements
(See also: NHTV: "Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions")
JPWS
Armed conflict
(Class here: uprisings, armed skirmishes, flashpoints, outbreaks of organized violence short of
full-scale war)
JPZ
JW
Political corruption
Warfare & defence
JWA
Theory of warfare & military science
JWC
Military forces & sectors
JWCD
Land forces & warfare
JWCG
Irregular or guerrilla forces & warfare
JWCK
Naval forces & warfare
(See also: NHTM: "Maritime history")
JWCM
JWCS
JWJ
Air forces & warfare
Special & elite forces
Military administration
(Class here: personnel issues, discipline, procurement, funding etc)
JWK
Military & defence strategy
(Class here: military tactics, civil defence)
JWKF
JWL
Military intelligence
War & defence operations
(See also: NHW*: "Military history" and following)
JWLF
Battles & campaigns
JWLP
Peacekeeping operations
(See also: GTU: "Peace studies & conflict resolution")
JWM
Weapons & equipment
(Use with code from JWC to indicate sector)
(See also: WCK: "Militaria, arms & armour")
JWMC
Chemical & biological weapons
JWMN
Nuclear weapons
JWMV
Military vehicles
(Use with code from JWC to indicate sector)
JWT
Military institutions, memorials
(Class here: regiments, uniforms, insignia, memorials, war cemeteries etc)
(See also: WCK: "Militaria, arms & armour")
JWX
JWXF
Other warfare & defence issues
Arms trade
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JWXK
War crimes
(See also: NHTZ: "Genocide & ethnic cleansing"; NHTZ1: "The Holocaust")
JWXN
Mercenaries
JWXR
Prisoners of war
JWXT
Mutiny
JWXV
Military veterans
JWXZ
Combat / defence skills & manuals
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K
KC
Economics, Finance, Business & Management
Economics
KCA
Economic theory & philosophy
KCB
Macroeconomics
KCBM
KCC
Monetary economics
Microeconomics
(Class here: economics of domestic trade; consumer activity, business decisions, etc)
KCD
Economics of industrial organisation
KCF
Labour economics
KCG
Economic growth
KCH
Econometrics & economic statistics
KCJ
Economic forecasting
KCK
Behavioural economics
KCL
International economics
(Class here: international finance, international trade, trade agreements etc)
(See also: RGCM: "Economic geography")
KCM
Development economics & emerging economies
(See also: GTP: "Development studies")
KCP
Political economy
KCS
Economic systems & structures
(Class here: works on systems such as free market, transitional economies, planned economies,
etc)
KCV
Economics of specific sectors
KCVD
Agricultural economics
KCVG
Environmental economics
KCVJ
Health economics
KCVK
Welfare economics
KCVS
Urban economics
KCX
Economic & financial crises & disasters
KCY
Popular economics
(Class here: accessible works for the general reader)
KCZ
Economic history
KF
Finance & accounting
(Use KF* codes for academic, specialist and professional level works; prefer VS* codes for
practical advice for the general reader)
KFC
Accounting
(See also: UFK: "Accounting software")
KFCC
Cost accounting
KFCF
Financial accounting
KFCM
Management accounting & bookkeeping
(Class here: auditing)
KFCP
Public finance accounting
KFCR
Financial reporting, financial statements
KFCX
Accounting: study & revision guides
KFF
Finance
(See also: VSB: "Personal finance")
KFFD
Public finance & taxation
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(See also: KCP: "Political economy")
KFFH
Corporate finance
KFFK
Banking
KFFL
Credit & credit institutions
KFFM
Investment & securities
(Class here: commodities, stocks & shares, bonds, futures, hedge funds etc)
(See also: VSB: "Personal finance")
KFFN
Insurance & actuarial studies
KFFP
Pensions
(See also: VSR: "Retirement")
KFFR
Property & real estate
(See also: VSH: "Housing & property for the individual: buying/selling & legal aspects")
KFFX
KJ
Banking & finance: study & revision guides
Business & Management
(Use KJ* codes for academic, specialist and professional level works; prefer VS* codes for
practical advice for the general reader)
KJB
KJBX
Business studies: general
Business & management: study & revision guides
KJC
Business strategy
KJD
Business innovation
KJDD
Disruptive innovation
(Use for developments that create new markets and value networks, and typically disrupt
and replace existing markets)
KJE
E-commerce: business aspects
(See also: KJSG: "Web-marketing")
KJF
Business competition
KJG
Business ethics & social responsibility
KJH
Entrepreneurship
KJJ
Business & the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business
KJK
International business
KJL
Consultancy & grants for businesses
KJM
Management & management techniques
(See also: VSC: "Advice on careers & achieving success")
KJMB
Management: leadership & motivation
KJMD
Management decision making
(See also: GPQ: "Decision theory: general")
KJMK
Knowledge management
KJMP
Project management
KJMQ
Quality Assurance (QA) & Total Quality Management (TQM)
KJMT
Time management
KJMV
Management of specific areas
KJMV1
Budgeting & financial management
KJMV2
Personnel & human resources management
KJMV4
Management of real estate, property & plant
KJMV5
Production & quality control management
KJMV6
Research & development management
KJMV7
Sales & marketing management
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KJMV8
Purchasing & supply management
KJMV9
Distribution & logistics management
KJN
Business negotiation
KJP
Business communication & presentation
KJQ
Business mathematics & systems
KJR
Corporate governance: role & responsibilities of boards & directors
(Class here: role & responsibilities of company secretary etc)
(See also: KJG: "Business ethics & social responsibility")
KJS
Sales & marketing
(See also: KJMV7: "Sales & marketing management")
KJSA
Advertising
KJSC
Brands & branding
KJSG
Web-marketing
(Class here: use of social media and online resources to market products)
(See also: KJE: "E-commerce: business aspects")
KJSM
Market research
KJSP
Public relations
KJSU
Customer services
KJT
Operational research
KJU
Organizational theory & behaviour
KJV
Ownership & organization of enterprises
KJVB
Takeovers, mergers & buy-outs
KJVD
Privatization
KJVF
Franchises
KJVG
Multinationals
KJVN
Public ownership / nationalization
KJVP
Monopolies
KJVS
Small businesses & self-employed
KJVT
Outsourcing
KJVV
Joint ventures
KJVW
Employee-ownership & co-operatives
KJVX
Non-profitmaking organizations
KJW
Office & workplace
KJWB
Office management
KJWF
Office systems & equipment
KJWS
Secretarial, clerical & office skills
KJWX
Working patterns & practices
(Class here: teleworking, call centres, etc)
KJZ
History of specific companies / corporate history
(See also: NHTK: "Industrialisation & industrial history")
KN
KNA
Industry & industrial studies
Agribusiness & primary industries
(Class here: fisheries, forestry, mining etc)
(See also: KCVD: "Agricultural economics")
KNB
Energy industries & utilities
(Class here: solid fuel, gas, electricity, nuclear power, petroleum, renewable energy and water
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industries)
KND
Manufacturing industries
(Class here: all manufacturing industries including food, chemicals, textiles, hi-tech, arms,
vehicles etc)
KNG
Transport industries
(Class here: all transport industries; road, shipping, railway, aerospace etc)
(See also: WG*: "Transport: general interest" and following)
KNJ
Construction & heavy industry
(Class here: iron & steel, metals industry)
KNP
Retail & wholesale industries
KNS
Hospitality & service industries
(Class here: tourism, hotel & catering, sports & leisure, security, fashion & beauty industries
etc)
KNT
Media, entertainment, information & communication industries
(Class here: advertising industries, postal, telecommunications industries etc)
(See also: GTC: "Communication studies"; JBCT: "Media studies")
KNTC
Cinema, TV & Radio industries
KNTF
Music industry
(Class here: recorded and live music sectors, music publishing)
KNTP
Publishing industry, book trade, the press & journalism
(Class here: e-book & digital publishing, journals, newspapers and magazines)
KNTX
Information technology industries
(See also: KJE: "E-commerce: business aspects")
KNV
Civil service & public sector
(See also: JPP: "Public administration")
KNX
Industrial relations, health & safety
(Class here: trade unions, industrial action, industrial arbitration & negotiation, industrial
health & safety etc. Use for all industry and commerce, not specifically manufacturing or heavy
industry)
KNXC
Health & safety issues
KNXN
Industrial arbitration & negotiation
KNXU
Trade unions
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L
LA
Law
Jurisprudence & general issues
LAB
Methods, theory & philosophy of law
LAF
Systems of law
LAFC
Systems of law: common law
LAFD
Systems of law: civil codes / civil law
LAFR
Systems of law: Roman law
LAFS
Systems of law: Islamic law
(See also: LW: "Shariah law")
LAFT
Systems of law: Jewish Law
LAFX
Systems of law: ecclesiastical (canon) law
LAM
Comparative law
LAQ
Law & society, sociology of law
LAQG
Law & society, gender issues
LAR
Legal aspects of criminology
LAS
Legal skills & practice
LASD
Legal skills: advocacy
LASP
Legal practice: paralegals & paralegalism
LAT
Legal profession: general
(See also: LNAL: "Legal systems: regulation of legal profession")
LATC
LAY
Legal ethics & professional conduct
Law as it applies to other professions & disciplines
(See also: VSD: "Law, citizenship & rights for the lay person")
LAZ
Legal history
LB
International law
LBB
LBBC
LBBC1
Public international law
Public international law: treaties & other sources
Public International law: customary law
LBBD
Public international law: diplomatic law
LBBF
Public international law: jurisdiction & immunities
LBBJ
Public international law: territory & statehood
LBBK
Public international law: law of the sea
(Class here: law concerning maritime boundaries, marine resources, etc as it affects
sovereign states)
(See also: LBDM: "International law, transport & commerce: maritime law")
LBBL
Public International law: health
LBBM
Public international law: economic & trade
LBBM1
Public international law, economic & trade: tariffs
LBBM3
Public international law, economic & trade: investment treaties & disputes
LBBM5
Public international law: energy & natural resources
LBBM7
LBBP
LBBP1
Public international law, economic & trade: corporations
Public international law: environment
Public international law, environment: agricultural law
LBBQ
Public international law: administration
LBBR
Public international law: human rights
LBBR1
Public international law, human rights: labour & social
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LBBS
Public international law: humanitarian law
(Class here: refugee law, law of war)
LBBU
Public international law: international organisations & institutions
LBBV
Public international law: responsibility of states & other entities
LBBZ
Public international law: criminal law
LBD
International law: transport, communications & commerce
LBDA
International law, transport: space & aerospace law
LBDK
International law: transnational commerce & international sale of goods law
LBDM
International law, transport & commerce: maritime law
(Class here: law concerning shipping, cargo, insurance, piracy etc as it affects commercial
bodies but not sovereign states)
(See also: LBBK: "Public international law: law of the sea")
LBDT
International law: communications, telecommunications & media
LBG
Private international law & conflict of laws
LBH
International law: international disputes & civil procedure
LBHG
International law: courts & procedures
LBHT
International law: arbitration
LBJ
International law: intellectual property
LBK
International law: sports
LBL
International law reports
LN
Laws of specific jurisdictions & specific areas of law
(With LN* codes, assign also GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifiers to indicate jurisdiction, as appropriate)
LNA
Legal systems: general
LNAA
Legal systems: courts & procedure
LNAA1
Legal systems: judicial powers
LNAA2
Legal systems: law of contempt
LNAC
Legal systems: civil procedure, litigation & dispute resolution
(See also: LNFX: "Criminal procedure")
LNAC1
Civil remedies
LNAC12
Restitution
LNAC14
Damages & compensation
LNAC16
Injunctions & other orders
LNAC3
Civil procedure: law of evidence
LNAC4
Civil procedure: investigation & specific proceedings
LNAC5
Arbitration, mediation & alternative dispute resolution
LNAF
Legal systems: costs & funding
LNAL
Legal systems: regulation of legal profession
LNB
Private or civil law: general
LNBA
Legal entity (natural & legal persons)
LNBB
Civil registration system
LNC
LNCB
Company, commercial & competition law: general
Commercial law
LNCB1
Franchising law
LNCB2
E-commerce law
LNCB3
Sale of goods law
LNCB4
Outsourcing law
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LNCB5
Shipping law
(See also: LBDM: "International law, transport & commerce: maritime law")
LNCB6
Aviation law
LNCB7
Catering, restaurants & crafts law
LNCC
Regulatory compliance
LNCD
Company law
LNCD1
Mergers & acquisitions law
LNCE
Registry & proceedings law
LNCF
Partnership & cooperative law
LNCG
Transformation law, change of corporate form
LNCH
Competition law / Antitrust law
LNCJ
Contract law
LNCK
Company & business offences
LNCL
Agency law
LNCN
Procurement law
LNCQ
Construction & engineering law
LNCQ1
Private construction & engineering law
LNCQ2
Public construction law
LNCR
LND
LNDA
LNDA1
LNDA3
LNDB
Energy & natural resources law
Constitutional & administrative law: general
Citizenship & nationality law
Immigration law
Asylum law
Administrative jurisdiction & public administration
LNDB1
Administrative law, general
LNDB2
Administrative procedure & courts
LNDB3
State & public properties & assets
LNDB4
Sanctioning power of the administration
LNDB5
Compulsory expropriation, compulsory purchase, eminent domain
LNDB6
Making of rules & administrative acts
LNDB7
Regulation of public services
LNDB8
Law of science & research, university college law
(See also: PDJ: "Regulation of science & experimentation")
LNDC
Human rights & civil liberties
LNDC1
Constitutional law & human rights
LNDC2
Privacy law
LNDC4
Freedom of expression law
LNDC5
History of constitution & comparative constitutional law
LNDE
Civil Servants law
LNDF
Freedom of information law
LNDG
Religious law & concordats
LNDH
Government powers
LNDJ
State liability & compensation law
LNDK
Military & defence law & civilian service law
LNDL
Safety & police law, regulatory & weapons law
LNDM
Judicial review
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LNDP
Parliamentary & legislative practice
LNDS
Election law
LNDU
Local government law
LNDV
Regional government law
LNDX
Constitution
LNE
Economic administrative law & public commercial law
LNEA
Financial administration & public finance law
LNEB
Foreign economics & customs law
LNEC
Law of allowances & subsidies
LNEF
Public procurement, services & supplies
LNF
Criminal law: procedure & offences
LNFB
Criminal justice law
LNFG
Criminal law: offences against the government
LNFG1
LNFG2
LNFJ
Offences against the State, against public administration & the administration of justice
Offences against land use & city planning, monument, land & environment protection
Criminal law: offences against the person
LNFJ1
Harassment & stalking
LNFJ2
Gender violence
LNFL
Criminal law: offences against property
LNFN
Fraud
LNFQ
Juvenile criminal law
LNFR
Offences against public health, safety, order
LNFS
Criminal law: additional penalty law
LNFT
Road traffic law, motoring offences
LNFU
Criminal law: fiscal offences
LNFV
Criminal law: terrorism law
LNFW
Corruption
LNFX
Criminal procedure
LNFX1
Sentencing & punishment
LNFX3
Criminal procedure: law of evidence
LNFX31
LNFX5
LNFX51
LNFX7
LNFY
LNH
Criminal procedure: investigation & specific proceedings
Police law & police procedures
Police law: preliminary injunction
Prison law
Jury trials
Employment & labour law: general
LNHD
Discrimination in employment & harassment law
LNHH
Occupational health & safety law, working time law
LNHJ
Labour rules violations & penalties
LNHR
Industrial relations & trade unions law
LNHU
Employment contracts
LNHW
Law of professional training
LNHX
Employment & labour law: procedure, dispute resolution
LNJ
Entertainment & media law
LNJD
Defamation law, slander & libel
LNJS
Sport & the law
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LNJX
LNK
Advertising, marketing & sponsorship law
Environment, transport & planning law: general
LNKF
Agricultural law
LNKG
Animal law
LNKJ
Environment law
LNKK
Disaster control & fire protection law
LNKN
Nature conservation law
LNKP
Water & wastewater law
LNKT
Transport law
LNKV
Ways & highways law
LNKW
Planning law
LNKX
Protection of historic buildings & cultural assets
LNL
Law: equity & trusts, foundations
LNM
Family law
LNMB
Family law: marriage, separation & divorce
LNMC
Family law: cohabitation
LNMF
Family law: same-sex partnership
LNMI
Family law: financial statement between spouses
LNMK
Family law: children
LNP
Financial law: general
LNPA
Accounting & auditing law
LNPB
Banking law
LNPC
Bankruptcy & insolvency
LNPC1
Bankruptcy law: extrajudicial procedures
LNPD
Capital markets & securities law & regulation
LNPF
Financial services law & regulation
LNPN
Insurance law
LNPP
Pensions, old-age provisions & private compensation
LNQ
IT & Communications law / Postal laws & regulations
(See also: LNCB2: "E-commerce law")
LNQD
Data protection law
LNQE
Computer crime, cybercrime
LNR
Intellectual property law
LNRC
Copyright law
LNRD
Patents law
LNRF
Trademarks law
LNRL
Designs law
LNRV
Confidential information law
LNS
Property law: general
(See also: LNKW: "Planning law")
LNSH
Land & real estate law
LNSH1
Ownership & mortgage law
LNSH3
Landlord & tenant law
LNSH5
Conveyancing law
LNSH7
Rating & valuation law
LNSH9
Housing law
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LNSP
LNT
Personal property law
Social law & Medical law
LNTC
Charity law
LNTD
Education law
LNTH
Social security & welfare law
LNTH1
Social insurance law
LNTJ
Public health & safety law
LNTM
Medical & healthcare law
LNTM1
Mental health law
LNTM2
Regulation of medicines & medical devices
LNTN
Pharmaceutical law
LNTQ
Disability & the law
LNTS
Law & the elderly
LNTU
Consumer protection law
LNTV
Food law
LNTX
Licensing, gaming & club law
LNU
Taxation & duties law
LNUC
Corporate & business tax
LNUD
Local taxation, charges, public prices, excise duties
LNUP
Personal tax
LNUS
Sales tax & tariffs & customs duties
LNUT
Trusts & estates taxation, gift tax
LNUU
Real estate tax, property valuation
LNUV
Excise taxes
LNUW
Other transaction taxes
LNUX
International taxation law
LNUY
Taxation procedure
LNV
Law of torts, damages & compensation
(See also: LNAC14: "Damages & compensation")
LNVC
Negligence
(Use for both general & professional negligence)
LNVF
Nuisance
LNVJ
Personal injury
LNW
Law: wills, probate, succession
LNZ
Primary sources of law
LNZC
Sources of law: case law, precedent
LNZL
Sources of law: legislation
LW
LWF
Shariah law
Shariah law: four Schools of Fiqh
LWFA
Shariah law: Al-Shafi’i School of Fiqh
LWFB
Shariah law: Al-Hanbali School of Fiqh
LWFC
Shariah law: Al-Maaliki School of Fiqh
LWFD
Shariah law: Al-Hanafi School of Fiqh
LWK
Shariah law: key topics & practice
LWKF
Shariah law: family relations
LWKG
Shariah law: crime & punishment
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LWKH
Shariah law: inheritance & disposal of property
LWKL
Shariah law: economics & finance
LWKM
Shariah law: dietary
LWKN
Shariah law: alcohol & gambling
LWKP
Shariah law: customs & behaviour
LWKR
Shariah law: administration of justice (including penalties & apostasy)
LWKT
Shariah law: Islamic rituals
LWKT1
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: purification
LWKT2
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: jihad
LWKT3
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: prayer & funeral prayer
LWKT4
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: zakat (alms)
LWKT5
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: fasting
LWKT6
Shariah law: Islamic rituals: pilgrimage
LX
Law: study & revision guides
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M
MB
MBD
Medicine & Nursing
Medicine: general issues
Medical profession
MBDC
Medical ethics & professional conduct
MBDP
Doctor/patient relationship
MBDS
Patient safety
(Use for professional and specialist works concerning procedures, safeguards, standards &
training designed to ensure the safety & welfare of patients within healthcare systems)
(See also: MJCJ3: "Hospital infections")
MBF
Medical & health informatics
(See also: PSAX: "Computational biology / bioinformatics")
MBG
Medical equipment & techniques
MBGL
Medical laboratory testing & techniques
MBGR
Medical research
MBGR1
Clinical trials
MBGT
MBN
Telemedicine
Public health & preventive medicine
MBNC
Medical screening
MBNH
Personal & public health
(Class here: specialist & professional works on health education, patient education)
MBNH1
Hygiene
MBNH2
Environmental factors
MBNH3
Dietetics & nutrition
MBNH4
Birth control, contraception, family planning
MBNH9
Health psychology
MBNS
MBP
Epidemiology & medical statistics
Health systems & services
MBPA
Primary care medicine, primary health care
MBPC
General practice
MBPK
Mental health services
MBPM
Medical administration & management
MBPR
Medical insurance
MBQ
Medicolegal issues
MBS
Medical sociology
MBX
History of medicine
(See also: NHTF: "History: plagues, diseases etc")
MF
Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences
(See also: PSB: "Biochemistry")
MFC
Anatomy
MFCC
Cytology
MFCH
Histology
MFCR
Regional anatomy
MFCX
Dissection
MFG
Physiology
MFGC
Cellular physiology
MFGG
Regional physiology
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MFGM
Metabolism
MFGV
Biomechanics, human kinetics
(Class here: exercise physiology)
(See also: SCGF: "Sport science, physical education")
MFK
MFKC
Human reproduction, growth & development
Reproductive medicine
MFKC1
Infertility & fertilization
MFKC3
Embryology
MFKH
MFKH3
MFN
MJ
MJA
MJAD
MJC
MJCG
MJCG1
MJCJ
Human growth & development
Maturation & ageing
Medical genetics
Clinical & internal medicine
Medical diagnosis
Examination of patients
Diseases & disorders
Congenital diseases & disorders
Hereditary diseases & disorders
Infectious & contagious diseases
MJCJ1
Venereal diseases
MJCJ2
HIV / AIDS
MJCJ3
Hospital infections
(See also: MBDS: "Patient safety")
MJCL
Oncology
MJCL1
Radiotherapy
MJCL2
Chemotherapy
MJCM
Immunology
MJCM1
Allergies
MJD
Cardiovascular medicine
MJE
Musculoskeletal medicine
(See also: MNS: "Surgical orthopaedics & fractures")
MJF
Haematology
MJG
Endocrinology
MJGD
Diabetes
MJH
Gastroenterology
MJJ
Hepatology
MJK
Dermatology
MJL
Respiratory medicine
MJM
Rheumatology
MJP
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
MJPD
Audiology & otology
MJQ
Ophthalmology
MJR
Renal medicine & nephrology
MJRD
MJS
Haemodialysis
Urology & urogenital medicine
(Class here: male sexual dysfunction)
MK
Medical specialties, branches of medicine
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MKA
MKAL
Anaesthetics
Pain & pain management
MKB
Palliative medicine
MKC
Gynaecology & obstetrics
MKCM
MKD
MKDN
MKE
MKEP
MKF
Materno-fetal medicine
Paediatric medicine
Neonatal medicine
Dentistry
Oral & maxillofacial surgery
Pathology
MKFC
Cytopathology
MKFH
Histopathology
(Class here: biopsy)
MKFM
MKFP
MKG
Medical microbiology & virology
Medical parasitology
Pharmacology
MKGT
Medical toxicology
MKGW
Psychopharmacology
MKH
MKHC
MKJ
MKJA
MKJD
Regenerative medicine
Stem cells
Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
Autism & Asperger’s Syndrome
Alzheimer’s & dementia
MKL
Psychiatry
MKM
Clinical psychology
(See also: JMP: "Abnormal psychology")
MKMT
Psychotherapy
MKMT1
Psychotherapy: general
MKMT2
Psychotherapy: group
MKMT3
Psychotherapy: child & adolescent
MKMT4
Psychotherapy: couples & families
MKMT5
Psychotherapy: counselling
MKMT6
Cognitive behavioural therapy
MKN
Geriatric medicine
MKP
Accident & emergency medicine
MKPB
Trauma & shock
MKPD
Burns
MKPL
Intensive care medicine
MKR
Nuclear medicine
MKS
Medical imaging
(See also: TTBM: "Imaging systems & technology")
MKSF
Ultrasonics
MKSG
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR / MRI)
MKSH
Radiology
MKSJ
Tomography
MKT
Forensic medicine
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MKV
Environmental medicine
MKVB
Aviation & space medicine
MKVD
Diving & hyperbaric medicine
MKVP
Occupational medicine
(See also: KNX: "Industrial relations, health & safety")
MKVT
MKW
Tropical medicine
Sports injuries & medicine
(See also: SCGF: "Sport science, physical education")
MKZ
Therapy & therapeutics
(See also: MJCL1: "Radiotherapy"; MJCL2: "Chemotherapy"; MKMT*: "Psychotherapy" and
following; MQS: "Physiotherapy"; MQT*: "Occupational therapy" and following)
MKZD
Eating disorders & therapy
MKZF
Obesity: treatment & therapy
MKZL
Speech & language disorders & therapy
MKZR
Addiction & therapy
MKZS
Sleep disorders & therapy
MKZV
Gene therapy
MN
Surgery
(See also: MKEP: "Oral & maxillofacial surgery")
MNB
Surgical techniques
MNC
General surgery
MND
Abdominal surgery
MNG
Gastrointestinal & colorectal surgery
MNH
Cardiothoracic surgery
MNJ
Vascular surgery
MNK
Surgical oncology
MNL
Critical care surgery
MNN
Neurosurgery
MNP
Plastic & reconstructive surgery
MNPC
Cosmetic surgery
MNQ
Transplant surgery
MNS
Surgical orthopaedics & fractures
(See also: MJE: "Musculoskeletal medicine")
MNZ
MQ
MQC
Peri-operative care
Nursing & ancillary services
Nursing
MQCA
Nursing fundamentals & skills
MQCB
Nursing research & theory
MQCH
Nurse/patient relationship
MQCL
Nursing specialties
MQCL1
Accident & emergency nursing
MQCL2
Intensive care nursing
MQCL3
Paediatric nursing
MQCL4
Geriatric nursing
MQCL5
Psychiatric nursing
MQCL6
Surgical nursing
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MQCL9
Terminal care nursing
MQCM
Nursing pharmacology
MQCW
Nursing sociology
MQCX
Community nursing
MQCZ
Nursing management & leadership
MQD
MQDB
Midwifery
Birthing methods
MQF
First aid & paramedical services
MQH
Radiography
MQK
Chiropody & podiatry
MQP
Pharmacy / dispensing
MQR
Optometry / opticians
MQS
Physiotherapy
MQT
Occupational therapy
MQTC
Creative therapy (eg art, music, drama)
MQU
Medical counselling
MQV
Rehabilitation
MQVB
MQW
Rehabilitation: brain & spinal injuries
Biomedical engineering
MQWB
Orthotics
MQWP
Prosthetics
MQZ
MR
MRG
Mortuary practice
Medical study & revision guides & reference material
Medical study & revision guides
MRGD
Medical revision aids: MRCP
MRGK
Medical revision aids: MRCS
MRGL
Medical revision aids: PLAB
MRT
MX
Medical charts, colour atlases
Complementary medicine
(Use MX* codes for works for medical students & practitioners; prefer VXH* codes for popular &
Mind Body Spirit treatments)
(See also: VXH*: "Complementary therapies, healing & health" and following)
MXH
MZ
Chiropractic & osteopathy
Veterinary medicine
MZC
Veterinary medicine: small animals (pets)
MZD
Veterinary medicine: large animals (domestic / farm)
MZDH
Equine veterinary medicine
MZF
Veterinary medicine: laboratory animals
MZG
Veterinary medicine: exotic & zoo animals
MZH
Veterinary anatomy & physiology
MZK
Veterinary pathology & histology
MZL
Veterinary nutrition
MZM
Veterinary medicine: infectious diseases & therapeutics
MZMP
Veterinary bacteriology, virology, parasitology
MZP
Veterinary pharmacology
MZR
Veterinary radiology
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MZS
MZSN
Veterinary surgery
Veterinary anaesthetics
MZT
Veterinary dentistry
MZV
Veterinary nursing
MZX
Complementary medicine for animals
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N
NH
History & Archaeology
History
(For histories of specific subjects, use appropriate category within that subject where present, eg
PDX “History of science”)
NHA
History: theory & methods
NHAH
Historiography
NHAP
Historical research: source documents
(See also: CFL: "Palaeography (study & history of writing)")
NHB
General & world history
NHC
Ancient history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHD
European history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDA
European history: the Romans
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDC
European history: the Celts
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDE
European history: the Vikings
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDG
European history: the Normans
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDJ
European history: medieval period, middle ages
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDL
European history: Renaissance
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHDN
European history: Reformation
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHF
Asian history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHG
Middle Eastern history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHH
African history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHHA
African history: pre-colonial period
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHK
History of the Americas
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHKA
History of the Americas: pre-Columbian period
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHM
Australasian & Pacific history
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHQ
History of other lands
(Assign also relevant GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers)
NHT
History: specific events & topics
(Use NHT* codes with regional NH* codes where possible; also assign GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME
PERIOD Qualifiers as appropriate)
NHTB
Social & cultural history
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NHTD
Oral history
NHTF
History: plagues, diseases etc
(See also: MBX: "History of medicine")
NHTG
Genealogy, heraldry, names & honours
(See also: WQY: "Family history, tracing ancestors"; VFXB1: "Baby names: guides for
parents"; GTT: "Flags, emblems, symbols, logos")
NHTK
Industrialisation & industrial history
(See also: KJZ: "History of specific companies / corporate history")
NHTM
Maritime history
NHTP
Historical geography
NHTP1
Historical maps & atlases
(See also: RGXB: "World atlases / world maps")
NHTQ
Colonialism & imperialism
NHTR
National liberation & independence, post-colonialism
NHTS
Slavery & abolition of slavery
NHTT
Invasion & occupation
NHTV
Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions
(See also: JPWQ: "Revolutionary groups & movements")
NHTW
The Cold War
NHTZ
Genocide & ethnic cleansing
NHTZ1
NHW
The Holocaust
Military history
(With all NHW* codes, assign GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers as appropriate)
(See also: JW*: "Warfare & defence" and following)
NHWA
Ancient warfare
NHWF
Early modern warfare (including gunpowder warfare)
NHWL
Modern warfare
NHWR
Specific wars & campaigns
NHWR1
Specific battles
NHWR3
Civil wars
NHWR5
First World War
NHWR7
Second World War
NHWR9
Military history: post-WW2 conflicts
NK
Archaeology
NKA
Archaeological theory
NKD
Archaeology by period / region
(Assign also GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers as appropriate)
NKL
Landscape archaeology
NKP
Environmental archaeology
NKR
Underwater archaeology
NKT
Industrial archaeology
NKV
Battlefield archaeology
NKX
Archaeological science, methodology & techniques
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P
PB
Mathematics & Science
Mathematics
PBB
Philosophy of mathematics
PBC
Mathematical foundations
PBCD
Mathematical logic
PBCH
Set theory
PBCN
Number systems
PBD
Discrete mathematics
(Class here: finite mathematics)
PBF
Algebra
PBG
Groups & group theory
PBH
Number theory
PBJ
Pre-calculus
PBK
Calculus & mathematical analysis
PBKA
Calculus
PBKB
Real analysis, real variables
PBKD
Complex analysis, complex variables
PBKF
Functional analysis & transforms
(Class here: Fourier, Hilbert, Laplace, Z transforms)
PBKJ
Differential calculus & equations
PBKL
Integral calculus & equations
PBKQ
Calculus of variations
PBKS
PBM
Numerical analysis
Geometry
PBMB
Trigonometry
PBMH
Euclidean geometry
PBML
Non-Euclidean geometry
PBMP
Differential & Riemannian geometry
PBMS
Analytic geometry
PBMW
Algebraic geometry
PBMX
PBP
Fractal geometry
Topology
PBPD
Algebraic topology
PBPH
Analytic topology
PBT
Probability & statistics
PBTB
Bayesian inference
PBU
PBUD
PBUH
Optimization
Game theory
Linear programming
PBV
Combinatorics & graph theory
PBW
Applied mathematics
(See also: TBJ: "Maths for engineers"; PDE: "Maths for scientists"; UYAM: "Maths for computer
scientists")
PBWH
Mathematical modelling
PBWL
Stochastics
PBWR
Nonlinear science
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PBWS
Chaos theory
PBWX
Fuzzy set theory
PBX
PD
History of mathematics
Science: general issues
PDA
Philosophy of science
PDC
Scientific nomenclature & classification
PDD
Scientific standards, measurement etc
PDE
Maths for scientists
(See also: PBW: "Applied mathematics")
PDG
Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation
PDJ
Regulation of science & experimentation
(Use for works on regulation, whether legal or directed by other bodies or authorities, aimed at
scientists and practitioners. Use with other P* code indicating area of science where
appropriate. See LNDB8 for works aimed at legal professionals)
PDK
Science funding & policy
PDM
Scientific research
PDN
Scientific equipment, experiments & techniques
PDR
Impact of science & technology on society
(Use with appropriate code from Section J wherever possible)
PDT
Nanosciences
(Use for nanomaterials, nanomaterial synthesis, nanoparticle chemistry. See TBN for general
and nano-engineering aspects of nanotechnology)
PDX
History of science
(See also: TBX: "History of engineering & technology")
PDZ
Popular science
(Use with other P* code indicating area of science given popular treatment)
(See also: WNX: "Popular astronomy & space"; WNW*: "The Earth: natural history: general
interest" and following)
PG
Astronomy, space & time
(See also: TTD*: "Space science" and following)
PGC
Theoretical & mathematical astronomy
(See also: PHVB: "Astrophysics")
PGG
Astronomical observation: observatories, equipment & methods
(See also: WNX: "Popular astronomy & space")
PGK
Cosmology & the universe
PGM
Galaxies & stars
PGS
Solar system: the Sun & planets
PGT
Astronomical charts & atlases
PGZ
Time (chronology), time systems & standards
PH
PHD
Physics
Classical mechanics
PHDB
Elementary mechanics
PHDD
Analytical mechanics
PHDF
Fluid mechanics
PHDS
Wave mechanics (vibration & acoustics)
PHDT
Dynamics & statics
PHDV
Gravity
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PHDY
PHF
Energy
Materials / States of matter
PHFB
Low temperature physics
PHFC
Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
PHFC1
PHFC2
Soft matter physics
Mesoscopic physics
PHFG
Physics of gases
PHFP
Plasma physics
PHH
Thermodynamics & heat
PHJ
Optical physics
PHJL
Laser physics
PHK
Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
PHM
Atomic & molecular physics
PHN
Nuclear physics
PHP
Particle & high-energy physics
PHQ
Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory)
PHR
Relativity physics
PHS
Statistical physics
PHU
Mathematical physics
PHV
Applied physics
PHVB
Astrophysics
PHVD
Medical physics
PHVG
Geophysics
(See also: RBG*: "Geology & the lithosphere" and following)
PHVJ
Atmospheric physics
PHVN
Biophysics
PHVQ
Chemical physics
PHVS
Cryogenics
PN
Chemistry
(See also: TDC: "Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering"; TQ*: "Environmental science,
engineering & technology" and following)
PNB
Medicinal chemistry
(Class here drug discovery and design, drug development)
(See also: MKG: "Pharmacology")
PNC
Environmental chemistry
(Use TQ* for practical applications of environmental chemistry. Class here: atmospheric, soil
and water chemistry, chemical pollution and remediation)
(See also: RBGK: "Geochemistry")
PND
Food chemistry
(Use TDCT2 for practical applications of food chemistry)
PNF
Analytical chemistry
PNFC
Chromatography
PNFR
Magnetic resonance
PNFS
Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
PNK
Inorganic chemistry
PNN
Organic chemistry
PNND
Organometallic chemistry
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PNNP
PNR
Polymer chemistry
Physical chemistry
PNRA
Computational chemistry
PNRC
Colloid chemistry
PNRD
Catalysis
PNRD1
PNRH
Bio-catalysis
Electrochemistry & magnetochemistry
(Class here: battery technology)
PNRL
Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry & radiation
PNRP
Quantum & theoretical chemistry
PNRR
Physical organic chemistry
PNRS
Solid state chemistry
PNRW
Thermochemistry & chemical thermodynamics
PNRX
Surface chemistry & adsorption
PNT
Crystallography
PNV
Mineralogy & gems
PS
Biology, life sciences
(Use PS* codes for academic, specialist and professional level works; prefer WN* codes for
natural history etc for the general reader)
(See also: WN*: "Nature & the natural world: general interest" and following)
PSA
Life sciences: general issues
PSAB
Taxonomy & systematics
PSAD
Bio-ethics
(See also: MBDC: "Medical ethics & professional conduct"; JBFV: "Ethical issues & debates")
PSAF
Ecological science, the Biosphere
(Use for comprehensive scientific, objective & descriptive works on living organisms & their
relationship with their environment)
(See also: RNC: "Applied ecology")
PSAG
Xenobiotics
PSAJ
Evolution
PSAK
Genetics (non-medical)
(Class here: DNA, Genome etc)
(See also: TCBG: "Genetic engineering"; MFN: "Medical genetics")
PSAN
Neurosciences
(Use MKMT6 “Cognitive behavioural therapy” for therapeutic aspects of neuroscience.)
(See also: MKJ: "Neurology & clinical neurophysiology"; GTK: "Cognitive studies")
PSAN1
Cellular & molecular neuroscience
PSAN2
Developmental neuroscience
PSAN3
Neuroimaging & neuroanatomy
PSAN4
Sensory & motor systems
PSAN5
Cognitive & behavioural neuroscience
PSAX
Computational biology / bioinformatics
(See also: MBF: "Medical & health informatics")
PSB
Biochemistry
(Class here: biochemical immunology, non-medical toxicology, enzymology, lipids etc)
PSC
Developmental biology
PSD
Molecular biology
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PSE
Chemical biology
(Class here: synthetic biology)
PSF
Cellular biology (cytology)
PSG
Microbiology (non-medical)
(Class here: protozoa, non-medical bacteriology, parasitology, virology etc)
PSGN
PSP
Protozoa
Hydrobiology
(See also: RBK: "Hydrology & the hydrosphere")
PSPF
Freshwater biology
(See also: RBKF: "Limnology (freshwater)")
PSPM
Marine biology
(See also: RBKC: "Oceanography (seas)")
PSQ
Mycology, fungi (non-medical)
PST
Botany & plant sciences
PSTB
PSV
Plant biology
Zoology & animal sciences
(See also: WNC: "Wildlife: general interest")
PSVA
Zoology: insects (entomology) & other invertebrates
(Class here: molluscs, crustaceans, arachnids (spiders), annelids (worms))
(See also: WNCN: "Wildlife: butterflies, other insects & spiders: general interest")
PSVC
Zoology: fishes (ichthyology)
(See also: WNCS: "Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest")
PSVF
Zoology: amphibians & reptiles (herpetology)
(See also: WNCK: "Wildlife: reptiles & amphibians: general interest")
PSVJ
Zoology: birds (ornithology)
(See also: WNCB: "Wildlife: birds & birdwatching: general interest")
PSVM
Zoology: mammals
(See also: WNCF: "Wildlife: mammals: general interest")
PSVM1
Zoology: marsupials & monotremes
PSVM2
Zoology: marine & freshwater mammals
(Class here: cetacea & sirenia – whales, dolphins, seacows, etc; class seals, sea lions,
walruses, etc under PSVM)
(See also: WNCS: "Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest")
PSVM3
Zoology: primates (primatology)
(Class here: lemurs, monkeys, apes)
PSX
Human biology
PSXE
Early man
(Class here: hominidae & human forebears)
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Q
QD
QDH
Philosophy & Religion
Philosophy
History of philosophy, philosophical traditions
QDHA
Ancient philosophy
QDHC
East Asian & Indian philosophy
QDHF
Medieval philosophy
(Class here: Scholastic & Humanist philosophy, Aquinas, Erasmus, etc)
QDHK
Islamic & Arab philosophy
(See also: QRP*: "Islam" and following)
QDHM
Western philosophy: Enlightenment
(Class here: Empiricism, Rationalism, Descartes to Kant)
QDHR
Modern philosophy: since c 1800
QDHR1
Idealism
QDHR3
Pragmatism
QDHR5
Phenomenology & Existentialism
QDHR7
Structuralism & Post-structuralism
QDHR9
Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism
QDT
Topics in philosophy
(See also: KCA: "Economic theory & philosophy"; JNA: "Philosophy & theory of education"; CFA:
"Philosophy of language"; PBB: "Philosophy of mathematics"; PDA: "Philosophy of science")
QDTJ
Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology
(See also: QRAB: "Philosophy of religion")
QDTK
Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge
QDTL
Philosophy: logic
QDTM
Philosophy of mind
(See also: JMA: "Psychological theory & schools of thought"; GTK: "Cognitive studies")
QDTN
Philosophy: aesthetics
(See also: ABA: "Theory of art")
QDTQ
Ethics & moral philosophy
(See also: JBFV: "Ethical issues & debates"; KJG: "Business ethics & social responsibility";
LATC: "Legal ethics & professional conduct"; MBDC: "Medical ethics & professional conduct";
PSAD: "Bio-ethics")
QDTS
Social & political philosophy
(See also: JPA: "Political science & theory"; JPF: "Political ideologies"; LAB: "Methods, theory
& philosophy of law")
QDX
Popular philosophy
(Class here: accessible works for the general reader seeking to apply principles of philosophy to
everyday life)
(See also: JBFV: "Ethical issues & debates"; VSP: "Popular psychology")
QR
QRA
QRAB
QRAB1
Religion & beliefs
Religion: general
Philosophy of religion
Nature & existence of God
QRAC
Comparative religion
QRAF
Interfaith relations
QRAM
Religious issues & debates
(Use QRAM* codes with other QR* code indicating religion concerned, or with QRAC if
comparative)
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QRAM1
Religious ethics
QRAM2
Religion & politics
QRAM3
Religion & science
QRAM6
Religious fundamentalism
QRAM7
Blasphemy, heresy, apostasy
QRAM9
Religious intolerance, persecution & conflict
(Class here: ‘holy war’, Jihad)
QRAX
QRD
History of religion
Hinduism
QRDB
Hinduism: branches & groups
QRDF
Hindu sacred texts
QRDF1
Hindu texts: Vedas, Upanishads
QRDF2
Hindu texts: Bhagavad Gita
QRDP
QRF
QRFB
Hindu life & practice
Buddhism
Buddhism: branches & groups
QRFB1
Theravada Buddhism
QRFB2
Mahayana Buddhism
QRFB21
Tibetan Buddhism
QRFB23
Zen Buddhism
QRFF
Buddhist sacred texts
QRFP
Buddhist life & practice
QRJ
QRJB
Judaism
Judaism: branches & groups
QRJB1
Orthodox Judaism
QRJB3
Liberal & Reform Judaism
QRJF
Judaism: sacred texts
QRJF1
Jewish texts: Tanakh, Torah
QRJF5
Rabbinic literature
QRJP
Judaism: life & practice
QRM
QRMB
Christianity
Christian Churches, denominations, groups
QRMB1
Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic Church
QRMB2
Orthodox & Oriental Orthodox Churches
(Class here: Greek, Russian, Coptic, Syrian Churches, etc)
QRMB3
Protestantism & Protestant Churches
QRMB31
Anglican & Episcopalian Churches
(Class here: Church of England)
QRMB32
Baptist Churches
QRMB33
Calvinist, Reformed & Presbyterian Churches
(Class here: United Reformed, Church of Scotland, Huguenots, etc)
QRMB34
Lutheran Churches
QRMB35
Methodist Churches
QRMB36
Pentecostal Churches
QRMB37
Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)
QRMB39
Other Nonconformist & Evangelical Churches
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QRMB5
Denominations of American origin
(Class here: Adventists, Mormons (Latter Day Saints), Jehovah’s Witnesses, Christian
Science, etc)
QRMB8
Christian & quasi-Christian cults & sects
QRMB9
Ecumenism
QRMF
QRMF1
Christianity: sacred texts
Bibles
QRMF12
Old Testaments
QRMF13
New Testaments
QRMF19
Bible readings, selections & meditations
QRMP
QRMP1
QRP
QRPB
Christian life & practice
Christian sacraments
Islam
Islam: branches & groups
QRPB1
Islamic groups: Sunni, Alsalaf
QRPB2
Islamic groups: Khawarij, Kharijite
QRPB3
Islamic groups: Shi’ah, Shi’ite
QRPB4
Islamic groups: Sufis
QRPF
QRPF1
QRPP
QRR
Islamic sacred texts
The Koran (Qur’an)
Islamic life & practice
Other World religions
QRRB
Baha’i
QRRC
Jainism
QRRD
Sikhism
QRRF
Zoroastrianism
QRRL
East Asian religions
QRRL1
Confucianism
QRRL3
Shintoism
QRRL5
Taoism
QRRT
QRS
Tribal religions
Ancient religions & mythologies
(Class here: paganism; use with GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifier as appropriate)
QRSA
Ancient Egyptian religion & mythology
QRSG
Ancient Greek religion & mythology
QRSL
Roman religion & mythology
QRST
Celtic religion & mythology
QRSW
Norse religion & mythology
QRV
Aspects of religion
(Use QRV* codes after other QR* code indicating religion concerned; prefer religion-specific
codes above where available, eg for Buddhist sacred texts, use QRFF, not QRF with QRVA)
QRVA
Sacred texts
QRVC
Criticism & exegesis of sacred texts
(Class here: concordances, commentaries)
QRVG
Theology
QRVH
Sermons
(See also: DNS: "Speeches")
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QRVJ
QRVJ1
Prayers & liturgical material
Worship, rites & ceremonies
(Class here: religious festivals, pilgrimage, etc)
QRVJ2
Prayer & prayerbooks
QRVJ3
Devotional material
QRVK
QRVK2
Spirituality & religious experience
Mysticism
QRVP
Religious life & practice
QRVP3
Religious instruction
QRVP5
Religious counselling
QRVP7
Religious aspects of sexuality, gender & relationships
QRVS
QRVS1
Religious institutions & organizations
Religious & spiritual figures
(Class here: religious leaders and influential or inspirational figures such as saints, gurus,
mystics, prophets, theologians etc)
QRVS2
Religious social & pastoral thought & activity
QRVS3
Religious ministry
QRVS4
Religious mission & conversion
QRVS5
Religious communities & monasticism
QRVX
QRY
QRYA
QRYA5
QRYC
Personal religious testimony & popular inspirational works
Alternative belief systems
Humanist & secular alternatives to religion
Agnosticism & atheism
Eclectic & esoteric religions & belief systems
QRYC1
Gnosticism
QRYC5
Theosophy & Anthroposophy
QRYM
Contemporary non-Christian & para-Christian cults & sects
(Class here: Scientology, apocalyptic cults, etc)
QRYM2
QRYX
Spiritualism
Occult studies
(Use for serious & academic works only)
(See also: VXW*: "Mysticism, magic & occult interests" and following)
QRYX2
Magic, alchemy & hermetic thought
QRYX5
Witchcraft
QRYX9
Satanism & demonology
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R
RB
Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning
Earth sciences
(Use RB* codes for academic, specialist and professional level works; prefer WN* codes for
natural history etc for the general reader)
(See also: RGB*: "Physical geography & topography" and following)
RBC
Volcanology & seismology
RBG
Geology & the lithosphere
(See also: PHVG: "Geophysics")
RBGB
Soil science, sedimentology
(See also: PNC: "Environmental chemistry"; TNCC: "Soil & rock mechanics")
RBGD
Geological surface processes (geomorphology)
(Class here: erosion, glaciology)
RBGF
Historical geology
(Class here: plate tectonics, continental drift)
RBGG
Petrology
RBGH
Stratigraphy
RBGK
Geochemistry
(See also: PNC: "Environmental chemistry"; PNV: "Mineralogy & gems")
RBGL
Economic geology
(Class here: petroleum & mining geology)
RBK
Hydrology & the hydrosphere
(See also: PSP: "Hydrobiology")
RBKC
Oceanography (seas)
(See also: PSPM: "Marine biology")
RBKF
Limnology (freshwater)
(See also: PSPF: "Freshwater biology")
RBP
Meteorology & climatology
(See also: WNWM: "Weather: general interest")
RBX
RG
Palaeontology
Geography
(With RG* codes, assign also GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifiers as appropriate)
RGB
Physical geography & topography
RGBA
Arid zones, deserts
RGBC
Plains & grasslands
RGBC1
Prairies
RGBC2
Savanna
RGBD
Tundra
RGBF
Wetlands, swamps, fens
RGBL
Forests & woodland
RGBL1
Rainforest
RGBL2
Mixed forest
RGBL3
Broadleaf forest
RGBL4
Boreal, coniferous forest
(Class here: Taiga)
RGBP
Deltas, estuaries, coastal regions
(See also: RBK*: "Hydrology & the hydrosphere" and following)
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RGBR
Coral reefs
RGBS
Mountains
RGC
Human geography
RGCM
Economic geography
RGCP
Political geography
(See also: JPSL: "Geopolitics")
RGL
Regional geography
(See also: GTM: "Regional studies")
RGM
Biogeography
(See also: RN*: "The environment" and following; PSAF: "Ecological science, the Biosphere")
RGR
Geographical discovery & exploration
(See also: WTLP: "Expeditions: popular accounts")
RGV
Cartography, map-making & projections
RGW
Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing
RGX
Geographical reference works
RGXB
World atlases / world maps
(Class here: globes)
(See also: NHTP1: "Historical maps & atlases"; WTR*: "Travel maps & atlases" and following)
RGXH
Geographical maps (specialist)
(Class here: specialist / topographical maps only, with another code indicating specific
subject or application where possible)
(See also: WTR*: "Travel maps & atlases" and following)
RGXP
RN
RNA
Place names & gazetteers
The environment
Environmentalist thought & ideology
(Class here: ecocentrism, technocentrism, deep ecology, ecofeminism, etc)
RNB
Environmentalist, conservationist & Green organizations
RNC
Applied ecology
(Use for works taking a wide-ranging or ‘issues’-based approach)
(See also: PSAF: "Ecological science, the Biosphere")
RNCB
RND
Biodiversity
Environmental policy & protocols
(See also: KCVG: "Environmental economics")
RNF
RNFD
Environmental management
Drought & water supply
(See also: TQSW: "Water supply & treatment")
RNFF
Food security & supply
RNFY
Energy resources
RNH
Waste management
(Class here: recycling, biodegradability)
(See also: TQSR: "Waste treatment & disposal")
RNK
RNKH
RNKH1
RNP
Conservation of the environment
Conservation of wildlife & habitats
Endangered species & extinction of species
Pollution & threats to the environment
(See also: TQK: "Pollution control")
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RNPD
Deforestation
RNPG
Climate change
(Class here: global warming, ‘greenhouse effect’, ozone depletion)
RNQ
Nuclear issues
RNR
Natural disasters
RNT
Social impact of environmental issues
RNU
Sustainability
(See also: TBR: "Intermediate technology"; THV: "Alternative & renewable energy sources &
technology"; VSZ: "Self-sufficiency & ‘green’ lifestyle")
RP
RPC
Regional & area planning
Urban & municipal planning
(Class here: city & town planning)
(See also: AMVD: "City & town planning: architectural aspects")
RPG
Rural planning
RPT
Transport planning & policy
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S
SC
SCB
Sports & Active outdoor recreation
Sport: general
Sporting events & management
(Use SCB* codes with other code denoting specific sport, where applicable)
SCBB
Olympic & Paralympic games
SCBG
Sports governing bodies
SCBM
Sports management & facilities
SCBT
Sports teams & clubs
SCBV
Sporting venues
SCG
SCGF
Sports training & coaching
Sport science, physical education
(See also: MFGV: "Biomechanics, human kinetics")
SCGP
Sports psychology
SCK
Drug abuse in sport
SCL
Disabled sports / Disability sports
SCX
History of sport
SF
SFB
Ball sports / ball games
Football variants & related games
SFBC
Football (Soccer, Association football)
SFBD
American football
SFBF
Australian Rules football
SFBH
Canadian Rules football
SFBK
Gaelic football
SFBT
Rugby Union
SFBV
Rugby League
SFC
Baseball
SFD
Cricket
SFH
Golf
SFJ
Hockey (field hockey)
(See also: STK: "Ice hockey")
SFK
Lacrosse
SFL
Hurling
SFM
Basketball
SFN
Netball
SFP
Volleyball
SFQ
Handball
SFT
Racket games
SFTA
Tennis
SFTB
Badminton
SFTC
Squash & rackets
SFTD
Table tennis
SFV
Bowls, bowling, petanque
SFX
Snooker, billiards, pool
SH
SHB
SHBF
Athletics, gymnastics & related sports
Track & field sports, athletics
Marathon & cross-country running
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SHBM
Multidiscipline sports
(Class here: triathlon, pentathlon, heptathlon, etc)
SHG
Gymnastics
SHP
Weightlifting
SK
Equestrian & animal sports
(See also: ATXZ1: "Bullfighting"; SVH: "Hunting or shooting animals & game")
SKG
Horse racing
SKL
Riding, showjumping & horsemanship
(Class here: eventing, dressage etc)
(See also: WNGH: "Horses & ponies: general interest")
SKR
Dog racing
SM
Vehicle sports
SMC
Air sports & recreations
(Class here: ballooning, paragliding, skydiving, gliding, etc)
SMF
Motor sports
(Class here: karting, go-karts, any motorised sports not listed below)
SMFA
Car racing
(Class here: Formula 1, Grand Prix, Indianapolis 500, etc)
SMFC
Motor rallying / rally driving
SMFF
Stock car & hot rod racing
(Class here: NASCAR, Daytona 500 etc)
SMFK
Motorcycle racing
(Class here: road & track motorcycle racing; TT, Speedway etc)
SMQ
Cycle racing
(Class here: road & velodrome (track) cycling racing; Tour de France etc)
(See also: SZD: "Cycling: general & touring"; WGD: "Bicycles & non-motorised transport:
general interest & maintenance")
SMQB
SMX
SP
SPC
SPCA
BMX cycling
Rollerblading, skateboarding, etc
Water sports & recreations
Swimming & diving
Sub-aqua swimming
(Class here: scuba, snorkelling)
SPG
Surfing, windsurfing, water skiing
SPN
Boating
SPND
Motor / power boating & cruising
(Class here: speedboat racing)
SPNG
Sailing
SPNK
Canoeing & kayaking
SPNL
Rowing & sculling
SR
Combat sports & self-defence
SRB
Boxing
SRC
Wrestling
SRF
Fencing
SRM
East Asian martial arts
(Class here: Judo, Kung Fu, Karate, Taekwondo, Jujutsu, etc)
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ST
Winter sports
STA
Skiing
STC
Snowboarding
STG
Ice-skating
STK
Ice hockey
(See also: SFJ: "Hockey (field hockey)")
SV
Field sports: fishing, hunting, shooting
SVF
Fishing, angling
SVH
Hunting or shooting animals & game
SVR
Archery
SVS
Small firearms, guns & other equipment
SVT
Target shooting
SX
Other sports & competitive activities
SXB
Bodybuilding
SXQ
Extreme sports
(Class here: bungee jumping, etc)
SZ
Active outdoor pursuits
SZC
Walking, hiking, trekking
SZD
Cycling: general & touring
(See also: SMQ: "Cycle racing"; WGD: "Bicycles & non-motorised transport: general interest &
maintenance")
SZE
Running & jogging
SZG
Climbing & mountaineering
SZK
Orienteering
SZN
Caving & potholing
SZR
Camping & woodcraft
SZV
Outdoor survival skills
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T
TB
Technology, Engineering, Agriculture
Technology: general issues
TBC
Engineering: general
TBD
Technical design
(See also: AKP: "Product design"; UGC: "Computer-aided design (CAD)")
TBDG
Ergonomics
TBG
Engineering graphics & technical drawing
TBJ
Maths for engineers
(See also: PBW: "Applied mathematics")
TBM
TBMM
Instruments & instrumentation engineering
Engineering measurement & calibration
TBN
Nanotechnology
TBR
Intermediate technology
TBX
History of engineering & technology
(See also: PDX: "History of science")
TBY
TC
TCB
TCBG
Inventions & inventors
Biochemical engineering
Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
(Class here: cloning; stem cell technology)
(See also: PSAD: "Bio-ethics"; PSAK: "Genetics (non-medical)")
TCBS
Biosensors
(See also: TJS: "Sensors")
TD
TDC
Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies
Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering
(Class here: technology of detergents, rubber; biocides etc)
TDCA
Agrichemicals
TDCF
Fuels & petrochemicals
TDCJ
Dyestuffs, pigments & paint technology
(Class here: cosmetics technology)
TDCP
Plastics & polymers
(See also: TGMP: "Engineering applications of polymers and composites")
TDCQ
Ceramic & glass technology
TDCT
Food & beverage technology
(Use TDCT* for brewing & winemaking technology)
(See also: TTVC: "Hotel & catering trades"; PND: "Food chemistry")
TDCT1
Food & beverage safety
(Class here: food quality, impact of food regulation and policy)
(See also: RNFF: "Food security & supply")
TDCT2
Food & beverage processing & engineering
(Class here: food processing by ingredient)
TDCW
Pharmaceutical chemistry & technology
TDCX
Process engineering technology & techniques
(Class here: reaction engineering)
TDP
Other manufacturing technologies
(Class here: technology of leather, timber, paper; also manufacture of precision instruments,
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appliances etc)
TDPF
Textiles & fibres
TDPM
Metals technology / metallurgy
TG
TGB
Mechanical engineering & materials
Mechanical engineering
TGBF
Tribology (friction & lubrication)
TGBN
Engines & power transmission
TGM
Materials science
TGMB
Engineering thermodynamics
TGMD
Mechanics of solids
(Class here: dynamics, vibration, stress, fracture etc)
TGMF
Mechanics of fluids
(Class here: aerodynamics, hydraulics, pneumatics, flow, turbulence, rheology etc)
TGML
Engineering applications of bio-materials
TGMM
Engineering applications of electronic, magnetic, optical materials
TGMP
Engineering applications of polymers and composites
(See also: TDCP: "Plastics & polymers")
TGMS
Engineering applications of surface coatings & films
TGMT
Testing of materials
(Use for destructive & non-destructive testing)
TGP
Production engineering
TGPC
Computer aided manufacture (CAM)
TGPQ
Industrial quality control
TGPR
Reliability engineering
TGX
Engineering skills & trades
(Class here: tool-making, welding etc)
TH
THF
Energy technology & engineering
Fossil fuel technologies
THFG
Gas technology
THFP
Petroleum technology
THFS
Solid fuel technology
THK
Nuclear power & engineering
THN
Heat transfer processes
THR
Electrical engineering
THRM
Electric motors
THRX
Electrician skills & trades
THV
Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology
(See also: RNU: "Sustainability")
THVB
Biofuels
THVS
Solar power
THVW
Wind power
THY
Energy & power generation & distribution
(Class here: power networks & plants; power utilisation & applications; energy conversion &
storage)
THYC
TJ
Energy efficiency
Electronics & communications engineering
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TJF
Electronics engineering
TJFC
Electronics: circuits & components
TJFD
Electronic devices & materials
(Class here: microprocessors, chips, transistors, semi-conductors, super-conductors etc)
TJFM
TJFM1
TJFN
TJK
Automatic control engineering
Robotics
Microwave technology
Communications engineering / telecommunications
TJKD
Radar technology
TJKR
Radio technology
TJKS
Satellite communication technology
TJKT
Telephone technology
TJKT1
TJKV
TJKW
TJS
Mobile phone technology
Television technology
WAP (wireless) technology
Sensors
(See also: TCBS: "Biosensors")
TN
TNC
Civil engineering, surveying & building
Structural engineering
TNCB
Surveying, quantity surveying
TNCC
Soil & rock mechanics
(See also: RBGB: "Soil science, sedimentology")
TNCE
Earthquake engineering
TNCJ
Bridges
TNF
Hydraulic engineering
(Class here: engineering of dams, reservoirs, harbours etc; also land reclamation & drainage)
TNFL
Flood control
TNH
Highway & traffic engineering
TNK
Building construction & materials
TNKF
Fire protection & safety
TNKH
Heating, lighting, ventilation
TNKS
Security & fire alarm systems
TNKX
Conservation of buildings & building materials
TNT
Building skills & trades
(Class here: bricklaying, plastering, glazing, carpentry, plumbing, roofing)
TQ
Environmental science, engineering & technology
(Use TQ* codes for technical & practical aspects of environment, pollution, waste disposal, etc.
Use PNC for study and research)
(See also: RN*: "The environment" and following)
TQD
Environmental monitoring
TQK
Pollution control
(See also: RNP: "Pollution & threats to the environment")
TQS
Sanitary & municipal engineering
TQSR
Waste treatment & disposal
(Class here: sewage & hazardous waste disposal)
(See also: RNH: "Waste management")
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TQSW
Water supply & treatment
(Class here: water purification & desalination)
(See also: RNFD: "Drought & water supply")
TR
Transport technology & trades
(See also: KNG: "Transport industries"; RPT: "Transport planning & policy"; WG*: "Transport:
general interest" and following)
TRC
TRCS
Automotive technology & trades
Automotive (motor mechanic) skills
(See also: WGCV: "Vehicle maintenance & manuals")
TRCT
TRF
TRFT
TRL
Road transport & haulage trades
Railway technology, engineering & trades
Railway trades
Shipbuilding technology, engineering & trades
TRLD
Ship design & naval architecture
TRLN
Navigation & seamanship
TRLT
TRP
TRPS
TRT
TT
Maritime & nautical trades
Aerospace & aviation technology
Aviation skills & piloting
Intelligent & automated transport system technology
Other technologies & applied sciences
TTA
Acoustic & sound engineering
TTB
Applied optics
TTBF
Fibre optics
TTBL
Laser technology & holography
TTBM
Imaging systems & technology
(See also: MKS*: "Medical imaging" and following)
TTBS
TTD
Scanning systems & technology
Space science
(See also: WNX: "Popular astronomy & space")
TTDS
TTM
TTMW
Astronautics
Military engineering
Ordnance, weapons technology
TTP
Explosives technology & pyrotechnics
TTS
Marine engineering
(Class here: offshore engineering, sonar etc)
TTU
Mining technology & engineering
TTV
Other vocational technologies & trades
TTVC
Hotel & catering trades
TTVH
Hairdressing & salon skills
TTVR
Traditional trades & skills
(Class here: blacksmithing, thatching, dry stone walling, etc)
TTX
TV
Taxidermy
Agriculture & farming
(See also: KNA: "Agribusiness & primary industries"; KCVD: "Agricultural economics")
TVB
Agricultural science
TVD
Agricultural engineering & machinery
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(See also: WGCT: "Tractors & farm vehicles: general interest")
TVDR
Irrigation
TVF
Sustainable agriculture
TVG
Organic farming
TVH
Animal husbandry
(See also: WNF: "Farm & working animals: general interest")
TVHB
Animal breeding
TVHF
Dairy farming
TVHH
Apiculture (beekeeping)
TVHP
Poultry farming
TVK
Agronomy & crop production
TVM
Smallholdings
TVP
Pest control
(Class here: agricultural use of pesticides & herbicides)
TVQ
Tropical agriculture: practice & techniques
TVR
Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques
TVS
Commercial horticulture
(Class here: market gardening; flower production)
(See also: WM*: "Gardening" and following)
TVSW
TVT
Viticulture
Aquaculture & fish-farming: practice & techniques
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U
UB
Computing & Information Technology
Information technology: general issues
UBH
Health & safety aspects of IT
UBJ
Ethical & social aspects of IT
UBL
Legal aspects of IT
UBW
UD
Internet: general works
Digital lifestyle
UDA
Personal organisation software & apps
UDB
Internet guides & online services
UDBA
Online shopping & auctions
UDBD
Internet searching
UDBG
Internet gambling
UDBM
Online finance & investing
UDBR
Internet browsers
UDBS
Social networking
UDBV
Virtual worlds
UDF
Email: consumer / user guides
UDH
E-book readers, tablets & other portable devices: consumer / user guides
UDM
Digital music: consumer / user guides
UDQ
Digital video: consumer / user guides
UDT
Mobile phones & smartphones: consumer/user guides
UDV
Digital TV & media centres: consumer / user guides
UDX
UF
UFB
Computer games / online games: strategy guides
Business applications
Integrated software packages
(Class here: Microsoft Office, Microsoft Works, Lotus Smartsuite, OpenOffice etc)
UFC
Spreadsheet software
(Class here: Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, etc)
UFD
Word processing software
UFG
Presentation graphics software
UFK
Accounting software
UFL
Enterprise software
UFLS
SAP (Systems, applications & products in databases)
UFM
Mathematical & statistical software
UFP
Project management software
UFS
Collaboration & group software
UG
Graphical & digital media applications
UGB
Web graphics & design
UGC
Computer-aided design (CAD)
UGD
Desktop publishing
UGG
Computer games design
(Use for logical and narrative aspects of games design. See AKLF for art and graphic design of
games)
UGK
3D graphics & modelling
UGL
Illustration & drawing software
UGM
Digital music: professional
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UGN
Digital animation
UGP
Photo & image editing
UGV
Digital video: professional
UK
Computer hardware
UKC
Supercomputers
UKD
Mainframes & minicomputers
UKF
Servers
UKG
Grid & parallel computing
UKM
Embedded systems
UKN
Network hardware
UKP
Personal computers
UKPC
PCs (IBM-compatible personal computers)
UKPM
Macintosh
UKR
Maintenance & repairs
UKS
Storage media & peripherals
UKX
Utilities & tools
UL
Operating systems
ULD
Microsoft (Windows) operating systems
ULH
Apple (Mac OS) operating systems
ULJ
Open source & other operating systems
ULP
Handheld operating systems
ULQ
IBM mainframe operating systems
ULR
UM
Real time operating systems
Computer programming / software engineering
UMA
Programming techniques
UMB
Algorithms & data structures
UMC
Compilers & interpreters
UMF
Agile programming
UMG
Aspect programming / AOP
UMH
Extreme programming
UMJ
Functional programming
UMK
Games development & programming
UMKB
2D graphics: games programming
UMKC
3D graphics: games programming
UMKL
Level design: games programming
UML
Graphics programming
UMN
Object-oriented programming (OOP)
UMP
Microsoft programming
UMPN
.Net programming
UMPW
Windows programming
UMQ
Macintosh programming
UMR
Network programming
UMS
Mobile & handheld device programming / Apps programming
UMT
Database programming
UMW
Web programming
UMWS
Web services
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UMX
Programming & scripting languages: general
UMZ
Software Engineering
UMZL
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
UMZT
Software testing & verification
UMZW
Object oriented software engineering
UN
Databases
UNA
Database design & theory
UNAR
Relational databases
UNC
Data capture & analysis
UND
Data warehousing
UNF
Data mining
UNH
Information retrieval
UNJ
Object-oriented databases
UNK
Distributed databases
UNN
Databases & the Web
UNS
Database software
(Class here: Oracle, Access, SQL etc)
UQ
Computer certification
UQF
Computer certification: Microsoft
UQJ
Computer certification: Cisco
UQL
Computer certification: ECDL
UQR
Computer certification: CompTia
UQT
UR
Computer certification: CLAiT
Computer security
URD
Privacy & data protection
URH
Computer fraud & hacking
URJ
Computer viruses, Trojans & worms
URQ
Firewalls
URS
Spam
URW
Spyware
URY
Data encryption
(See also: GPJ: "Coding theory & cryptology")
UT
Computer networking & communications
UTC
Cloud computing
UTD
Client–Server networking
UTE
System administration
UTF
Network management
UTFB
Computer systems back-up & data recovery
UTG
Grid computing
UTM
Electronic mail (email): professional
UTN
Network security
UTP
Networking standards & protocols
UTR
Distributed systems
UTS
Networking packages
UTV
Virtualisation
UTW
WAP networking & applications
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UTX
UX
EDI (electronic data interchange)
Applied computing
(See also: PSAX: "Computational biology / bioinformatics"; MBF: "Medical & health informatics")
UXA
Computer applications in the arts & humanities
UXJ
Computer applications in the social & behavioural sciences
(See also: GTK: "Cognitive studies")
UXT
UY
UYA
UYAM
Computer applications in industry & technology
Computer science
Mathematical theory of computation
Maths for computer scientists
UYD
Systems analysis & design
UYF
Computer architecture & logic design
UYFL
Assembly languages
UYFP
Parallel processing
UYM
Computer modelling & simulation
UYQ
Artificial intelligence
(See also: GTK: "Cognitive studies")
UYQE
Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
UYQL
Natural language & machine translation
UYQM
Machine learning
UYQN
Neural networks & fuzzy systems
UYQP
Pattern recognition
UYQS
Speech recognition
UYQV
Computer vision
UYS
Signal processing
UYT
Image processing
UYU
Audio processing
UYV
Virtual reality
UYZ
Human–computer interaction
UYZF
Information visualization
UYZG
User interface design & usability
UYZM
Information architecture
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V
VF
Health, Relationships & Personal development
Family & health
(Use VF* codes for popular accounts for general readership; prefer codes from Sections J, M etc,
as appropriate, for specialist & academic works)
VFB
Personal safety
VFD
Popular medicine & health
VFDF
First aid for the home
VFDJ
Children’s health
VFDM
Men’s health
VFDW
Women’s health
VFG
Home nursing & caring
VFJ
Coping with personal problems
VFJB
Coping with illness & specific conditions
(May be used before an M* code for specific condition where available)
VFJB1
Coping with allergies, including food allergies
VFJD
Coping with disability
VFJG
Coping with ageing
VFJJ
Coping with eating disorders
VFJK
Coping with drug & alcohol problems
VFJM
Coping with abuse
VFJP
Coping with anxiety & phobias
VFJS
Coping with stress
VFJX
Coping with death & bereavement
(See also: JHBZ: "Sociology: death & dying")
VFL
Giving up smoking
VFM
Fitness & diet
VFMD
Diets & dieting
VFMG
Exercise & workout books
VFMG1
VFMS
Yoga for exercise
Massage
(See also: VXHJ: "Reflexology")
VFV
Family & relationships: advice & issues
(See also: WQY: "Family history, tracing ancestors"; JHBK: "Sociology: family & relationships";
JBFW: "Sex, sexuality, relationships & society: general")
VFVC
Sex & sexuality: advice & issues
(Class here: sex manuals)
(See also: JMU: "Psychology: sexual behaviour"; JBFW: "Sex, sexuality, relationships &
society: general")
VFVG
Dating, relationships, living together & marriage: advice
(See also: WJW: "Weddings, wedding planners")
VFVJ
Involuntary childlessness: advice & issues
VFVK
Adoption & fostering: advice & issues
VFVS
Separation & divorce: advice & issues
VFVX
Intergenerational relationships: advice & issues
(Class here: mother-daughter, grandparent-grandchild relationships etc)
VFX
VFXB
Parenting: advice & issues
Pregnancy, birth & baby care: advice & issues
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VFXB1
VFXC
VFXC1
VS
Baby names: guides for parents
Child care & upbringing: advice for parents
Teenagers: advice for parents
Self-help & personal development
(Use VS* codes for popular accounts for general readership; prefer codes from Sections C, J, K, L,
Q, R etc, as appropriate, for specialist & academic works)
VSB
Personal finance
VSC
Advice on careers & achieving success
VSD
Law, citizenship & rights for the lay person
VSF
Roadcraft & driving
(Class here: study aids for driving tests)
VSG
Consumer advice
(See also: WJS: "Shopping guides")
VSH
Housing & property for the individual: buying/selling & legal aspects
(See also: WK*: "Home & house maintenance" and following)
VSK
Advice on education
(See also: JN*: "Education" and following)
VSL
Adult literacy guides & handbooks
(See also: CFC: "Literacy")
VSN
Adult numeracy guides & handbooks
VSP
Popular psychology
(See also: QDX: "Popular philosophy")
VSPM
Assertiveness, motivation & self-esteem
VSPT
Memory improvement & thinking techniques
(Class here: IQ tests etc for self-testing)
VSPX
VSR
Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP)
Retirement
(See also: KFFP: "Pensions")
VSW
Living & working in other countries: practical advice
VSZ
Self-sufficiency & ‘green’ lifestyle
(See also: RNU: "Sustainability")
VX
Mind, body, spirit
(Use VX* codes for Mind Body Spirit treatments for general readers only; prefer codes from
Sections J, M, Q etc, as appropriate for specialist & academic works)
VXA
Mind, body, spirit: thought & practice
VXF
Fortune-telling & divination
VXFA
VXFA1
VXFC
VXFC1
Astrology
Star signs & horoscopes
Fortune-telling by cards (cartomancy)
Tarot
VXFD
The I Ching
VXFG
Graphology
VXFJ
Palmistry, phrenology & physiognomy
VXFN
Numerology
VXFT
Clairvoyance & precognition
VXH
Complementary therapies, healing & health
(See also: MX*: "Complementary medicine" and following)
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VXHA
Acupuncture
VXHC
Aromatherapy & essential oils
VXHH
Homoeopathy
VXHJ
Reflexology
(See also: VFMS: "Massage")
VXHK
Reiki
VXHT
Traditional medicine & herbal remedies
(Class here; popular works on Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic therapies etc. Use with
appropriate Geographical qualifier)
VXK
Earth energies
(Class here: dowsing, ley lines)
VXM
Mind, body, spirit: meditation & visualisation
VXN
Dreams & their interpretation
(See also: JMT: "Psychology: states of consciousness")
VXP
Psychic powers & psychic phenomena
(Class here: ESP, popular accounts of telepathy, telekinesis etc)
(See also: JMX: "Parapsychological studies")
VXPC
Crystals & colour-healing
VXPH
Chakras, auras & spiritual energy
VXPJ
Astral projection & out-of-body experiences
VXPR
The afterlife, reincarnation & past lives
VXPS
Spirit guides, angels & channelling
VXQ
Unexplained phenomena / the paranormal
VXQB
UFOs & extraterrestrial beings
VXQG
Ghosts & poltergeists
VXQM
Monsters & legendary beings
(See also: JBGB: "Folklore, myths & legends")
VXV
Feng Shui
VXW
Mysticism, magic & occult interests
(Use VXV* codes for popular works on the occult; prefer QRY* codes for serious & academic
works)
(See also: QRYX*: "Occult studies" and following)
VXWK
Kabbalah: popular works
(See also: QRVK2: "Mysticism")
VXWM
Magic, spells & alchemy
VXWS
Shamanism, paganism & druidry
(See also: QRS: "Ancient religions & mythologies")
VXWT
Witchcraft & Wicca
(See also: QRYX5: "Witchcraft")
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W
Lifestyle, Hobbies & Leisure
(Use Section W for popular accounts for general readership; prefer Sections A, K, P, R, T, etc, as
appropriate, for specialist & academic works)
WB
Cookery / food & drink etc
WBA
General cookery & recipes
WBB
TV / celebrity chef cookbooks
(Class here: TV series tie-in recipe books, recipes from specific restaurants, etc)
WBC
Cooking for one
WBD
Budget cookery
WBF
Quick & easy cooking
WBH
Health & wholefood cookery
WBHS
Cookery for specific diets & conditions
WBJ
Vegetarian cookery
WBJK
Vegan cookery
WBN
National & regional cuisine
(Assign also the appropriate GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifier)
WBQ
Cooking for/with children
WBR
Cooking for parties
WBS
Cooking with specific gadgets
(Class here: microwave cooking, wok, barbecue etc)
WBT
Cookery by ingredient
WBTB
Cooking with meat & game
WBTC
Cooking with chicken & other poultry
WBTF
Cooking with fish & seafood
WBTH
Cooking with herbs & spices
WBTJ
Cooking with rice & grains
WBTM
Cooking with fruit & vegetables
WBTP
Cooking with pasta
WBTR
Cooking with dairy products
WBTX
Cooking with chocolate
WBV
Cookery dishes & courses
WBVD
Cookery dishes & courses: Soups & starters
WBVG
Cookery dishes & courses: Salads & vegetables
WBVM
Cookery dishes & courses: Main courses
WBVQ
Cookery dishes & courses: Desserts
WBVS
Baking, bread & cakes
WBVS1
Cakes & cake decoration, icing & sugarcraft
WBW
Cookery: Preserving & freezing
WBX
Food & drink: Beverages
WBXD
Food & drink: Alcoholic beverages
WBXD1
Food & drink: Wines
WBXD2
Food & drink: Beers
WBXD3
Food & drink: Spirits & cocktails
WBXN
WBZ
Food & drink: Non-alcoholic beverages
Cigars & smoking
(See also: VFL: "Giving up smoking")
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WC
WCB
Antiques & collectables
Antiques & collectables: buyer’s guides
(Class here: price guides, guides to auctions, valuation, etc; use with other WC* code indicating
types of items, as appropriate)
(See also: UDBA: "Online shopping & auctions")
WCC
Care & restoration of antiques
WCF
Collecting coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics)
WCG
Collecting stamps, philately
WCJ
Antique clocks, watches, musical boxes & automata
WCK
Militaria, arms & armour
WCL
Antique furniture / furniture collecting
WCN
Antiques & collectables: ceramics & glass
WCP
Antiques & collectables: jewellery
WCR
Antiques & collectables: gold, silver & other metals (other than jewellery)
WCS
Antiques & collectables: books, manuscripts, ephemera & printed matter
(Class here: cigarette cards, programmes, postcards, comics, autographs, photographs,
phonecards, etc)
WCT
Antiques & collectables: sports memorabilia
WCU
Antiques & collectables: pictures, prints & maps
WCV
Antiques & collectables: carpets, rugs & textiles
WCW
Antiques & collectables: toys, games, dolls & models
WCX
Antiques & collectables: scientific & musical instruments
WD
WDH
Hobbies, quizzes & games
Hobbies
(See also: WF*: "Handicrafts, decorative arts & crafts" and following)
WDHM
Model railways
WDHR
Radio-controlled models
WDHW
Role-playing, war games & fantasy sports
WDJ
3-D images & optical illusions
WDK
Puzzles & quizzes
WDKC
Crosswords
WDKN
Sudoku & number puzzles
WDKX
Trivia & quiz question books
WDM
Indoor games
(See also: UDX: "Computer games / online games: strategy guides")
WDMC
Card games
WDMC1
Card games: Bridge
WDMC2
Card games: Poker
WDMG
WDMG1
WDP
Board games
Board games: Chess
Gambling: theories & methods
(See also: UDBG: "Internet gambling")
WF
Handicrafts, decorative arts & crafts
(Use WF* codes for practical, ‘how-to’ & hobbyist approaches; prefer codes from Section A where
appropriate for art history & criticism approaches)
(See also: AFT: "Decorative arts")
WFA
Painting & art manuals
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(See also: AGZ: "Art techniques & principles")
WFB
Needlework & fabric crafts
(Class here: sewing)
(See also: AFW: "Textile artworks"; AKT: "Fashion & textiles")
WFBC
Embroidery crafts
(Class here: cross-stitch, needlepoint, tapestry-making, etc)
WFBL
Lace & lacemaking
WFBQ
Quiltmaking, patchwork & applique
WFBS
Knitting & crochet
WFBV
Fabric dyeing
(Class here: Batik & tie-dye)
WFC
Ropework, knots & macrame
WFF
Rug & carpetmaking
(See also: AFW: "Textile artworks"; AKT: "Fashion & textiles")
WFG
Spinning & weaving
(See also: AFW: "Textile artworks"; AKT: "Fashion & textiles")
WFH
Toys: making & decorating
(Includes soft toys, dolls, dolls’ houses etc)
WFJ
Jewellery & beadcraft
(See also: AFKG: "Precious metal, precious stones & jewellery: artworks & design")
WFK
Decorative finishes & surfaces
(Class here: decoupage)
WFN
Pottery, ceramics & glass crafts
(See also: AFP: "Ceramic & glass: artworks")
WFP
Decorative metalwork
WFQ
Decorative woodwork
(Class here: decorative box-making; picture-framing)
WFS
Carving & modelling, moulding & casting
(Class here: woodcarving, resin & plaster work, doughcraft, candle-making, etc)
(See also: AFKC: "Carvings: artworks")
WFT
Book & paper crafts
(Class here: paper-making, greeting card-making, scrapbooking etc)
(See also: AKH: "Book design")
WFTM
WFU
Origami & paper engineering
Calligraphy & hand-lettering
(See also: AKD: "Typography & lettering")
WFV
Rural crafts
(See also: AFT: "Decorative arts")
WFW
Flower arranging & floral crafts
WFX
Adult colouring & activity books
WG
Transport: general interest
(See also: KNG: "Transport industries"; TR*: "Transport technology & trades" and following)
WGC
Road & motor vehicles: general interest
(See also: TRCT: "Road transport & haulage trades")
WGCB
Motor cars: general interest
WGCF
Buses, trams & commercial vehicles: general interest
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WGCK
Motorcycles: general interest
WGCT
Tractors & farm vehicles: general interest
(See also: TVD: "Agricultural engineering & machinery")
WGCV
Vehicle maintenance & manuals
(See also: TRCS: "Automotive (motor mechanic) skills")
WGD
Bicycles & non-motorised transport: general interest & maintenance
(See also: SMQ: "Cycle racing"; SZD: "Cycling: general & touring")
WGF
Trains & railways: general interest
(See also: TRF*: "Railway technology, engineering & trades" and following)
WGG
Ships & boats: general interest
(Class here: inland waterways & ocean-going craft)
(See also: SPN*: "Boating" and following; NHTM: "Maritime history")
WGGV
Boatbuilding & maintenance
(See also: TRL*: "Shipbuilding technology, engineering & trades" and following)
WGM
Aircraft: general interest
(See also: TRP*: "Aerospace & aviation technology" and following)
WH
Humour
(See also: XY: "Strip cartoons")
WHG
TV tie-in humour
WHJ
Jokes & riddles
WHL
Slang & dialect humour
WHP
Parodies & spoofs: non-fiction
(See also: FUP: "Satirical fiction & parodies")
WHX
WJ
Humour collections & anthologies
Lifestyle & personal style guides
WJF
Fashion & style guides
WJH
Cosmetics, hair & beauty
WJK
Interior design, decor & style guides
(See also: AMR: "Architecture: interior design")
WJS
Shopping guides
(See also: VSG: "Consumer advice"; UDBA: "Online shopping & auctions")
WJW
Weddings, wedding planners
WJX
Parties, etiquette & entertaining
WJXC
WK
Manners: guides & advice
Home & house maintenance
(See also: VSH: "Housing & property for the individual: buying/selling & legal aspects")
WKD
WKDM
WKDW
DIY: general
DIY: house maintenance manuals
DIY: carpentry & woodworking
WKH
Household hints
WKR
Home renovation & extension
(See also: WJK: "Interior design, decor & style guides")
WKU
WM
Outdoor & recreational areas: design & maintenance
Gardening
(See also: TVS: "Commercial horticulture")
WMB
Gardens (descriptions, history etc)
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WMD
Garden design & planning
WMF
Greenhouses, conservatories, patios
WMP
Gardening: plants & cultivation: guides
(Class here: growing flowers, fruit & vegetables, herbs, succulents & cacti, house plants, shrubs
& trees)
WMQ
Specialized gardening methods
WMQB
Specialized gardening methods: Bonsai
WMQF
Organic gardening
WMQL
Landscape gardening
WMQN
Natural & wild gardening
WMQP
Gardening with native plants
WMQR
Container gardening
WMQW
Water gardens, pools
WMT
WN
Allotments
Nature & the natural world: general interest
(Use WN* codes for popular works only; prefer codes from Sections P, R, T etc, as appropriate for
specialist & academic works)
WNA
Dinosaurs & the prehistoric world: general interest
(See also: RBX: "Palaeontology")
WNC
Wildlife: general interest
(See also: PSV*: "Zoology & animal sciences" and following)
WNCB
Wildlife: birds & birdwatching: general interest
(See also: PSVJ: "Zoology: birds (ornithology)")
WNCF
Wildlife: mammals: general interest
(See also: PSVM: "Zoology: mammals")
WNCK
Wildlife: reptiles & amphibians: general interest
(See also: PSVF: "Zoology: amphibians & reptiles (herpetology)")
WNCN
Wildlife: butterflies, other insects & spiders: general interest
(See also: PSVA: "Zoology: insects (entomology) & other invertebrates")
WNCS
Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest
(See also: PSVC: "Zoology: fishes (ichthyology)"; PSVM2: "Zoology: marine & freshwater
mammals"; PSP: "Hydrobiology")
WNCS1
Sea life & the seashore: general interest
(See also: PSPM: "Marine biology")
WNCS2
Freshwater life: general interest
(See also: PSPF: "Freshwater biology")
WND
The countryside, country life: general interest
WNF
Farm & working animals: general interest
(See also: TVH: "Animal husbandry")
WNG
Domestic animals & pets
WNGC
Cats as pets
WNGD
Dogs as pets
WNGD1
Dog obedience & training
WNGF
Fishes as pets & aquaria
WNGH
Horses & ponies: general interest
WNGK
Birds, including cage birds, as pets
WNGR
Rabbits & rodents as pets
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(Class here: mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils etc as pets)
WNGS
Reptiles & amphibians as pets
(Class here: snakes, lizards, newts, terrapins etc as pets)
WNGX
Insects & spiders as pets
WNH
Zoos & wildlife parks: general interest
WNJ
National parks & nature reserves: general interest
WNP
Trees, wildflowers & plants: general interest
(See also: WMP: "Gardening: plants & cultivation: guides")
WNR
Rocks, minerals & fossils: general interest
(See also: RBX: "Palaeontology"; RBG*: "Geology & the lithosphere" and following)
WNW
The Earth: natural history: general interest
(Class here: popular works on natural history of the Earth as a whole, physical features &
systems as well as life on Earth; Class here: popular works on volcanoes, earthquakes etc)
(See also: RB*: "Earth sciences" and following; PSAF: "Ecological science, the Biosphere")
WNWM
Weather: general interest
(Class here: popular works on weather, including storms & other extreme weather
conditions)
(See also: RBP: "Meteorology & climatology")
WNX
Popular astronomy & space
(Class here: constellation & star guides, non-specialist guides to astronomy & space, including
space exploration)
(See also: PG*: "Astronomy, space & time" and following; TTD: "Space science")
WQ
WQH
Local & family history, nostalgia
Local history
(Class here: popular accounts of the history of a specific locality, generally only of local interest;
use with GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers wherever possible)
WQN
Nostalgia: general
(Class here: popular works with fond, uncritical view of past times; use with other code
indicating subject where appropriate, eg WGF “Trains & railways: general interest”)
WQP
Places in old photographs
(Class here: collections of early or vintage photographs relating to a specific place or places;
use with GEOGRAPHICAL & TIME PERIOD Qualifiers wherever possible)
(See also: AJC: "Photographs: collections")
WQY
Family history, tracing ancestors
(See also: NHTG: "Genealogy, heraldry, names & honours")
WT
Travel & holiday
(With WT* codes, assign also the most specific GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifier available, as
appropriate)
WTD
Travel tips & advice: general
WTH
Travel & holiday guides
(See also: WJS: "Shopping guides")
WTHA
Travel guides: adventure holidays
WTHB
Travel guides: business travel
WTHC
Travel guides: Eco-tourism, ‘green’ tourism
WTHD
Travel guides: food & drink regions
(Class here: travel guides based around local foods, wine-producing regions etc)
(See also: WTHR: "Travel guides: restaurants, cafes, inns, bars")
WTHF
Travel guides: holidays with children / family holidays
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WTHH
WTHH1
Travel guides: hotel & holiday accommodation guides
Travel guides: caravan & camp-site guides
WTHM
Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc
WTHR
Travel guides: restaurants, cafes, inns, bars
(Class here: ‘where to eat’ guides, recommendations of specific establishments)
(See also: WTHD: "Travel guides: food & drink regions")
WTHT
Travel guides: theme parks & funfairs
WTHX
Travel guides: cruises
WTK
Language phrasebooks
(Assign also LANGUAGE Qualifier)
(See also: CJBT: "Language self-study texts")
WTL
WTLC
Travel writing
Classic travel writing
(Class here: travel writing published before c 1960 or widely regarded as ‘classic’)
WTLP
Expeditions: popular accounts
(Class here: popular accounts of expeditions & exploration)
(See also: RGR: "Geographical discovery & exploration")
WTM
Places & peoples: general & pictorial works
WTR
Travel maps & atlases
(See also: RGX*: "Geographical reference works" and following)
WTRD
Road atlases & maps
WTRM
Travel maps
(Class here: all folded maps, other than city street maps & motorists’ road maps, for general
& travel use)
WTRS
Street maps & city plans
(Class here: maps & books of maps of cities, towns & streets for general use)
WZ
WZG
Miscellaneous items
Gift books
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(Class here: small books, typically of a decorative, humorous or inspirational nature, intended
to be given as gifts rather than read by the purchaser)
(See also: YZG: "Children’s gift books")
WZS
Stationery items
(Class here: any printed stationery item, diaries, calendars, posters, kits, postcard packs,
bookmarks, etc; assign also another code indicating subject where possible)
WZSN
Blank stationery items
(Class here: blank notebooks, autograph books and other content-free items)
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X
Graphic novels, Comic books, Cartoons
(For graphic novels & comic books, assign first a ‘type’ from XA*, followed where possible &
appropriate, with a ‘genre’ from XQ*)
XA
XAB
Graphic novel & Comic book: types
European tradition graphic novels
(In the European tradition, graphic novels are typically one-off publications, rather than part of
a series, generally for an adult audience, often with distinctive graphics & more literary textual
content, usually serious rather than humorous; they are works published originally as graphic
novels, not adaptations of textual works)
XAD
European tradition comic books, Bandes dessinées
(In the European tradition, comic books or ‘bandes dessinées’ are typically published in ongoing
series, often featuring the same characters, as distinct from ‘one-off’ graphic novels)
XADC
European comic books: general, classic, all ages
(Class here: ‘bandes dessinées tout public’, classic comic books for all ages)
XAK
American / British style comic books & graphic novels
(Class here: graphic novels & comic books in the American / British tradition)
XAKC
American comic books: classic, Golden Age
(Class here: early & classic ‘Golden Age’ characters for all ages)
XAM
Manga & Asian style comics
(This sequence includes all Japanese comic books (Manga) plus those from other Asian
countries including Korean (Manhwa) & Chinese (Manhua))
XAMC
Manga: Kodomo
(Manga for children, boys & girls, age around 6 to 10)
XAMF
Manga: Shôjo
(Manga designed for young & teenage girls, age around 10 to 15)
XAMG
Manga: Shonen
(Manga designed primarily for young & teenage boys, age around 10 to 15)
XAML
Manga: Seinen
(Manga designed for young men & women, from around 16 years)
XAMR
Manga: Josei
(Manga designed specifically for young & adult women)
XAMT
Manga: Yaoi
(Also called Boy Love; Manga featuring young male homosexual relationships but for a
young female readership)
XAMX
Manga: adult (erotic, extreme violence)
(Class here: Hentai, seijin manga. Manga designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly
sexual or violent nature; use with Qualifier 5X as appropriate)
XQ
XQA
Graphic novel & Comic book: genres
Graphic novel / Comic book: memoirs, true stories & non-fiction
(Class here: ‘bandes dessinées d’auteur’)
XQB
Graphic novel / Comic book: literary adaptations
(Class here: adaptations of pre-existing literary works into graphic form)
XQC
Graphic novel / Comic book: movie & TV adaptations
XQD
Graphic novel / Comic book: crime, mystery & thrillers
XQG
Graphic novel / Comic book: action & adventure
XQGW
Graphic novel / Comic book: Westerns
XQH
Graphic novel / Comic book: horror
XQK
Graphic novel / Comic book: super-heroes & super-villains
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XQL
Graphic novel / Comic book: science fiction
XQM
Graphic novel / Comic book: fantasy, esoteric
(Use for comic books featuring traditions of mythical, secret or esoteric knowledge)
XQR
Graphic novel / Comic book: romance
XQT
Graphic novel / Comic book: humorous
XQV
Graphic novel / Comic book: historical
XQX
Graphic novel / Comic book: adult (erotic, extreme violence)
(Class here: comic books designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly sexual or violent
nature; use with Qualifier 5X as appropriate)
XR
Graphic novel & comic books: guides & reviews
(See also: DSR: "Literary reference works"; FZ: "Fiction companions")
XRM
Manga guides & reviews
(See also: DSR: "Literary reference works"; FZ: "Fiction companions")
XY
Strip cartoons
(Class here: collections of typically humorous cartoons, in 3–5 panels, usually originally published
in newspapers or magazines)
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Y
YB
Children’s, Teenage & Educational
Books for very young children, children’s picture books & activity books
(With YB* codes, also assign appropriate 5A* Reading Age/Level Qualifier where possible)
YBC
YBCB
Children’s picture books
Baby books
(Class here: small format, board book or rag book picture books with little or no text, and no
early learning content)
YBCH
Picture books: character books
(Use for all books based on TV or film characters, and all books featuring established
pictorially-represented characters used in several books and or other products)
YBCS
Picture storybooks
(Class here: picture books with a strong narrative text)
YBCS1
Picture storybooks: Bedtime stories & dreams
YBCS2
Picture storybooks: Imagination & play
(Class here: picture books featuring use of imagination and/or play, for example with toys,
often to create an imaginary world)
YBG
Children’s interactive & activity books & packs
(Use YBG for children’s activity & interactive items, such as kit books, sticker books, etc, for any
age group.)
YBGH
Children’s activity books: hidden object
(Class here: ‘magic eye’ books & books where aim is to find item or character in pictures)
YBL
Early years / early learning concepts
(Use YBL* codes for pre-school material only)
YBLA
Early years: letters & words
(Class here: ABC books, first word books etc)
YBLB
Early years: verse, rhymes & wordplay
(Class here: nursery rhymes & simple verse for very young children, tongue-twisters etc)
(See also: YDP: "Children’s / Teenage: Poetry")
YBLC
Early years: numbers & counting
YBLD
Early years: colours
YBLF
Early years: opposites
YBLH
Early years: size, shapes & patterns
YBLJ
Early years: time & seasons
(Class here: telling the time, day & night, days of the week, seasons of the year, etc)
YBLL
Early years: nature & animals
YBLM
Early years: daily routine
(Class here: elements of daily life for very young children: washing, bedtime, potty training,
etc)
YBLN
YBLN1
Early years: first experiences
Early years: the senses
YBLP
Early years: people who help us
YBLT
Early years: things that go
YD
Children’s / Teenage poetry, anthologies, annuals
(With YD* codes, also assign appropriate 5A* Reading Age/Level Qualifier where possible)
YDA
Children’s / Teenage: Annuals
(Use as first code for all annuals, with second code indicating type or subject area where
possible)
YDC
Children’s / Teenage: Anthologies
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(Use with other code denoting literary form where appropriate, eg with a YF* code for fiction
anthologies, with YDP for poetry anthologies. Use alone for anthologies of various literary
forms)
YDP
Children’s / Teenage: Poetry
(See also: YBLB: "Early years: verse, rhymes & wordplay"; YFV: "Children’s / Teenage fiction:
Stories in verse")
YF
Children’s / Teenage fiction & true stories
(With YF* codes, ALWAYS also assign appropriate 5A* Reading Age/Level Qualifier, and 5X where
appropriate to indicate explicit material for older readers; YF* codes may be used with
GEOGRAPHICAL and TIME PERIOD Qualifiers where these aspects are particularly pertinent and
significant; use with & before relevant YN* codes for fiction with specific themes or topics not
sufficiently indicate in YF*; use with YDC for fiction anthologies; use with & before appropriate
YX* code for fiction dealing with specific social or personal issues; use X* codes for comic book
fiction)
(See also: XADC: "European comic books: general, classic, all ages"; XAKC: "American comic
books: classic, Golden Age"; XAMC: "Manga: Kodomo"; XAMF: "Manga: Shôjo"; XAMG: "Manga:
Shonen")
YFA
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Classic fiction
(Class here: children’s & teenage novels published before c 1960 or widely regarded as ‘classic’)
YFB
Children’s / Teenage fiction: General fiction
(Class here: all contemporary non-genre fiction for children & teenagers)
YFC
YFCA
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Action & adventure stories
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Interactive adventure stories
(Class here: books, physical or digital, where the reader can select from options to alter the
narrative outcome; use with, and after, other YF* code indicating genre if possible)
YFCB
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Thrillers
YFCF
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Crime & mystery fiction
YFCW
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Military & war fiction
YFD
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Horror & ghost stories, chillers
(See also: YNXW: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Witches & ghosts")
YFE
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Speculative, dystopian & utopian fiction
(Class here: fiction set in dystopian or utopian societies, alternative history fiction; use
alongside YFG or other YF* codes if possible)
YFG
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Science fiction
YFH
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Fantasy & magical realism
YFHR
Teenage fiction: Fantasy romance
(Class here: ‘dark romance’, vampire romance, etc; assign also 5X where appropriate)
YFJ
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories
(Class here: fairy tales, folk tales, myths & legends told as fiction)
YFK
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Religious fiction
YFM
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Romance & relationships stories
YFN
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Family & home stories
(Use with codes from YXF* sequence for fiction specifically designed to address family issues)
YFP
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Nature & animal stories
YFQ
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Humorous stories
(Use after other YF* code indicating genre if possible)
YFR
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Sporting stories
YFS
Children’s / Teenage fiction: School stories
YFT
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Historical fiction
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(Use for contemporary novels set in the past, ie set c pre-1960)
YFU
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Short stories
(Use after other YF* code indicating genre if possible)
YFV
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Stories in verse
(Use after other YF* code indicating genre if possible)
(See also: YDP: "Children’s / Teenage: Poetry")
YFX
Children’s / Teenage fiction: Biographical fiction
(Use for highly fictionalised biographies or autobiographies of real people)
YFY
Children’s / Teenage: True stories told as fiction
(Class here: true stories, eg of survival, discovery, conflict etc, told in strong narrative from, as
if fiction)
YN
Children’s / Teenage: general interest
(Use YN* codes for all general interest material not covered elsewhere & not designed specifically
for school use. Use YN* codes alone for non-fiction works, or after relevant YF* code for fiction on
specific topics, as appropriate. With YN* codes, assign appropriate 5A* Reading Age/Level
Qualifier where possible, and any other Qualifier as applicable.)
YNA
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Art & artists
(Assign STYLE Qualifiers where appropriate)
YNB
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography & autobiography
YNC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Music
(Assign STYLE Qualifiers where appropriate)
YND
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Drama & performing
YNDB
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dance, ballet
YNDS
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Playscripts
YNF
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Television & film
YNG
Children’s / Teenage general interest: General knowledge & trivia
YNGL
YNH
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Libraries, museums, schools
Children’s / Teenage general interest: History & the past
(Use YNB for biographies of specific people)
YNHA
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Adventurers & outlaws
(Class here: pirates, treasure hunters, etc)
(See also: YNB: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography & autobiography")
YNHD
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Discovery & exploration
(Class here: discovery of new continents, interiors, planets, etc)
(See also: YNB: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography & autobiography")
YNHP
YNJ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Lives of children in the past
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Warfare, battles, armed forces
(See also: YXZW: "Children’s / Teenage social issues: War & conflict issues")
YNK
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Work & society
YNKA
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Politics
YNKC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Law, police & crime
YNL
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Literature, books & writers
YNM
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Places & peoples
YNMC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Countries, cultures & national identity
(Class here: national symbols, monuments, dress etc)
YNMF
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Girls & women
(Use for books where girlhood / womanhood is a central theme)
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YNMH
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Boys & men
(Use for books where boyhood / manhood is a central theme)
YNMK
Children’s / Teenage general interest: City & town life
YNML
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rural & farm life
YNMW
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Royalty
YNN
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Nature, animals, the natural world
YNNA
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dinosaurs & prehistoric world
YNNB
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife & habitats
(See also: YXZG: "Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment & green issues")
YNNB1
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife & habitats: Oceans & seas
YNNB2
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife & habitats: Jungles & tropical forests
(Class here: rainforests)
YNNB3
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife & habitats: Deserts
YNNB9
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife & habitats: Ice, snow & tundra
(Class here: Polar regions and high mountain habitats)
YNNC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ecosystems
(Class here: works on whole ecosystems)
(See also: YXZG: "Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment & green issues")
YNNF
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Farm animals
YNNH
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets & pet care
YNNH1
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets & pet care: dogs
YNNH2
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets & pet care: cats
YNNH3
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets & pet care: rabbits & rodents
YNNH4
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets & pet care: horses & ponies
YNNJ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mammals
YNNJ1
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Aquatic & marine mammals
YNNJ2
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Large land mammals
YNNJ21
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dogs & wolves
YNNJ22
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cats
(Class here: big cats)
YNNJ23
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Bears
YNNJ24
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ponies & horses
YNNJ25
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cows & cattle
YNNJ29
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Apes & monkeys
YNNJ3
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Small land mammals
YNNJ31
YNNJ9
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rodents & rabbits
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Marsupials, platypuses & echidnas
(Class here: kangaroos, koalas)
YNNK
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Birds
YNNL
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Insects, spiders, minibeasts
YNNM
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Reptiles & amphibians
YNNS
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Fish & marine life
(Use YNNJ1 for marine mammals)
YNNT
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Plants & trees
YNNV
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rocks, weather & physical world
(Class here: rocks, fossils, minerals, volcanoes, earthquakes, geology, the atmosphere,
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weather systems, storms, tornadoes etc)
YNNZ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Space, stars & the solar system
(Class here: constellation guides, space exploration, planets etc)
YNP
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Practical interests
YNPC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cooking & food
YNPH
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Handicrafts
YNPH1
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Woodworking, model-making
YNPH2
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Needlecraft & fabric crafts
YNPJ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Clothing & fashion
YNPK
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Money
YNR
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Religion & beliefs
(See also: YXZR: "Children’s / Teenage social issues: Religious issues"; YPJN*: "Educational:
Religious studies" and following)
YNRD
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hinduism
(See also: YPJN1: "Educational: Religious studies: Hinduism")
YNRF
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buddhism
(See also: YPJN2: "Educational: Religious studies: Buddhism")
YNRJ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Judaism
(See also: YPJN3: "Educational: Religious studies: Judaism")
YNRM
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Christianity
(See also: YPJN4: "Educational: Religious studies: Christianity")
YNRP
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Islam
(See also: YPJN5: "Educational: Religious studies: Islam")
YNRR
Children’s / Teenage general interest: other religions
(See also: YPJN9: "Educational: Religious studies: other religions")
YNRX
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Religious texts, prayers & devotional material
(Class here: editions of sacred texts, including simplified versions & stories based on sacred
texts, prayerbooks & all devotional material, designed for children; use with other YNR* code
indicating religion)
YNT
YNTA
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Science & technology
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Science: the human body
(Class here: general descriptive, scientific approaches)
(See also: YXA*: "Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Body & health" and
following)
YNTD
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Inventors, inventions & experiments
YNTG
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Machines & how things work
YNTP
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buildings & construction
YNTR
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Transport & vehicles
YNU
YNUC
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Humour & jokes
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cartoons & comic strips
(See also: XADC: "European comic books: general, classic, all ages"; XAKC: "American comic
books: classic, Golden Age"; XAMC: "Manga: Kodomo")
YNV
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hobbies, quizzes, toys & games
YNVD
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Toys, dolls & puppets
YNVP
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Puzzle books
YNVU
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Computer game guides
YNW
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Sports & outdoor recreation
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YNWD
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports
(Class here: all ball games not listed below)
YNWD1
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports: Football (Soccer)
YNWD2
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports: Football (American)
YNWD3
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports: Baseball & Softball
YNWD4
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports: Basketball
YNWD8
Children’s/Teenage general interest: Ball games & sports: Handball
YNWG
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Athletics & gymnastics
YNWM
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Winter sports
(Class here: ice-hockey, skiing, ice-skating etc)
YNWW
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Swimming & water sports
YNWY
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cycling, boarding & skating
YNWZ
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Sports teams & clubs
(Use YNWZ with other YNW* code indicating sport)
YNX
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mysteries & the unexplained
YNXB
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Monsters, dragons & mythological beings
YNXF
Children’s / Teenage general interest: UFOs & extraterrestrial beings
YNXW
Children’s / Teenage general interest: Witches & ghosts
(See also: YFD: "Children’s / Teenage fiction: Horror & ghost stories, chillers")
YP
Educational material
(With YP* codes, assign appropriate EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE Qualifier where possible; use YP*
codes for primary and secondary educational material up to and including minimum school
leaving age; for further education, advanced level and vocational qualifications, use adult
categories)
YPA
Educational: Arts, general
(Assign STYLE Qualifiers where appropriate)
YPAB
Educational: Art & design
(Assign STYLE Qualifiers where appropriate)
YPAD
Educational: Music
(Assign STYLE Qualifiers where appropriate)
YPAF
Educational: Drama & performance arts
(Class here: playscripts for schools; dance)
YPC
YPCA
Educational: Language, literature & literacy
Educational: first/native language
YPCA1
Educational: first/native language: basic literacy
YPCA2
Educational: first/native language: reading & writing skills
YPCA21
Educational: first/native language: readers & reading schemes
YPCA22
Educational: first/native language: handwriting skills
YPCA4
Educational: first/native language: grammar & punctuation
YPCA5
Educational: first/native language: speaking skills
YPCA9
Educational: first/native language: literature studies
YPCA91
YPCK
Educational: first/native language: school editions of literature texts
Educational: modern (non-native) languages
YPCK2
Educational: modern (non-native) languages: language learning
YPCK9
Educational: modern (non-native) languages: literature studies
YPCK91
YPCS
Educational: modern (non-native) languages: school editions of literature texts
Educational: classical & ancient languages
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YPCS4
Educational: classical & ancient languages: language learning
YPCS9
Educational: classical & ancient languages: literature studies
YPCS91
YPJ
Educational: classical & ancient languages: school editions of classical texts
Educational: Humanities & social sciences, general
YPJH
Educational: History
YPJJ
Educational: Social sciences, social studies
YPJJ1
Educational: Politics & constitution
YPJJ3
Educational: Citizenship & social education
YPJJ5
Educational: Psychology
YPJL
Educational: Philosophy
YPJN
Educational: Religious studies
(See also: YNR: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Religion & beliefs")
YPJN1
Educational: Religious studies: Hinduism
(See also: YNRD: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hinduism")
YPJN2
Educational: Religious studies: Buddhism
(See also: YNRF: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buddhism")
YPJN3
Educational: Religious studies: Judaism
(See also: YNRJ: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Judaism")
YPJN4
Educational: Religious studies: Christianity
(See also: YNRM: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Christianity")
YPJN5
Educational: Religious studies: Islam
(See also: YNRP: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: Islam")
YPJN9
Educational: Religious studies: other religions
(See also: YNRR: "Children’s / Teenage general interest: other religions")
YPJT
Educational: Geography
YPJV
Educational: Business studies & economics
YPM
YPMF
YPMF1
YPMP
Educational: Mathematics, science & technology, general
Educational: Mathematics & numeracy
Educational: Mathematics & numeracy: times tables
Educational: Sciences, general science
YPMP1
Educational: Biology
YPMP3
Educational: Chemistry
YPMP5
Educational: Physics
YPMT
Educational: Technology
YPMT2
Educational: Design & technology
YPMT4
Educational: Food technology, cooking skills
YPMT6
Educational: IT & computing, ICT
YPW
YPWC
Educational: Vocational & other subjects
Educational: Vocational subjects
(Class here: all vocational subjects taught at school not listed separately, eg health care,
hospitality, etc)
YPWF
Educational: Physical education
YPWL
Educational: General studies / study skills general
YPZ
Educational: study & revision guides
(Use for ALL study & revision guides for primary and secondary education, with relevant YP*
code above indicating subject where possible)
YR
Children’s / Teenage reference material
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YRD
Children’s / Teenage reference: Dictionaries, school dictionaries
(Use LANGUAGE Qualifiers, as appropriate)
YRDC
Children’s / Teenage reference: Picture dictionaries
(Use LANGUAGE Qualifiers, as appropriate)
YRDL
Children’s / Teenage reference: Bilingual / multilingual dictionaries
(Use LANGUAGE Qualifiers, as appropriate)
YRE
Children’s / Teenage reference: Encyclopaedias, general reference
(Use for non-subject-specific works only; for subject-specific reference works, use YRG)
YRG
Children’s / Teenage reference: Subject-specific reference
(Use after another Y* code indicating the subject or scope of the reference work)
YRW
Children’s / Teenage reference: Atlases & maps
(Use with GEOGRAPHICAL Qualifiers, as appropriate)
YX
Children’s / Teenage: Personal & social issues
(Use YX* codes alone or with other Y* codes indicating type of book; use with appropriate YF*
code for fiction designed to deal with these issues)
YXA
YXAX
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Body & health
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Sex education & the facts of life
YXD
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Self-awareness & self-esteem
YXE
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Emotions
(Class here: understanding fears, happiness, solidarity, sadness, empathy, alienation,
frustration, etc)
YXF
YXFD
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Family issues
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: divorce, separation, family break-up
YXG
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: death & bereavement
YXH
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Relationships (non-family)
YXHB
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Friends & friendship issues
YXHL
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Sexuality & relationships
YXHY
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: teenage pregnancy
YXJ
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Drugs & addiction
YXK
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Disability & special needs
YXN
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Racism & multiculturalism
YXQ
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Bullying, violence, abuse & peer pressure
YXR
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: personal safety
(Class here: dealing with strangers, road safety, safety in the home etc)
YXS
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: runaways
YXT
Children’s / Teenage personal & social issues: Truancy & school problems
YXV
Teenage personal & social issues: Advice on careers & further education, leaving school
YXZ
Children’s / Teenage: Social issues
YXZG
Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment & green issues
YXZR
Children’s / Teenage social issues: Religious issues
YXZW
Children’s / Teenage social issues: War & conflict issues
YZ
Children’s / Teenage stationery & miscellaneous items
(Use only for stationery & non-book items for children not able to be classified with any other Y*
code)
YZG
Children’s gift books
(Class here: small books, typically decorative or humorous, intended to be given as gifts to
children)
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YZS
Children’s stationery items
(Class here: any printed stationery item, diaries, calendars, posters, kits, postcard packs,
bookmarks, etc intended for children; assign also another code indicating subject where
possible)
(See also: WZS: "Stationery items")
YZSN
Blank children’s stationery items
(Class here: blank exercise books, autograph books and other content-free items for children)
(See also: WZSN: "Blank stationery items")
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1
Geographical qualifiers
(Do not use “1” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 1* as appropriate)
1D
1DD
1DDB
Europe
Western Europe
Belgium
1DDB-BE-B
Brussels / Bruxelles / Brussel
1DDB-BE-F
Flanders / Flandre
1DDB-BE-FA
1DDB-BE-FAA
1DDB-BE-FB
1DDB-BE-FBA
1DDB-BE-FC
1DDB-BE-FCA
1DDB-BE-FD
1DDB-BE-FDA
1DDB-BE-FE
1DDB-BE-FEA
1DDB-BE-W
1DDB-BE-WA
1DDB-BE-WAA
1DDB-BE-WB
1DDB-BE-WBA
1DDB-BE-WBB
1DDB-BE-WC
1DDB-BE-WCA
1DDB-BE-WD
1DDB-BE-WDA
1DDB-BE-WE
1DDB-BE-WEA
1DDF
1DDF-FR-A
1DDF-FR-AA
1DDF-FR-AAA
1DDF-FR-AB
1DDF-FR-ABA
1DDF-FR-B
Antwerp / Antwerpen / Anvers (province / provincie)
Antwerp / Antwerpen / Anvers
Flemish Brabant / Vlaams-Brabant / Brabant flamand
Leuven
Limburg / Limbourg
Hasselt
Oost-Vlaanderen / Flandre-Orientale
Ghent / Gand
West-Vlaanderen / Flandre-Occidentale
Brugge / Bruges
Wallonia / Wallonie
Brabant wallon / Waals Brabant
Wavre
Hainaut / Henegouwen
Mons / Bergen
Charleroi
Liège / Luik (province / provincie)
Liège / Luik
Luxembourg / Luxemburg (province / provincie)
Arlon / Arlen
Namur / Namen (province / provincie)
Namur / Namen
France
Alsace
Bas-Rhin 67
Strasbourg
Haut-Rhin 68
Colmar
Aquitaine
1DDF-FR-BA
Dordogne 24
1DDF-FR-BAA
Périgueux
1DDF-FR-BB
1DDF-FR-BBA
1DDF-FR-BC
1DDF-FR-BCA
1DDF-FR-BD
1DDF-FR-BDA
1DDF-FR-BE
1DDF-FR-BEA
Gironde 33
Bordeaux
Landes 40
Mont-de-Marsan
Lot-et-Garonne 47
Agen
Pyrénées-Atlantiques 64
Pau
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1DDF-FR-C
1DDF-FR-CA
1DDF-FR-CAA
1DDF-FR-CB
1DDF-FR-CBA
1DDF-FR-CC
1DDF-FR-CCA
1DDF-FR-CD
1DDF-FR-CDA
1DDF-FR-D
1DDF-FR-DA
1DDF-FR-DAA
Auvergne
Allier 03
Moulins
Cantal 15
Aurillac
Haute-Loire 43
Le Puy-en-Velay
Puy-de-Dôme 63
Clermont-Ferrand
Basse-Normandie
Calvados 14
Caen
1DDF-FR-DB
Manche 50
1DDF-FR-DBA
Saint-Lô
1DDF-FR-DC
1DDF-FR-DCA
1DDF-FR-E
1DDF-FR-EA
1DDF-FR-EAA
1DDF-FR-EB
1DDF-FR-EBA
1DDF-FR-EC
1DDF-FR-ECA
1DDF-FR-ED
1DDF-FR-EDA
1DDF-FR-F
1DDF-FR-FA
1DDF-FR-FAA
1DDF-FR-FB
1DDF-FR-FBA
1DDF-FR-FC
1DDF-FR-FCA
1DDF-FR-FD
1DDF-FR-FDA
1DDF-FR-G
1DDF-FR-GA
1DDF-FR-GAB
1DDF-FR-GB
1DDF-FR-GBA
1DDF-FR-GC
Orne 61
Alençon
Bourgogne
Côte-d’Or 21
Dijon
Nièvre 58
Nevers
Saône-et-Loire 71
Mâcon
Yonne 89
Auxerre
Bretagne
Côtes-d’Armor 22
Saint-Brieuc
Finistère 29
Quimper
Ille-et-Vilaine 35
Rennes
Morbihan 56
Vannes
Centre
Cher 18
Bourges
Eure-et-Loir 28
Chartres
Indre 36
1DDF-FR-GCA
Châteauroux
1DDF-FR-GD
Indre-et-Loire 37
1DDF-FR-GDA
1DDF-FR-GE
Tours
Loir-et-Cher 41
1DDF-FR-GEA
Blois
1DDF-FR-GF
Loiret 45
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1DDF-FR-GFA
1DDF-FR-H
1DDF-FR-HA
1DDF-FR-HAB
1DDF-FR-HB
Orléans
Champagne-Ardenne
Ardennes 08
Charleville-Mézières
Aube 10
1DDF-FR-HBA
Troyes
1DDF-FR-HC
Marne 51
1DDF-FR-HCA
1DDF-FR-HD
1DDF-FR-HDA
1DDF-FR-I
1DDF-FR-IA
1DDF-FR-IAA
1DDF-FR-IB
1DDF-FR-IBA
1DDF-FR-J
1DDF-FR-JA
1DDF-FR-JAB
1DDF-FR-JB
1DDF-FR-JBA
1DDF-FR-JC
1DDF-FR-JCA
1DDF-FR-JD
1DDF-FR-JDA
1DDF-FR-K
1DDF-FR-KA
1DDF-FR-KAA
1DDF-FR-KB
1DDF-FR-KBA
Châlons-en-Champagne
Haute-Marne 52
Chaumont
Corsica
Corse-du-Sud 2A
Ajaccio
Haute-Corse 2B
Bastia
Franche-Comté
Doubs 25
Besançon
Jura 39
Lons-le-Saunier
Haute-Saône 70
Vesoul
Territoire de Belfort 90
Belfort
Haute-Normandie
Eure 27
Évreux
Seine-Maritime 76
Rouen
1DDF-FR-L
Île-de-France
1DDF-FR-LA
Paris 75
1DDF-FR-LAA
Paris
1DDF-FR-LB
Seine-et-Marne 77
1DDF-FR-LBA
Melun
1DDF-FR-LC
Yvelines 78
1DDF-FR-LCA
1DDF-FR-LD
1DDF-FR-LDA
1DDF-FR-LE
1DDF-FR-LEA
1DDF-FR-LF
1DDF-FR-LFA
1DDF-FR-LG
1DDF-FR-LGA
Versailles
Essonne 91
Évry
Hauts-de-Seine 92
Nanterre
Seine-Saint-Denis 93
Bobigny
Val-de-Marne 94
Créteil
1DDF-FR-LH
Val-d’Oise 95
1DDF-FR-LHA
Pontoise
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1DDF-FR-M
1DDF-FR-MA
1DDF-FR-MAA
1DDF-FR-MB
Languedoc-Roussillon
Aude 11
Carcassonne
Gard 30
1DDF-FR-MBA
Nîmes
1DDF-FR-MC
Hérault 34
1DDF-FR-MCA
1DDF-FR-MD
1DDF-FR-MDA
1DDF-FR-ME
1DDF-FR-MEA
1DDF-FR-N
1DDF-FR-NA
1DDF-FR-NAA
Montpellier
Lozère 48
Mende
Pyrénées-Orientales 66
Perpignan
Limousin
Corrèze 19
Tulle
1DDF-FR-NB
Creuse 23
1DDF-FR-NBA
Guéret
1DDF-FR-NC
1DDF-FR-NCA
1DDF-FR-O
1DDF-FR-OA
1DDF-FR-OAA
1DDF-FR-OB
1DDF-FR-OBA
1DDF-FR-OC
Haute-Vienne 87
Limoges
Lorraine
Meurthe-et-Moselle 54
Nancy
Meuse 55
Bar-le-Duc
Moselle 57
1DDF-FR-OCA
Metz
1DDF-FR-OD
Vosges 88
1DDF-FR-ODA
Épinal
1DDF-FR-P
Midi-Pyrénées
1DDF-FR-PA
Ariège 09
1DDF-FR-PAA
Foix
1DDF-FR-PB
Aveyron 12
1DDF-FR-PBA
Rodez
1DDF-FR-PC
1DDF-FR-PCA
1DDF-FR-PD
1DDF-FR-PDA
1DDF-FR-PE
1DDF-FR-PEA
1DDF-FR-PF
1DDF-FR-PFA
Haute-Garonne 31
Toulouse
Gers 32
Auch
Lot 46
Cahors
Hautes-Pyrénées 65
Tarbes
1DDF-FR-PG
Tarn 81
1DDF-FR-PGA
Albi
1DDF-FR-PH
1DDF-FR-PHA
1DDF-FR-Q
1DDF-FR-QA
Tarn-et-Garonne 82
Montauban
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Nord 59
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1DDF-FR-QAA
1DDF-FR-QB
1DDF-FR-QBA
1DDF-FR-R
1DDF-FR-RA
1DDF-FR-RAB
1DDF-FR-RB
1DDF-FR-RBA
1DDF-FR-RC
Lille
Pas-de-Calais 62
Arras
Pays de la Loire
Loire-Atlantique 44
Nantes
Maine-et-Loire 49
Angers
Mayenne 53
1DDF-FR-RCA
Laval
1DDF-FR-RD
Sarthe 72
1DDF-FR-RDA
1DDF-FR-RE
1DDF-FR-REA
1DDF-FR-S
Le Mans
Vendée 85
La Roche-sur-Yon
Picardie
1DDF-FR-SA
Aisne 02
1DDF-FR-SAA
Laon
1DDF-FR-SB
1DDF-FR-SBA
Oise 60
Beauvais
1DDF-FR-SC
Somme 80
1DDF-FR-SCA
Amiens
1DDF-FR-T
Poitou-Charentes
1DDF-FR-TA
Charente 16
1DDF-FR-TAA
1DDF-FR-TB
Angoulême
Charente-Maritime 17
1DDF-FR-TBA
La Rochelle
1DDF-FR-TC
Deux-Sèvres 79
1DDF-FR-TCA
Niort
1DDF-FR-TD
Vienne 86
1DDF-FR-TDA
1DDF-FR-U
1DDF-FR-UA
1DDF-FR-UAA
1DDF-FR-UB
1DDF-FR-UBA
1DDF-FR-UC
1DDF-FR-UCA
1DDF-FR-UD
1DDF-FR-UDA
1DDF-FR-UE
1DDF-FR-UEA
Poitiers
Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 04
Digne-les-Bains
Hautes-Alpes 05
Gap
Alpes-Maritimes 06
Nice
Bouches-du-Rhône 13
Marseille
Var 83
Toulon
1DDF-FR-UF
Vaucluse 84
1DDF-FR-UFA
Avignon
1DDF-FR-V
1DDF-FR-VA
1DDF-FR-VAA
Rhône-Alpes
Ain 01
Bourg-en-Bresse
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1DDF-FR-VB
Ardèche 07
1DDF-FR-VBA
Privas
1DDF-FR-VC
Drôme 26
1DDF-FR-VCA
1DDF-FR-VD
1DDF-FR-VDA
1DDF-FR-VE
1DDF-FR-VEA
Valence
Isère 38
Grenoble
Loire 42
Saint-Étienne
1DDF-FR-VF
Rhône 69
1DDF-FR-VFA
Lyon
1DDF-FR-VG
Savoie 73
1DDF-FR-VGA
1DDF-FR-VH
1DDF-FR-VHA
Chambéry
Haute-Savoie 74
Annecy
1DDL
Luxembourg
1DDM
Monaco
1DDN
Netherlands
1DDN-NL-A
Amsterdam
1DDN-NL-B
Brabant
1DDN-NL-D
Drente
1DDN-NL-F
Flevoland
1DDN-NL-G
Gelderland
1DDN-NL-H
Noord Holland
1DDN-NL-L
Limburg
1DDN-NL-N
Groningen
1DDN-NL-R
Friesland
1DDN-NL-S
Zuid Holland
1DDN-NL-U
Utrecht
1DDN-NL-V
Overijssel
1DDN-NL-Z
Zeeland
1DDR
Ireland
1DDU
United Kingdom, Great Britain
1DDU-GB-E
1DDU-GB-EA
England
East Anglia
1DDU-GB-EAC
Cambridgeshire
1DDU-GB-EAN
Norfolk
1DDU-GB-EAS
Suffolk
1DDU-GB-EAX
Essex
1DDU-GB-EM
Midlands
1DDU-GB-EMD
Derbyshire & Peak District
1DDU-GB-EMF
Herefordshire
1DDU-GB-EMH
Leicestershire
1DDU-GB-EML
Lincolnshire
1DDU-GB-EMM
Northamptonshire
1DDU-GB-EMN
Nottinghamshire
1DDU-GB-EMP
Shropshire
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1DDU-GB-EMR
Rutland
1DDU-GB-EMS
Staffordshire
1DDU-GB-EMT
Worcestershire
1DDU-GB-EMW
Warwickshire, West Midlands
1DDU-GB-EMWB
1DDU-GB-EN
Birmingham (UK)
North West England
1DDU-GB-ENC
Cheshire
1DDU-GB-ENL
Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside
1DDU-GB-ENLL
Liverpool
1DDU-GB-ENLM
Manchester
1DDU-GB-ENM
1DDU-GB-ES
Cumbria & Lake District
South & South East England
1DDU-GB-ESB
Berkshire
1DDU-GB-ESD
Bedfordshire
1DDU-GB-ESF
Oxfordshire
1DDU-GB-ESH
Hampshire
1DDU-GB-ESK
Kent
1DDU-GB-ESL
London, Greater London
1DDU-GB-ESR
Surrey
1DDU-GB-EST
Hertfordshire
1DDU-GB-ESU
Buckinghamshire
1DDU-GB-ESW
Isle of Wight
1DDU-GB-ESX
1DDU-GB-EW
Sussex
South West England
1DDU-GB-EWC
Cornwall
1DDU-GB-EWD
Devon
1DDU-GB-EWG
Gloucestershire
1DDU-GB-EWS
Somerset, Bristol
1DDU-GB-EWT
Dorset
1DDU-GB-EWW
Wiltshire
1DDU-GB-EY
North & North East England
1DDU-GB-EYD
Durham
1DDU-GB-EYK
Yorkshire
1DDU-GB-EYKL
Leeds
1DDU-GB-EYN
1DDU-GB-EYNC
1DDU-GB-N
1DDU-GB-NB
1DDU-GB-S
Northumberland, Tyne & Wear
Newcastle
Northern Ireland
Belfast
Scotland
1DDU-GB-SB
Lowland Scotland & Borders
1DDU-GB-SC
Central Scotland
1DDU-GB-SCE
Edinburgh
1DDU-GB-SCG
Glasgow
1DDU-GB-SH
Northern Scotland, Highlands & Islands
1DDU-GB-SHF
Orkney Islands
1DDU-GB-SHJ
Shetland Islands
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1DDU-GB-SHL
Western Isles, Outer Hebrides
1DDU-GB-SHQ
Isle of Skye
1DDU-GB-W
Wales
1DDU-GB-WC
Mid Wales
1DDU-GB-WN
North Wales
1DDU-GB-WS
South Wales
1DDU-GB-WSC
1DDU-GB-WV
Cardiff
Southwest Wales
1DDU-GB-X
Channel Islands
1DDU-GB-Z
Isle of Man
1DF
1DFA
Central Europe
Austria
1DFA-AT-B
Burgenland
1DFA-AT-K
Carinthia
1DFA-AT-M
Styria
1DFA-AT-N
Lower Austria
1DFA-AT-R
Upper Austria
1DFA-AT-S
Salzburg
1DFA-AT-T
Tyrol
1DFA-AT-V
Vorarlberg
1DFA-AT-W
Vienna
1DFG
1DFG-DE-B
Germany
Northeast Germany
1DFG-DE-BE
Berlin
1DFG-DE-BG
Brandenburg
1DFG-DE-BK
German Baltic Sea coast & islands
1DFG-DE-BKA
Rügen
1DFG-DE-BM
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
1DFG-DE-BS
Saxony-Anhalt
1DFG-DE-F
1DFG-DE-FS
East Germany
Saxony
1DFG-DE-FSA
Leipzig
1DFG-DE-FSB
Dresden
1DFG-DE-FT
1DFG-DE-T
1DFG-DE-TB
Thuringia
Southeast Germany
Bavaria
1DFG-DE-TBA
Lower Bavaria
1DFG-DE-TBB
Upper Bavaria
1DFG-DE-TBC
Munich
1DFG-DE-TBD
Nuremburg
1DFG-DE-U
1DFG-DE-UB
1DFG-DE-UBA
1DFG-DE-UH
1DFG-DE-UHA
1DFG-DE-UR
Southwest Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Stuttgart
Hesse
Frankfurt
Rhineland-Palatinate
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1DFG-DE-URA
1DFG-DE-US
1DFG-DE-V
Palatinate
Saarland
Northwest Germany
1DFG-DE-VA
German North Sea coast & islands
1DFG-DE-VB
Bremen
1DFG-DE-VH
Hamburg
1DFG-DE-VN
Lower Saxony
1DFG-DE-VNA
Hanover
1DFG-DE-VR
North Rhine-Westphalia
1DFG-DE-VRB
Düsseldorf
1DFG-DE-VRC
Cologne
1DFG-DE-VRD
Dortmund
1DFG-DE-VRE
Essen
1DFG-DE-VRR
Ruhr district
1DFG-DE-VS
1DFG-DE-X
Schleswig-Holstein
Historical areas within Germany
1DFG-DE-XA
Upper Lusatia
1DFG-DE-XB
Swabia
1DFG-DE-XC
Allgäu
1DFH
1DFH-CH-C
Switzerland
Espace Mittelland
1DFH-CH-CB
Bern / Berne / Berna
1DFH-CH-CF
Freiburg / Fribourg / Friborgo / Friburg
1DFH-CH-CJ
Jura / Giura
1DFH-CH-CN
Neuenburg / Neuchâtel
1DFH-CH-CS
Solothurn / Soleure / Soletta / Soloturn
1DFH-CH-G
Genferseeregion / Lake Geneva Region
1DFH-CH-GG
Genf / Genève / Ginevra / Genevra / Geneva
1DFH-CH-GV
Waadt / Vaud / Vad
1DFH-CH-GW
Wallis / Valais / Vallese / Vallais
1DFH-CH-N
Nordwestschweiz / Northwest Switzerland
1DFH-CH-NA
Aargau / Argovie / Argovia
1DFH-CH-NB
Basel-Landschaft / Bâle-Campagne / Basilea-Campagna / Basilea-Champagna / BasleCountry
1DFH-CH-ND
Basel-Stadt / Bâle-Ville / Basilea-Città / Basilea-Citad / Basle (City)
1DFH-CH-P
Ostschweiz / Eastern Switzerland
1DFH-CH-PC
Appenzell Innerrhoden / Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures / Appenzello Interno /Appenzell
dadens
1DFH-CH-PD
Appenzell Ausserrhoden / Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures / Appenzello Esterno /
Appenzell dador
1DFH-CH-PG
Glarus / Glaris / Glarona / Glaruna
1DFH-CH-PK
Graubünden / Grisons / Grigioni / Grischun
1DFH-CH-PN
St. Gallen / Saint-Gall / San Gallo / Son Gagl
1DFH-CH-PP
Schaffhausen / Schaffhouse / Sciaffusa / Schaffusa
1DFH-CH-PR
Thurgau / Thurgovie / Turgovia
1DFH-CH-R
Tessin / Ticino
1DFH-CH-U
Zentralschweiz / Central Switzerland
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1DFH-CH-UL
Luzern / Lucerne / Lucerna
1DFH-CH-UN
Nidwalden / Nidwald / Nidvaldo / Sutsilvania
1DFH-CH-UO
Obwalden / Obwald / Obvaldo / Sursilvania
1DFH-CH-US
Schwyz / Schwytz / Svitto / Sviz
1DFH-CH-UU
Uri
1DFH-CH-UV
1DFH-CH-X
1DFL
1DN
Zug / Zoug / Zugo
Zürich / Zurich / Zurigo / Turitg
Liechtenstein
Northern Europe, Scandinavia
1DNC
Iceland
1DND
Denmark
1DNDF
Faroe Islands
1DNF
Finland
1DNN
Norway
1DNN-NO-D
Nord-Norge
1DNN-NO-DF
Finnmark
1DNN-NO-DFV
Vadsø
1DNN-NO-DL
Nordland
1DNN-NO-DLB
Bodø
1DNN-NO-DLN
Narvik
1DNN-NO-DT
1DNN-NO-DTR
1DNN-NO-J
Troms
Tromsø
Sørlandet
1DNN-NO-JA
Aust-Agder
1DNN-NO-JAL
Arendal
1DNN-NO-JG
Vest-Agder
1DNN-NO-JGF
Farsund
1DNN-NO-JGK
Kristiansand
1DNN-NO-JGL
Lillesand
1DNN-NO-T
1DNN-NO-TD
Trøndelag
Nord-Trøndelag
1DNN-NO-TDS
Steinkjer
1DNN-NO-TR
Sør-Trøndelag
1DNN-NO-TRH
1DNN-NO-V
Trondheim
Vestlandet
1DNN-NO-VH
Hordaland
1DNN-NO-VHB
Bergen
1DNN-NO-VM
Møre og Romsdal
1DNN-NO-VMA
Ålesund
1DNN-NO-VMK
Kristiansund
1DNN-NO-VML
Molde
1DNN-NO-VR
1DNN-NO-VRS
1DNN-NO-VW
1DNN-NO-X
1DNN-NO-XA
Rogaland
Stavanger
Sogn og Fjordane
Østlandet
Akershus
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1DNN-NO-XB
1DNN-NO-XBD
Buskerud
Drammen
1DNN-NO-XF
Oslofjorden
1DNN-NO-XH
Hedmark
1DNN-NO-XHR
1DNN-NO-XP
1DNN-NO-XPL
Hamar
Oppland
Lillehammer
1DNN-NO-XS
Oslo
1DNN-NO-XT
Telemark
1DNN-NO-XTK
Skien
1DNN-NO-XV
Vestfold
1DNN-NO-XVL
Larvik
1DNN-NO-XVN
Sandefjord
1DNN-NO-XVR
Tønsberg
1DNN-NO-XZ
Østfold
1DNN-NO-XZF
Fredrikstad
1DNN-NO-XZH
Halden
1DNN-NO-XZM
Moss
1DNN-NO-XZS
Sarpsborg
1DNS
1DNS-SE-A
Sweden
Svealand
1DNS-SE-AA
Stockholm
1DNS-SE-AB
Uppland
1DNS-SE-AC
Södermanland
1DNS-SE-AD
Närke
1DNS-SE-AE
Västmanland
1DNS-SE-AF
Dalarna
1DNS-SE-AG
Värmland
1DNS-SE-B
Götaland
1DNS-SE-BA
Skåne
1DNS-SE-BAA
Malmö
1DNS-SE-BB
Halland
1DNS-SE-BC
Blekinge
1DNS-SE-BD
Småland
1DNS-SE-BE
Öland
1DNS-SE-BF
Gotland
1DNS-SE-BG
Östergötland
1DNS-SE-BH
Västergötland
1DNS-SE-BJ
Göteborg
1DNS-SE-BK
Bohuslän
1DNS-SE-BL
Dalsland
1DNS-SE-C
Norrland
1DNS-SE-CA
Gästrikland
1DNS-SE-CB
Hälsingland
1DNS-SE-CC
Jämtland
1DNS-SE-CD
Härjedalen
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1DNS-SE-CE
Medelpad
1DNS-SE-CF
Ångermanland
1DNS-SE-CG
Västerbotten
1DNS-SE-CH
Norrbotten
1DNS-SE-CJ
Lappland
1DS
1DSE
Southern Europe
Spain
1DSE-ES-A
Andalucía, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-B
Balearic Islands
1DSE-ES-C
Aragón, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-D
Asturias, Principado de
1DSE-ES-E
Canary Islands
(Use for political & social aspects; prefer/add 1MTANC for geophysical, natural history &
travel aspects)
(See also: 1MTANC: "Canary Islands")
1DSE-ES-F
Cantabria, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-G
Castilla-La Mancha, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-H
Castilla y León, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-J
Catalonia
1DSE-ES-K
Extremadura, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-L
Galicia, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-M
Madrid, Comunidad de
1DSE-ES-N
Murcia, Región de
1DSE-ES-Q
Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
1DSE-ES-R
País Vasco, Comunidad Autónoma del
1DSE-ES-S
La Rioja, Comunidad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-T
Valenciana, Comunidad
1DSE-ES-U
Ceuta, Ciudad Autónoma de
1DSE-ES-V
Melilla, Ciudad Autónoma de
1DSG
Gibraltar
1DSM
Malta
1DSN
Andorra
1DSP
Portugal
1DST
Italy
1DST-IT-N
Northern Italy
1DST-IT-NA
Valle d’Aosta
1DST-IT-NF
Friuli Venezia Giulia
1DST-IT-NFG
Gorizia
1DST-IT-NFP
Pordenone
1DST-IT-NFT
Trieste
1DST-IT-NFU
1DST-IT-NG
Udine
Liguria
1DST-IT-NGA
Genoa
1DST-IT-NGM
Imperia
1DST-IT-NGS
Savona
1DST-IT-NGZ
La Spezia
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1DST-IT-NL
Lombardia
1DST-IT-NLA
Varese
1DST-IT-NLB
Bergamo
1DST-IT-NLC
Como
1DST-IT-NLD
Lodi
1DST-IT-NLE
Lecco
1DST-IT-NLM
Milan
1DST-IT-NLN
Sondrio
1DST-IT-NLR
Cremona
1DST-IT-NLS
Brescia
1DST-IT-NLT
Mantova
1DST-IT-NLV
Pavia
1DST-IT-NLZ
Monza e Brianza
1DST-IT-NP
Piemonte
1DST-IT-NPA
Alessandria
1DST-IT-NPL
Biella
1DST-IT-NPN
Novara
1DST-IT-NPR
Vercelli
1DST-IT-NPS
Asti
1DST-IT-NPT
Turin
1DST-IT-NPU
Cuneo
1DST-IT-NPV
Provincia del Verbano Cusio Ossola
1DST-IT-NT
Trentino Alto Adige
1DST-IT-NTR
Trento
1DST-IT-NTZ
Bolzano
1DST-IT-NV
Veneto
1DST-IT-NVD
Padua
1DST-IT-NVE
Venice
1DST-IT-NVN
Verona
1DST-IT-NVR
Rovigo
1DST-IT-NVS
Treviso
1DST-IT-NVU
Belluno
1DST-IT-NVZ
Vicenza
1DST-IT-T
1DST-IT-TG
Central Italy
Emilia Romagna
1DST-IT-TGB
Bologna
1DST-IT-TGC
Forlì-Cesena
1DST-IT-TGF
Ferrara
1DST-IT-TGM
Modena
1DST-IT-TGN
Rimini
1DST-IT-TGP
Parma
1DST-IT-TGR
Reggio nell’Emilia
1DST-IT-TGV
Ravenna
1DST-IT-TGZ
Piacenza
1DST-IT-TM
1DST-IT-TMA
Marche
Ancona
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1DST-IT-TMF
Fermo
1DST-IT-TMP
Pesaro e Urbino
1DST-IT-TMS
Ascoli Piceno
1DST-IT-TMT
Macerata
1DST-IT-TR
Umbria
1DST-IT-TRP
Perugia
1DST-IT-TRT
Terni
1DST-IT-TS
Tuscany
1DST-IT-TSA
Arezzo
1DST-IT-TSE
Siena
1DST-IT-TSF
Florence
1DST-IT-TSG
Grosseto
1DST-IT-TSL
Livorno
1DST-IT-TSM
Massa-Carrara
1DST-IT-TSP
Pisa
1DST-IT-TSR
Prato
1DST-IT-TST
Pistoia
1DST-IT-TSU
Lucca
1DST-IT-TZ
Lazio
1DST-IT-TZF
Frosinone
1DST-IT-TZL
Latina
1DST-IT-TZR
Rome
1DST-IT-TZT
Rieti
1DST-IT-TZV
Viterbo
1DST-IT-U
1DST-IT-UA
Southern Italy & Islands
Abruzzo
1DST-IT-UAH
Chieti
1DST-IT-UAP
Pescara
1DST-IT-UAQ
L’Aquila
1DST-IT-UAT
Teramo
1DST-IT-UC
Calabria
1DST-IT-UCK
Crotone
1DST-IT-UCR
Reggio Calabria
1DST-IT-UCS
Cosenza
1DST-IT-UCV
Vibo Valentia
1DST-IT-UCZ
Catanzaro
1DST-IT-UD
Sardinia
1DST-IT-UDC
Cagliari
1DST-IT-UDG
Provincia dell’Ogliastra
1DST-IT-UDM
Provincia del Medio Campidano
1DST-IT-UDN
Carbonia-Iglesias
1DST-IT-UDR
Oristano
1DST-IT-UDS
Sassari
1DST-IT-UDT
Olbia Tempio
1DST-IT-UDU
Nuoro
1DST-IT-UE
Molise
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1DST-IT-UEC
Campobasso
1DST-IT-UES
Isernia
1DST-IT-UL
Sicily
1DST-IT-ULA
Agrigento
1DST-IT-ULC
Caltanissetta
1DST-IT-ULE
Enna
1DST-IT-ULM
Messina
1DST-IT-ULN
Trapani
1DST-IT-ULP
Palermo
1DST-IT-ULR
Ragusa
1DST-IT-ULS
Syracuse
1DST-IT-ULT
Catania
1DST-IT-UM
Campania
1DST-IT-UML
Avellino
1DST-IT-UMN
Naples
1DST-IT-UMS
Salerno
1DST-IT-UMT
Caserta
1DST-IT-UMV
Benevento
1DST-IT-UP
Puglia
1DST-IT-UPA
Bari
1DST-IT-UPG
Foggia
1DST-IT-UPL
Lecce
1DST-IT-UPR
Barletta Andria Trani
1DST-IT-UPS
Brindisi
1DST-IT-UPT
Taranto
1DST-IT-US
Basilicata
1DST-IT-USM
Matera
1DST-IT-USP
Potenza
1DST-IT-X
1DST-IT-XN
Historical and cultural areas within Italy
Historical and cultural areas: Northern Italy
1DST-IT-XNA
Langhe
1DST-IT-XNC
Monferrato
1DST-IT-XNE
Canavese
1DST-IT-XNF
Cinque Terre
1DST-IT-XNH
Tigullio
1DST-IT-XNL
Franciacorta
1DST-IT-XNN
Lomellina
1DST-IT-XNP
Polesine
1DST-IT-XNR
1DST-IT-XT
Carnia
Historical and cultural areas: Central Italy
1DST-IT-XTA
Lunigiana
1DST-IT-XTC
Garfagnana
1DST-IT-XTE
Chianti
1DST-IT-XTG
Mugello
1DST-IT-XTL
Versilia
1DST-IT-XTN
Ciociaria
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1DST-IT-XU
Historical and cultural areas: Southern Italy & islands
1DST-IT-XUA
Cilento
1DST-IT-XUC
Irpinia
1DST-IT-XUE
Sannio
1DST-IT-XUG
Salento
1DST-IT-XUL
Gallura
1DSU
San Marino
1DSV
Vatican
1DT
Eastern Europe
1DTA
Russia
1DTB
Belarus (Belorussia)
1DTD
Latvia
1DTE
Estonia
1DTF
Lithuania
1DTG
Georgia
1DTH
Hungary
1DTJ
Czech Republic
1DTK
Slovakia
1DTM
Moldova (Moldavia)
1DTN
Ukraine
1DTP
Poland
1DTT
Turkey
1DTV
Armenia
1DTX
Azerbaijan
1DTZ
Kazakhstan
1DX
Southeast Europe
1DXA
Albania
1DXB
Bulgaria
1DXC
Croatia
1DXD
Macedonia
1DXG
Greece
1DXH
Bosnia-Herzegovina
1DXK
Kosovo
1DXN
Montenegro
1DXR
Romania
1DXS
Serbia
1DXV
Slovenia
1DXY
Cyprus
1DZ
1DZA
Europe: physical features
Europe: rivers, lakes etc
1DZAD
Danube river & tributaries
1DZAR
Rhine river & tributaries
1DZARC
Lake Constance
1DZAV
Volga river & tributaries
1DZA-DE-E
Elbe river & tributaries
1DZA-DE-N
Oder and Neisse rivers & tributaries
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1DZA-DE-W
Weser river & tributaries
1DZA-IT-A
Po river & tributaries
1DZA-IT-C
Arno river & tributaries
1DZA-IT-E
Tiber river and tributaries
1DZT
Europe: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1DZTA
The Alps
1DZTC
Carpathian mountains
1DZTP
The Pyrenees
1DZTU
Ural mountains
1DZT-DE-A
Harz mountains
1DZT-DE-B
Rhön mountains
1DZT-DE-C
Eifel region
1DZT-DE-D
Black Forest region
1DZT-DE-E
Rhineland
1DZT-IT-A
Northern Apennines
1DZT-IT-B
Central Apennines
1DZT-IT-C
Southern Apennines
1DZT-IT-G
Karst plateau
1DZT-IT-L
Maremma
1DZT-IT-N
Val d’Orcia
1DZT-IT-P
Tavoliere delle Puglie
1DZT-IT-R
Amalfi coast
1DZT-IT-T
1F
1FB
Costa Smeralda
Asia
Middle East
1FBH
Israel
1FBJ
Jordan
1FBL
Lebanon
1FBN
Iran
1FBP
Palestine
1FBQ
Iraq
1FBS
Syria
1FBX
Arabian peninsula
1FBXB
Bahrain
1FBXK
Kuwait
1FBXM
Oman
1FBXQ
Qatar
1FBXS
Saudi Arabia
1FBXU
United Arab Emirates
1FBXY
Yemen
1FC
Central Asia
1FCA
Afghanistan
1FCD
Tajikistan (Tadzhikistan)
1FCK
Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizstan, Kirghizia)
1FCS
Siberia
1FCT
Turkmenistan
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1FCU
1FK
Uzbekistan
Indian sub-continent
1FKA
India
1FKB
Bangladesh
1FKH
Bhutan
1FKN
Nepal
1FKP
Pakistan
1FKS
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
1FM
South East Asia
1FMB
Myanmar (Burma)
1FMC
Cambodia
1FML
Laos
1FMM
Malaysia
1FMN
Indonesia
1FMNB
Bali
1FMNT
East Timor
1FMNX
Borneo
1FMP
Philippines
1FMR
Brunei
1FMS
Singapore
1FMT
Thailand
1FMV
Vietnam
1FP
1FPC
East Asia, Far East
China
1FPCH
Hong Kong
1FPCM
Macao
1FPCT
Tibet
1FPCW
Taiwan
1FPJ
Japan
1FPK
Korea
1FPKN
North Korea
1FPKS
South Korea
1FPM
1FZ
1FZA
Mongolia
Asia: physical features
Asia: rivers, lakes etc
1FZAG
Ganges river & tributaries
1FZAJ
Indus river & tributaries
1FZAM
Mekong river & tributaries
1FZAX
Yangtze river & tributaries
1FZAY
Yellow river & tributaries
1FZT
Asia: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1FZTA
Altai mountains
1FZTG
Gobi desert
1FZTH
The Himalayas
1H
1HB
Africa
North Africa
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1HBA
Algeria
1HBC
Chad
1HBE
Egypt
1HBE-AA-D
Nile Valley and Delta
1HBE-AA-DA
Alexandria
1HBE-AA-DB
Aswan
1HBE-AA-DC
Cairo
1HBE-AA-DD
Beheira
1HBE-AA-DF
Beni Suef
1HBE-AA-DG
Dakahlia
1HBE-AA-DH
Damietta
1HBE-AA-DJ
Gharbia
1HBE-AA-DK
Giza
1HBE-AA-DL
Kafr el-Sheikh
1HBE-AA-DN
Minya
1HBE-AA-DP
Monufia
1HBE-AA-DQ
Qalyubia
1HBE-AA-DS
Sharqia
1HBE-AA-DW
Sohag
1HBE-AA-DX
Luxor
1HBE-AA-J
Egypt: Western Desert
1HBE-AA-JF
Faiyum
1HBE-AA-JM
Matruh
1HBE-AA-JV
New Valley (Governorate of Egypt)
1HBE-AA-M
Egypt: Eastern Desert
1HBE-AA-MA
Asyut
1HBE-AA-MQ
Qena
1HBE-AA-MR
Red Sea (Governorate of Egypt)
(See also: 1QSL: "Red Sea")
1HBE-AA-S
Sinai Peninsula
1HBE-AA-SL
Ismailia
1HBE-AA-SN
North Sinai
1HBE-AA-SP
Port Said
1HBE-AA-SS
South Sinai
1HBE-AA-SZ
Suez
1HBL
Libya
1HBM
Morocco
1HBS
Sudan
1HBT
Tunisia
1HBW
Western Sahara
1HBZ
South Sudan
1HF
1HFD
Sub-Saharan Africa
West Africa
1HFDA
Mauritania
1HFDB
Benin
1HFDE
Sierra Leone
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1HFDF
Burkina Faso
1HFDG
Gambia
1HFDH
Ghana
1HFDL
Liberia
1HFDM
Mali
1HFDN
Nigeria
1HFDR
Niger
1HFDS
Senegal
1HFDT
Togo
1HFDU
Guinea
1HFDV
Cape Verde
1HFDX
Guinea-Bissau
1HFDY
Ivory Coast
1HFG
East Africa
1HFGA
Ethiopia
1HFGD
Djibouti
1HFGE
Eritrea
1HFGK
Kenya
1HFGQ
Burundi
1HFGR
Rwanda
1HFGS
Somalia
1HFGSR
Republic of Somaliland
1HFGT
Tanzania
1HFGU
Uganda
1HFJ
Central Africa
1HFJA
Cameroon
1HFJC
Congo
1HFJG
Gabon
1HFJQ
Equatorial Guinea
1HFJR
Central African Republic
1HFJS
Sao Tome & Principe
1HFJZ
Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)
1HFM
Southern Africa
1HFMA
Angola
1HFMB
Botswana
1HFMK
Swaziland
1HFML
Lesotho
1HFMM
Malawi
1HFMN
Namibia
1HFMQ
Mozambique
1HFMS
Republic of South Africa
1HFMW
Zimbabwe
1HFMZ
Zambia
1HS
South Indian Ocean Islands
1HSC
Comoros
1HSM
Madagascar
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1HSU
Mauritius
1HSV
Maldives
1HSY
Seychelles
1HS-FR-L
La Réunion
1HS-FR-LA
1HS-FR-M
1HS-FR-MA
1HZ
1HZA
Saint-Denis
Mayotte
Dzaoudzi
Africa: physical features
Africa: rivers, lakes etc
1HZAC
Congo river & tributaries
1HZAG
Niger river & tributaries
1HZAM
Lake Nyasa
1HZAN
Nile river & tributaries
1HZAS
Suez canal
1HZAT
Lake Tanganyika
1HZAV
Lake Victoria & Victoria Falls
1HZAZ
Zambesi river & tributaries
1HZT
Africa: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1HZTA
Atlas mountains
1HZTK
Kalahari desert
1HZTR
Great Rift Valley
1HZTS
The Sahara
1HZTT
1K
1KB
1KBB
1KBB-US-M
1KBB-US-ML
1KBB-US-MLC
1KBB-US-MLCC
The Sahel
The Americas
North America (USA & Canada)
United States of America, USA
US Midwest
US Midwest: East North Central (Great Lakes) States
Illinois
Chicago
1KBB-US-MLD
Indiana
1KBB-US-MLG
Michigan
1KBB-US-MLO
Ohio
1KBB-US-MLT
Minnesota
1KBB-US-MLW
Wisconsin
1KBB-US-MP
US Midwest: West North Central (Great Plains) States
1KBB-US-MPA
Iowa
1KBB-US-MPK
Kansas
1KBB-US-MPM
Missouri
1KBB-US-MPN
Nebraska
1KBB-US-MPR
North Dakota
1KBB-US-MPT
South Dakota
1KBB-US-N
1KBB-US-NA
US Northeast
US Northeast: Mid-Atlantic States
1KBB-US-NAJ
New Jersey
1KBB-US-NAK
New York
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1KBB-US-NAKC
1KBB-US-NAP
1KBB-US-NAPH
1KBB-US-NE
New York City
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
US Northeast: New England
1KBB-US-NEC
Connecticut
1KBB-US-NEI
Maine
1KBB-US-NEM
Massachusetts
1KBB-US-NEMB
Boston
1KBB-US-NEN
New Hampshire
1KBB-US-NER
Rhode Island
1KBB-US-NEV
Vermont
1KBB-US-S
1KBB-US-SC
US South
US South: East South Central States
1KBB-US-SCA
Alabama
1KBB-US-SCK
Kentucky
1KBB-US-SCM
Mississippi
1KBB-US-SCT
Tennessee
1KBB-US-SE
US South: South Atlantic States
1KBB-US-SEC
District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)
1KBB-US-SED
Delaware
1KBB-US-SEF
Florida
1KBB-US-SEFM
1KBB-US-SEG
Miami
Georgia (US State)
1KBB-US-SEGT
Atlanta
1KBB-US-SEM
Maryland
1KBB-US-SEN
North Carolina
1KBB-US-SES
South Carolina
1KBB-US-SEV
Virginia
1KBB-US-SEW
West Virginia
1KBB-US-SW
US South: West South Central States
1KBB-US-SWA
Arkansas
1KBB-US-SWL
Louisiana
1KBB-US-SWLN
New Orleans
1KBB-US-SWO
Oklahoma
1KBB-US-SWT
Texas
1KBB-US-SWTH
1KBB-US-W
1KBB-US-WM
Houston
US West
US West: Mountain States
1KBB-US-WMA
Arizona
1KBB-US-WMC
Colorado
1KBB-US-WMD
Idaho
1KBB-US-WMM
Montana
1KBB-US-WMN
Nevada
1KBB-US-WMNV
Las Vegas
1KBB-US-WMT
New Mexico
1KBB-US-WMU
Utah
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1KBB-US-WMW
1KBB-US-WP
1KBB-US-WPC
Wyoming
US West: Pacific States
California
1KBB-US-WPCA
Los Angeles
1KBB-US-WPCF
San Francisco
1KBB-US-WPH
Hawaii
(Use for political & social aspects; prefer/add 1MKPH for geophysical, natural history
& travel aspects)
(See also: 1MKPH: "Hawaiian Islands")
1KBB-US-WPN
US Pacific Northwest
1KBB-US-WPNA
Alaska
1KBB-US-WPNR
Oregon
1KBB-US-WPNW
Washington (US State)
1KBB-US-WPNWS
1KBC
1KBC-CA-A
1KBC-CA-AN
Seattle
Canada
Alberta
Northern Alberta
1KBC-CA-ANB
Northern Alberta: Wood Buffalo and Waterton Lakes National Parks
1KBC-CA-AND
Northern Alberta: Peace River Country (AB)
1KBC-CA-ANG
Northern Alberta: Alberta’s Rockies & Banff and Jasper National Parks
1KBC-CA-AS
Southern Alberta
1KBC-CA-ASC
Southern Alberta: Calgary Region
1KBC-CA-ASF
Southern Alberta: Edmonton Capital Region
1KBC-CA-ASJ
Southern Alberta: Elk Island National Park
1KBC-CA-ASN
Southern Alberta: Waterton Lakes National Park
1KBC-CA-B
1KBC-CA-BD
British Columbia
British Columbia Interior
1KBC-CA-BDA
British Columbia Interior: Atlin District
1KBC-CA-BDB
British Columbia Interior: Stikine Country
1KBC-CA-BDC
British Columbia Interior: Peace River Country
1KBC-CA-BDD
British Columbia Interior: Nechako
1KBC-CA-BDE
British Columbia Interior: Bulkley
1KBC-CA-BDF
British Columbia Interior: Cariboo
1KBC-CA-BDG
British Columbia Interior: Chilcotin
1KBC-CA-BDH
British Columbia Interior: Omineca-Prince George
1KBC-CA-BDJ
British Columbia Interior: Robson Valley
1KBC-CA-BDK
British Columbia Interior: Kootenays
1KBC-CA-BDKA
British Columbia Interior: Kootenays National Parks (Mount Revelstoke, Kootenay,
Glacier and Yoho)
1KBC-CA-BDL
British Columbia Interior: Okanagan
1KBC-CA-BDM
British Columbia Interior: Boundary
1KBC-CA-BDN
British Columbia Interior: Similkameen
1KBC-CA-BDP
British Columbia Interior: Thompson
1KBC-CA-BDQ
British Columbia Interior: Shuswap
1KBC-CA-BDR
British Columbia Interior: Lillooet-Fraser Canyon
1KBC-CA-BF
1KBC-CA-BFB
British Columbia South Coast
British Columbia South Coast: Lower Mainland
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1KBC-CA-BFD
British Columbia South Coast: Greater Vancouver
1KBC-CA-BFF
British Columbia South Coast: Fraser Valley
1KBC-CA-BFJ
British Columbia South Coast: Sea-to-Sky Corridor
1KBC-CA-BFM
British Columbia South Coast: Gulf Islands & Gulf Islands National Park Reserve
1KBC-CA-BFR
British Columbia South Coast: Sunshine Coast
1KBC-CA-BL
British Columbia Vancouver Island
1KBC-CA-BLC
British Columbia Vancouver Island: Greater Victoria
1KBC-CA-BLK
British Columbia Vancouver Island: Mid-Island
1KBC-CA-BLN
British Columbia Vancouver Island: North Island
1KBC-CA-BLS
British Columbia Vancouver Island: West Coast
1KBC-CA-BLW
British Columbia Vancouver Island: Juan de Fuca region & Pacific Rim National Park
Reserve
1KBC-CA-BP
British Columbia Central Coast
1KBC-CA-BPD
British Columbia Central Coast: Queen Charlotte Strait
1KBC-CA-BPL
British Columbia Central Coast: Bella Coola Valley
1KBC-CA-BT
British Columbia North Coast
1KBC-CA-BTE
British Columbia North Coast: Haida Gwaii & Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and
Haida Heritage Site
1KBC-CA-BTM
British Columbia North Coast: Skeena
1KBC-CA-BTR
British Columbia North Coast: Nass
1KBC-CA-BTY
British Columbia North Coast: Stewart Country
1KBC-CA-C
1KBC-CA-CN
1KBC-CA-CNB
1KBC-CA-CP
1KBC-CA-CPR
1KBC-CA-CS
1KBC-CA-CSW
1KBC-CA-D
Manitoba
Northern Manitoba
Northern Manitoba: Wapusk National Park
Interlake and Central Manitoba
Interlake and Central Manitoba: Riding Mountain National Park
Southern Manitoba
Southern Manitoba: Winnipeg Capital Region
New Brunswick
1KBC-CA-DF
New Brunswick: Fundy National Park
1KBC-CA-DK
New Brunswick: Greater Saint John
1KBC-CA-DN
New Brunswick: Greater Fredericton
1KBC-CA-F
1KBC-CA-FL
1KBC-CA-FLT
1KBC-CA-FN
1KBC-CA-FNA
1KBC-CA-FNAJ
Newfoundland & Labrador
Labrador
Labrador: Torngat Mountains National Park
Newfoundland
Newfoundland: Avalon Peninsula
Newfoundland: Avalon Peninsula: St John’s
1KBC-CA-FNC
Newfoundland: Burin Peninsula
1KBC-CA-FNE
Newfoundland: Bonavista Peninsula & Terra Nova National Park
1KBC-CA-FNH
Newfoundland: South Coast
1KBC-CA-FNK
Newfoundland: West Coast & Gros Morne National Park
1KBC-CA-FNM
Newfoundland: Great Northern Peninsula
1KBC-CA-FNR
Newfoundland: Northeast Coast
1KBC-CA-H
Northwest Territories
1KBC-CA-HL
Northwest Territories: Inuvik Region & Tuktut Nogait National Park
1KBC-CA-HP
Northwest Territories: Sahtu Region
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1KBC-CA-HT
Northwest Territories: Dehcho Region & Nahanni and Naats’ihch’oh National Park
Reserves
1KBC-CA-HV
Northwest Territories: North Slave Region
1KBC-CA-HW
Northwest Territories: Yellowknife
1KBC-CA-HX
Northwest Territories: South Slave Region
1KBC-CA-J
Nova Scotia
1KBC-CA-JA
Nova Scotia: Annapolis Valley
1KBC-CA-JB
Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Island & Cape Breton Highlands National Park
1KBC-CA-JC
Central Nova Scotia
1KBC-CA-JD
Nova Scotia: Eastern Shore & Sable Island National Park Reserve
1KBC-CA-JH
Nova Scotia: Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM)
1KBC-CA-JK
Nova Scotia: North Shore
1KBC-CA-JM
Nova Scotia: South Shore & Kejimkujik National Park
1KBC-CA-K
Nunavut
1KBC-CA-KC
Nunavut: Kitikmeot Region
1KBC-CA-KN
Nunavut: Kivalliq Region & Ukkusiksalik National Park
1KBC-CA-KQ
Nunavut: Qikiqtaaluk Region & Auyuittuq, Sirmilik and Quttinirpaaq National Parks
1KBC-CA-KQT
1KBC-CA-O
1KBC-CA-OB
1KBC-CA-OBP
Nunavut: Qikiqtaaluk Region: Iqaluit
Ontario
Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario: Pukaskwa National Park
1KBC-CA-OD
Northeastern Ontario
1KBC-CA-OG
Central Ontario
1KBC-CA-OGC
Central Ontario: Haliburton and Algonquin Park
1KBC-CA-OGF
Central Ontario: Kawartha Lakes
1KBC-CA-OGJ
Central Ontario: Muskoka
1KBC-CA-OGQ
Central Ontario: Bay of Quinte
1KBC-CA-OM
Eastern Ontario
1KBC-CA-OMC
Eastern Ontario: Ottawa / National Capital Region
1KBC-CA-OML
Eastern Ontario: Ottawa Valley
1KBC-CA-OMT
Eastern Ontario: Thousand Islands & St. Lawrence Islands National Park
1KBC-CA-OS
Southwestern Ontario
1KBC-CA-OSB
Southwestern Ontario: Bruce Peninsula & National Park
1KBC-CA-OSF
Southwestern Ontario: Georgian Triangle & Georgian Bay Islands National Park
1KBC-CA-OSM
Southwestern Ontario: Greater Toronto Area
1KBC-CA-OSR
Southwestern Ontario: Niagara Peninsula & Point Pelee National Park
1KBC-CA-P
Prince Edward Island
1KBC-CA-PM
Prince Edward Island: North Shore & Prince Edward Island National Park
1KBC-CA-PR
Prince Edward Island: South Shore
1KBC-CA-PT
Prince Edward Island: Summerside Area
1KBC-CA-PV
1KBC-CA-Q
Prince Edward Island: Charlottetown Area
Québec
1KBC-CA-QB
Québec: Bas-Saint-Laurent
1KBC-CA-QD
Québec: Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
1KBC-CA-QF
Québec City, Capitale-Nationale
1KBC-CA-QH
Québec: Mauricie & La Mauricie National Park
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1KBC-CA-QJ
Québec: Estrie
1KBC-CA-QL
Québec: Outaouais
1KBC-CA-QM
Québec: Montréal
1KBC-CA-QN
Québec: Abitibi-Témiscamingue
1KBC-CA-QP
Québec: Côte-Nord & Mingan Archipelago National Park
1KBC-CA-QR
Québec: Nord-du-Québec
1KBC-CA-QS
Québec: Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine & Forillon National Park
1KBC-CA-QT
Québec: Chaudière-Appalaches
1KBC-CA-QU
Québec: Laval
1KBC-CA-QV
Québec: Lanaudière
1KBC-CA-QW
Québec: Laurentides
1KBC-CA-QX
Québec: Montérégie
1KBC-CA-QY
Québec: Centre-du-Québec
1KBC-CA-S
Saskatchewan
1KBC-CA-SD
Northern Saskatchewan
1KBC-CA-SG
Central Saskatchewan
1KBC-CA-SGA
Central Saskatchewan: Saskatoon
1KBC-CA-SGP
Central Saskatchewan: Prince Albert National Park
1KBC-CA-SS
Southern Saskatchewan
1KBC-CA-SSA
Central Saskatchewan: Regina
1KBC-CA-SSP
Central Saskatchewan: Grasslands National Park
1KBC-CA-U
Yukon Territory
1KBC-CA-UD
Yukon Territory: Northern Yukon, Vuntut & Ivvavik National Parks
1KBC-CA-UF
Yukon Territory: Silver Trail Region
1KBC-CA-UK
Yukon Territory: Klondike Region
1KBC-CA-UL
Yukon Territory: Kluane Region & Kluane National Park & Reserve
1KBC-CA-UO
Yukon Territory: Campbell & Watson Lakes Regions
1KBC-CA-UW
Yukon Territory: Whitehorse & Southern Lakes Regions
1KBZ
1KBZA
1KBZAA
North America: physical features
North America: rivers, lakes etc
Great Lakes
1KBZAAN
Niagara Falls
1KBZAC
Colorado river & tributaries
1KBZAG
Rio Grande & tributaries
1KBZAK
Mackenzie river & tributaries
1KBZAM
Mississippi-Missouri river & tributaries
1KBZAS
St Lawrence river & tributaries
1KBZAY
Yukon river & tributaries
1KBZT
North America: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1KBZTA
Appalachian Mountains
1KBZTG
Grand Canyon
1KBZTP
North America: Great Plains
1KBZTR
Rocky Mountains
1KJ
Caribbean islands
1KJC
Cuba
1KJD
Dominican Republic
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1KJH
Haiti
1KJM
Cayman Islands
1KJP
Puerto Rico
1KJW
West Indies
1KJWB
Bahamas
1KJWJ
Jamaica
1KJWT
Turks & Caicos Islands
1KJWV
Leeward Islands
1KJWVA
Anguilla
1KJWVB
Antigua & Barbuda
1KJWVG
Guadeloupe
1KJWVG-FR-A
Basse Terre
1KJWVK
St Kitts–Nevis
1KJWVM
Montserrat
1KJWVV
Virgin Islands
1KJWVVK
Virgin Islands (UK)
1KJWVVS
Virgin Islands (USA)
1KJWW
Windward Islands
1KJWWB
Barbados
1KJWWD
Dominica
1KJWWG
Grenada
1KJWWL
St Lucia
1KJWWM
Martinique
1KJWWM-FR-A
Fort-De-France
1KJWWT
Trinidad & Tobago
1KJWWV
St Vincent
1KJX
Lesser Antilles
1KJXA
Aruba
1KJXN
Netherlands Antilles
1KL
1KLC
South & Central America (including Mexico), Latin America
Central America (including Mexico)
1KLCB
Belize
1KLCG
Guatemala
1KLCH
Honduras
1KLCM
Mexico
1KLCN
Nicaragua
1KLCP
Panama
1KLCR
Costa Rica
1KLCS
El Salvador
1KLS
South America
1KLSA
Argentina
1KLSB
Brazil
1KLSC
Colombia
1KLSE
Ecuador
1KLSF
French Guiana
1KLSF-FR-A
Cayenne
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1KLSG
Guyana
1KLSH
Chile
1KLSL
Bolivia
1KLSP
Paraguay
1KLSR
Peru
1KLSS
Surinam (Suriname)
1KLSU
Uruguay
1KLSV
Venezuela
1KLZ
1KLZA
South & Central America: physical features
South & Central America: rivers, lakes etc
1KLZAA
Amazon river & tributaries
1KLZAC
Panama canal
1KLZAP
Paraná-Río de la Plata & tributaries
1KLZT
South & Central America: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1KLZTA
Andes mountains
1KLZTG
Galapagos Islands
1KLZTM
Sierra Madre mountains
1M
1MB
1MBF
1MBF-AU-C
1MBF-AU-CA
1MBF-AU-N
Australiasia, Oceania & Other land areas
Australasia
Australia
Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
Canberra
New South Wales
1MBF-AU-NS
Sydney
1MBF-AU-Q
Queensland
1MBF-AU-QB
Brisbane
1MBF-AU-S
1MBF-AU-SA
1MBF-AU-T
1MBF-AU-TH
1MBF-AU-V
1MBF-AU-VM
1MBF-AU-W
1MBF-AU-WP
1MBF-AU-X
1MBF-AU-XD
South Australia
Adelaide
Tasmania
Hobart
Victoria
Melbourne
Western Australia
Perth
Northern Territory
Darwin
1MBN
New Zealand
1MBZ
Australasia: physical features
1MBZA
1MBZAD
1MBZT
Australasia: rivers, lakes etc
Murray-Darling river & tributaries
Australasia: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc
1MBZTB
Great Dividing Range mountains
1MBZTD
Great Barrier Reef
1MBZTU
Uluru & The Outback
1MK
1MKC
Oceania
Micronesia
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1MKCB
Belau (Palau)
1MKCC
Caroline Islands
1MKCF
Federated States of Micronesia
1MKCG
Gilbert Islands
1MKCM
Marshall Islands
1MKCN
Nauru
1MKCU
Guam
1MKCV
Northern Marianas
1MKL
Melanesia
1MKLF
Fiji
1MKLN
New Caledonia
1MKLP
Papua New Guinea
1MKLS
Solomon Islands
1MKLV
Vanuatu
1MKP
1MKPC
1MKPCR
Polynesia
Cook Islands
Raratonga
1MKPE
Easter Island
1MKPF
French Polynesia
1MKPFT
1MKPH
Tahiti
Hawaiian Islands
(Use for geophysical, natural history & travel aspects; or if not using US National
Extensions)
(See also: 1KBB-US-WPH: "Hawaii")
1MKPK
Kiribati
1MKPN
Niue
1MKPP
Pitcairn Island
1MKPR
Samoa
1MKPRA
American Samoa
1MKPRW
Western Samoa
1MKPT
Tonga
1MKPV
Tuvalu
1MKPW
Wallis & Futuna
1MT
1MTA
1MTAN
Other land areas
Atlantic Ocean islands
North Atlantic islands
1MTANB
Bermuda
1MTANC
Canary Islands
(Use for geophysical, natural history & travel aspects; or if not using Spanish National
Extensions)
(See also: 1DSE-ES-E: "Canary Islands")
1MTANM
Madeira
1MTANZ
Azores
1MTAS
South Atlantic islands
1MTASC
Ascension Island
1MTASF
Falklands
1MTASG
South Georgia
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1MTASH
St Helena
1MTAST
Tristan da Cunha
1MTN
Arctic regions
1MTNG
Greenland
1MTN-NO-J
Jan Mayen
1MTN-NO-S
1MTS
1Q
1QB
1QBA
Svalbard
Antarctica
Other geographical groupings, Oceans & seas
Historical states, empires & regions
Ancient World
1QBAA
Assyrian Empires
1QBAB
Babylonia
1QBAE
Ancient Egypt
1QBAG
Ancient Greece
1QBAG-IT-A
Magna Grecia (Hellenic Italy)
1QBAH
Hittite Empire
1QBAL
Ancient / Biblical Israel
1QBAM
Mesopotamia
1QBAP
Persian Empire
1QBAR
Ancient Rome
1QBAS
Sumeria
1QBAT
Etruria
1QBC
Historical states & empires: multi-continental
1QBCB
Byzantine Empire
1QBCE
Islamic Caliphate
1QBCL
Mongol Empire
1QBCS
Ottoman Empire
1QBCU
British Empire
1QBD
Historical states & empires: Europe
1QBDA
Austro-Hungarian Empire
1QBDF
Holy Roman Empire
1QBDK
Czechoslovakia
1QBDL
East Germany, DDR
1QBDN
West Germany
1QBDR
USSR, Soviet Union
1QBDY
Yugoslavia
1QBD-FR-Z
France: Regions / terroirs historiques
1QBF
Historical states & empires: Asia
1QBH
Historical states & empires: Africa
1QBHK
1QBK
1QBKL
1QBM
1QF
Ashanti Kingdoms
Historical states & empires: Americas
Inca Empire
Historical states & empires: Australasia, Oceania & other land areas
Political, socio-economic & strategic groupings
1QFC
The (British) Commonwealth
1QFE
EU (European Union)
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1QFG
Developing countries
1QFH
Industrialized / developed countries
1QFM
Islamic countries
1QFN
NATO
1QFP
OPEC
1QFS
ASEAN
1QFW
Warsaw Pact, Eastern bloc
1QF-CA-A
Atlantic Canada (NB, PE, NS, NL)
1QF-CA-C
Central Canada (ON, QC)
1QF-CA-E
Eastern Canada (ON, QC, NB, PE, NS, NL)
1QF-CA-M
Canada Maritimes (NB, PE, NS)
1QF-CA-P
Canadian Prairies (AB, SK, MB)
1QF-CA-T
Canadian Territories (YT, NT, NU)
1QF-CA-W
Western Canada (BC, AB, SK, MB)
1QM
Climatic regions
1QMP
Polar regions
1QMT
Tropics
1QR
Groupings linked by seas
1QRM
Mediterranean countries
1QRP
Pacific Rim countries
1QS
1QSA
Oceans & seas
Atlantic Ocean
1QSAN
North Atlantic
1QSAS
South Atlantic
1QSB
Baltic Sea
1QSC
Caribbean Sea
1QSD
Gulf of Mexico
1QSE
Irish Sea
1QSF
North Sea
1QSG
English Channel
1QSJ
Caspian Sea
1QSK
Black Sea
1QSL
Red Sea
1QSM
Mediterranean Sea
1QSMA
Ligurian Sea
1QSMB
Tyrrhenian Sea
1QSMC
Adriatic Sea
1QSMD
Ionian Sea
1QSN
Indian Ocean
1QSP
Pacific Ocean
1QSPN
North Pacific
1QSPS
South Pacific
1QSR
Arctic Ocean
1QSS
Southern Ocean
1QST
Tasman Sea
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2
Language qualifiers
(Do not use “2” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 2* as appropriate)
2A
2AC
2ACB
Indo-European languages
Germanic & Scandinavian languages
English
2ACBA
Anglo-Saxon
2ACBC
Middle English
2ACBK
American English
2ACBM
Australian English
2ACBR
Canadian English
2ACC
2ACCU
Scots (Lallans, the Doric)
Ulster Scots (Ullans)
2ACD
Dutch
2ACF
Flemish
2ACG
German
2ACGH
Swiss German (Alemannic)
2ACGM
German, Middle High
2ACGP
German, Old High
2ACK
Afrikaans
2ACS
Scandinavian languages
2ACSC
Icelandic
2ACSD
Danish
2ACSF
Faroese
2ACSJ
Jutish
2ACSN
Norwegian
2ACSNB
Norwegian, bokmål
2ACSNK
Norwegian, nynorsk
2ACSW
Swedish
2ACSX
Old Norse
2ACY
Yiddish
2ACZ
Other Germanic languages & dialects
2ACZF
2AD
Frisian
Romance, Italic & Rhaeto-Romanic languages
2ADC
Catalan
2ADD
Valencian
2ADF
French
2ADFP
Provencal
2ADFQ
French – Canada
2ADH
Corsican
2ADL
Latin
2ADP
Portuguese
2ADPB
Brazilian Portuguese
2ADQ
Galician (Gallego, Galego)
2ADR
Romanian
2ADS
Spanish
2ADSL
Latin-American Spanish
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2ADT
2ADTX
Italian
Italian dialects
2ADV
Sardinian
2ADW
Ladin languages
2AF
Celtic languages
2AFB
Breton
2AFC
Cornish
2AFG
Gaulish
2AFM
Manx
2AFR
Irish Gaelic
2AFS
Scottish Gaelic
2AFW
Welsh
2AG
Slavic (Slavonic) languages
2AGB
Bulgarian
2AGC
Church Slavic
2AGK
Slovak
2AGL
Belarusian (Belorussian)
2AGM
Macedonian
2AGP
Polish
2AGR
Russian
2AGS
Serbo-Croatian
2AGSC
Croatian
2AGSS
Serbian
2AGU
Ukrainian
2AGV
Slovenian
2AGW
Wendish (Lusatian, Sorbian)
2AGZ
Czech
2AH
Hellenic languages
2AHA
Ancient (Classical) Greek
2AHB
Biblical Greek
2AHM
2AJ
2AJB
Modern Greek
Baltic & other Indo-European languages
Baltic languages
2AJBL
Lithuanian
2AJBV
Latvian (Lettish)
2AJK
Other Indo-European languages
2AJKL
Albanian
2AJKR
Armenian
2B
2BB
Indic, East Indo-European & Dravidian languages
Early Indic languages
2BBA
Sanskrit
2BBP
Pali
2BM
Modern Indic languages
2BMB
Bengali
2BMD
Marathi
2BMG
Gujarati
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2BMH
Hindi
2BMJ
Rajasthani
2BMK
Kashmiri
2BMN
Nepali
2BMP
Punjabi
2BMR
Romany
2BMS
Sinhalese
2BMSM
2BMU
2BR
Maldivian
Urdu
Dravidian languages
2BRB
Brahui
2BRK
Kannada (Kanarese)
2BRL
Telugu
2BRM
Malayalam
2BRT
2BX
Tamil
Indo-Iranian languages
2BXF
Persian (Farsi)
2BXK
Kurdish
2BXL
Pashto (Pushto, Afghan)
2BXZ
Zend Avestan
2C
Afro-Asiatic languages
2CS
Semitic languages
2CSA
Aramaic
2CSB
Assyro-Babylonian (Akkadian) languages
2CSJ
Hebrew
2CSM
Maltese
2CSR
Arabic
2CSS
Syriac
2CST
Ethiopic
2CSTA
2CSTT
2CX
Amharic
Tigrinya
Non-Semitic Afro-Asiatic languages
2CXB
Berber (Tuareg)
2CXC
Coptic
2CXG
Egyptian
2CXH
Hausa
2CXS
Somali
2CXSR
2F
2FC
Oromo
Ural-Altaic & Hyperborean languages
Finno-Ugric languages
2FCD
Estonian
2FCF
Finnish (Suomi)
2FCL
Sami (Lappish)
2FCLD
Southern Sami
2FCLF
Northern Sami
2FCLL
Lule Sami
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2FCLN
Inari Sami
2FCLS
Skolt Sami
2FCLX
Sami languages (other)
2FCM
2FM
Hungarian (Magyar)
Turkic languages
2FMC
Turkish
2FMH
Kirghiz
2FMK
Kazakh
2FMN
Turkmen
2FMU
Uzbek
2FMZ
Azerbaijani
2FV
Mongolian
2FW
Tungusic languages
2FWK
2FWM
2FX
2G
2GD
Evenki
Manchu
Hyperborean & Paleosiberian languages
East & Southeast Asian languages
Sino-Tibetan languages
2GDB
Burmese
2GDC
Chinese
2GDCC
Cantonese
2GDCK
Hokkien
2GDCM
Mandarin
2GDCW
Wu
2GDCY
Amoy
2GDK
Karen
2GDT
Tibetan
2GJ
Japanese
2GK
Korean
2GR
Other Southeast Asian languages, Austroasiatic languages
2GRH
Cambodian (Khmer)
2GRL
Lao
2GRM
Hmong (Miao)
2GRS
Thai (Siamese)
2GRV
Vietnamese
2H
2HC
2HCB
African languages
Niger-Congo languages
Bantu languages
2HCBA
Bantu proper (Narrow Bantu)
2HCBB
Central Bantu languages
2HCBBC
Chichewa (Chewa)
2HCBBF
Chilomwe (Lomwe)
2HCBBH
Chinyanja (Cinyanja, Nyanja)
2HCBBJ
Chitonga (Tonga)
2HCBBL
Chitumbuka (Tumbuka)
2HCBBN
Chiyao (Yao)
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2HCBBP
Icibemba (Bemba)
2HCBBQ
Kiikaonde (Kaonde)
2HCBBR
Kongo
2HCBBS
Lunda
2HCBBU
Luvale
2HCBD
kiSwahili (Swahili)
2HCBH
OtjiHerero (Herero)
2HCBK
Kikuyu
2HCBL
Nyoro-Ganda group
2HCBLG
Luganda (Ganda)
2HCBLR
Nyankore (Runyankore-Rukiga)
2HCBM
Fang (Yaunde-Fang)
2HCBN
Duala
2HCBP
Tshivenda & Venda group
2HCBQ
Shona
2HCBS
Sotho-Tswana group
2HCBSA
Sesotho (Sotho, Sesotho sa Leboa, Southern Sotho)
2HCBSB
Sepedi (Northern Sotho)
2HCBSD
Setswana (Tswana)
2HCBSF
Silozi
2HCBV
XiTsonga (Tsonga)
2HCBW
Siswati (Swazi)
2HCBX
isiXhosa (Xhosa)
2HCBY
isiNdebele (Ndebele)
2HCBZ
isiZulu (Zulu)
2HCW
West Atlantic & Volta Congo languages
2HCWF
Fulani (Fulah)
2HCWV
Volta-Congo languages
2HCWVB
Ibo (Igbo)
2HCWVD
Dagbani (Dagomba)
2HCWVE
Ewe
2HCWVG
Ga
2HCWVN
Fante
2HCWVS
Asante Twi
2HCWVT
Akwapim Twi
2HCWVY
Yoruba
2HK
Khoisan languages
2HN
Nilo-Saharan & Chari-Nile (Macrosudanic) languages
2HND
Dinka
2HNM
Masai
2HNR
Nubian
2HNT
Teso (Ateso)
2HX
2J
2JN
2JNA
Other African languages
American indigenous languages
North & Central American indigenous languages
Aleut
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2JNB
2JNBK
2JNC
Inuit
Inuktitut
Algonkian (Algonquin) languages
2JNCE
Cree
2JNCJ
Ojibway
2JND
Na-Dene & Athapascan (Athabascan) languages
2JNG
Iroquoian & Siouan languages
2JNM
Mayan
2JNN
Uto-Aztecan languages
2JNZ
Zuni
2JS
South American & Caribbean indigenous languages
2JSC
Carib (Cariban)
2JSG
Guarani
2JSQ
Quechuan
2P
Oceanic & Austronesian languages
2PB
Australian Aboriginal languages
2PC
Papuan languages
2PCS
2PG
Susuami
Austronesian & Malayo-Polynesian languages
2PGB
Formosan (Taiwanese)
2PGG
Malagasy
2PGJ
Tagalog (Filipino)
2PGN
Indonesian languages
2PGNA
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia)
2PGNC
Balinese
2PGND
Javanese
2PGNM
Malay (Bahasa Malaysia)
2PGP
Oceanic & Polynesian languages
2PGPA
Maori language
2PGPF
Fijian
2PGPG
Tongan
2PGPH
Tahitian
2PGPR
Rarotongan
2PGPS
Samoan
2PGPW
Hawaiian
2PGPX
Other Oceanic languages
2PGPXK
Mokilese
2PGPXM
Marshallese
2PGPXN
Ponapean
2PGPXP
Palauan
2PGPXT
Tokelauan
2Z
Other languages
2ZB
Basque
2ZC
Caucasian languages
2ZCG
2ZM
Georgian
Sumerian
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2ZP
2ZPT
2ZX
Pidgins & Creoles
Tok Pisin
Artificial languages
2ZXA
Afrihili
2ZXC
Occidental
2ZXP
Esperanto
2ZXT
Interlingua
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3
Time period qualifiers
(Do not use “3” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 3* as appropriate)
3B
Prehistory
(3B* codes may be used for different time periods depending on the geographical area)
3BD
Stone Age
3BDF
Stone Age: Paleolithic period
3BDK
Stone Age: Mesolithic period
3BDQ
Stone Age: Neolithic period
3BL
Bronze Age
(Class here: Chalcolithic (Copper age), Early, Middle & Late Bronze Ages)
3BR
Iron Age
(Class here: Early, Middle & Late Iron Ages)
3B-AA-E
3C
Egypt: Predynastic period
BCE period – Protohistory
3CD
c 4000 to c 3000 BCE
3CG
c 3000 to c 2000 BCE
3CJ
c 2000 to c 1000 BCE
3CT
c 1000 BCE to start of CE period
3CT-DE-A
Germany: the ancient / classical world (800 BCE – 500 CE)
3CT-ES-A
Spain: Ancient History
3CT-ES-B
Spain: Roman History (c 200 BCE – c 400 CE)
3CT-IT-A
Ancient Italy (c 1000 – c 500 BCE)
3C-AA-E
Ancient Egypt (c 2686 BCE – c 323 BCE)
3K
CE period up to c 1500
3KB
c 1 CE to c 500 CE
3KBF
1st century, c 1 to c 99
3KBK
2nd century, c 100 to c 199
3KBN
3rd century, c 200 to c 299
3KBW
4th century, c 300 to c 399
3KBY
5th century, c 400 to c 499
3KB-AA-E
Egypt: Classical Antiquity (c 332 BCE – c 630 CE)
3KB-GB-A
Roman Britain
3KH
c 500 CE to c 1000 CE
3KHF
6th century, c 500 to c 599
3KHK
7th century, c 600 to c 699
3KHN
8th century, c 700 to c 799
3KHW
9th century, c 800 to c 899
3KHY
10th century, c 900 to c 999
3KH-AA-E
Medieval Egypt (c 630 – c 1517)
3KH-ES-A
Spain: Germanic and visigothic invasions (c 400 – c 600)
3KH-GB-B
Anglo-Saxon England
3KH-IT-C
Italy: from Germanic Kingdoms to Franks (c 500 – c 1000)
3KH-SE-H
Sweden: the Viking Age (c 800 – c 1050)
3KL
c 1000 CE to c 1500
3KLF
11th century, c 1000 to c 1099
3KLK
12th century, c 1100 to c 1199
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3KLN
3KLN-GB-E
13th century, c 1200 to c 1299
English conquest of Wales
3KLW
14th century, c 1300 to c 1399
3KLY
15th century, c 1400 to c 1499
3KLY-GB-F
3KLY-IT-E
Wars of the Roses
Italy: Renaissance (c 1400 – c 1499)
3KL-GB-C
Norman Conquest & Norman Britain
3KL-GB-D
The Plantaganents & medieval England
3KL-IT-D
Italy: Communes, ‘Signorie’ (c 1000 – c 1400)
3KL-SE-J
Sweden: Middle Ages (c 1050 – c 1520)
3K-ES-A
Spain: Middle Ages (c 400 – c 1492)
3K-ES-B
Spain: Arab presence (711–1492)
3K-ES-C
Spain: ‘Reconquista’ (711–1492)
3K-IT-B
Italy: c 500 BCE – c 1500 CE
3M
3MD
3MDB
c 1500 onwards to present day
16th century, c 1500 to c 1599
Early 16th century c 1500 to c 1550
3MDBA
c 1500 to c 1509
3MDBF
c 1510 to c 1519
3MDBH
c 1520 to c 1529
3MDBJ
c 1530 to c 1539
3MDBL
c 1540 to c 1549
3MDQ
Later 16th century c 1550 to c 1599
3MDQM
c 1550 to c 1559
3MDQS
c 1560 to c 1569
3MDQV
c 1570 to c 1579
3MDQX
c 1580 to c 1589
3MDQZ
c 1590 to c 1599
3MD-GB-G
Tudor England
3MD-SE-L
Sweden: the Vasa era (c 1520 – c 1611)
3MG
3MGB
17th century, c 1600 to c 1699
Early 17th century c 1600 to c 1650
3MGBA
c 1600 to c 1609
3MGBF
c 1610 to c 1619
3MGBH
c 1620 to c 1629
3MGBJ
c 1630 to c 1639
3MGBL
c 1640 to c 1649
3MGB-GB-H
Jacobean & Early Stuart Britain
3MGQ
3MGQM
3MGQM-GB-J
3MGQS
3MGQS-GB-K
Later 17th century c 1650 to c 1699
c 1650 to c 1659
English Civil War & Interregnum
c 1660 to c 1669
The Restoration & Later Stuart Britain
3MGQV
c 1670 to c 1679
3MGQX
c 1680 to c 1689
3MGQX-GB-M
The Glorious Revolution
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3MGQZ
c 1690 to c 1699
3MG-IT-G
Italy: Spanish domination (1559–1714)
3MG-SE-N
The Swedish Empire (c 1611 – c 1718)
3MG-US-A
USA: Colonization and Settlement
3ML
3MLB
18th century, c 1700 to c 1799
Early 18th century c 1700 to c 1750
3MLBA
c 1700 to c 1709
3MLBF
c 1710 to c 1719
3MLBH
c 1720 to c 1729
3MLBJ
c 1730 to c 1739
3MLBL
c 1740 to c 1749
3MLQ
Later 18th century c 1750 to c 1799
3MLQM
c 1750 to c 1759
3MLQS
c 1760 to c 1769
3MLQV
c 1770 to c 1779
3MLQX
c 1780 to c 1789
3MLQZ
c 1790 to c 1799
3MLQZ-FR-A
The French Revolution
3MLQ-SE-R
Sweden: the Gustavian Era (c 1772 – c 1809)
3MLQ-US-B
American Revolution
3MLQ-US-C
USA: The New Nation
3ML-DE-B
Germany: the age of Absolutism & Enlightenment (1648–1779)
3ML-GB-P
Georgian & Regency Britain
3ML-IT-H
Italy: Austrian domination (1701–1796)
3ML-SE-Q
Sweden: the Age of Liberty (c 1718 – c 1772)
3MN
3MNB
19th century, c 1800 to c 1899
Early 19th century c 1800 to c 1850
3MNBA
c 1800 to c 1809
3MNBF
c 1810 to c 1819
3MNBH
c 1820 to c 1829
3MNBJ
c 1830 to c 1839
3MNBL
c 1840 to c 1849
3MNB-DE-C
Germany: the age of the European Revolutions (1780–1848)
3MNB-ES-A
Spain: Spanish War of Independence (1808–1813)
3MNB-GB-T
Britain: Industrial revolution
3MNB-IT-M
Italy: Napoleonic era, Restoration, Risorgimento uprisings (1796–1848)
3MNB-US-D
USA: Exploration and Expansion
3MNQ
Later 19th century c 1850 to c 1899
3MNQM
c 1850 to c 1859
3MNQS
c 1860 to c 1869
3MNQV
c 1870 to c 1879
3MNQX
c 1880 to c 1889
3MNQZ
c 1890 to c 1899
3MNQZ-DE-D
Germany: the age of Imperialism (1890–1914)
3MNQ-GB-V
Victorian Britain
3MNQ-IT-N
Italy: National Independence & Risorgimento (1850–1861)
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3MNQ-IT-P
Italy: National Unification & first decades of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1900)
3MNQ-US-E
American Civil War and Reconstruction (1861–1877)
3MNQ-US-F
USA: The Gilded Age (c 1877 – c 1893)
3MN-ES-A
3MP
3MPB
Spain: Contemporary history (1808–2000)
20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950
3MPBA
c 1900 to c 1909
3MPBF
c 1910 to c 1919
3MPBG
Inter-war period c 1919 to c 1939
3MPBGH
c 1920 to c 1929
3MPBGH-ES-A
Spain: Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923–1930)
3MPBGH-US-J
USA: The Jazz Age
3MPBGJ
c 1930 to c 1939
3MPBGJ-DE-H
Germany: National Socialist period (1933–1945)
3MPBGJ-ES-A
Spain: Second Republic (1931–1936)
3MPBGJ-ES-B
Spain: Civil war (1936–1939)
3MPBGJ-US-K
USA: The Great Depression
3MPBG-DE-G
Germany: Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
3MPBG-IT-S
Italy: post First World War period & Fascism (1918–1943)
3MPBL
c 1940 to c 1949
3MPBL-ES-A
Spain: Postwar period (1940–1949)
3MPBL-IT-T
Italy: Liberation from Fascism & Resistance (1943–1945)
3MPBL-IT-U
Italy: post Second World War period & Foundation of Italian Republic (1946–1968)
3MPB-IT-R
Italy: Giolittian period (1900–1914)
3MPB-US-H
USA: The Progressive Era (c 1890–1929)
3MPQ
3MPQM
3MPQM-US-N
3MPQS
Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999
c 1950 to c 1959
USA: Korean War
c 1960 to c 1969
3MPQS-DE-K
Germany: Protest of 1968
3MPQS-US-P
USA: Civil Rights Movement
3MPQS-US-Q
USA: Vietnam War
3MPQV
c 1970 to c 1979
3MPQV-DE-L
German Autumn, 1977
3MPQV-IT-W
Italy: protest movement & ‘Anni di Piombo’ (1969–1980)
3MPQX
c 1980 to c 1989
3MPQZ
c 1990 to c 1999
3MPQZ-IT-X
Italy: crisis of the Nineties & so-called Second Republic (1990–1999)
3MPQ-DE-J
Germany: the Cold War (1945–1990)
3MPQ-ES-A
Spain: Franco´s dictatorship (c 1940 – c 1975)
3MPQ-ES-B
Spain: Democratic transition (c 1975 – c 1982)
3MPQ-ES-C
Spain: Democracy (c 1982 – present)
3MPQ-IT-V
Italy: reconstruction, economic miracle, social & political transformations (1950–1968)
3MP-AA-E
3MR
3MRB
Modern Egypt (c 1882 to present)
21st century, c 2000 to c 2100
Early 21st century c 2000 to c 2050
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3MRBA
c 2000 to c 2009
3MRBF
c 2010 to c 2019
3MRBH
c 2020 to c 2029
3MRBJ
c 2030 to c 2039
3MRBL
c 2040 to c 2049
3M-AA-E
Early Modern Egypt (c 1517 – c 1914)
3M-ES-A
Spain: Modern history (1492–1808)
3M-ES-AB
Spain: ‘Siglo de oro’ (1492–1690)
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4
Educational purpose qualifiers
(Do not use “4” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 4* as appropriate)
4C
For all educational levels
4CA
For pre-school learning
4CD
For primary education
4CF
For middle / preparatory school education
4CL
For mandatory secondary education
4CN
For optional / advanced secondary education
4CP
For vocational / professional education
4CT
For higher / tertiary / university education
4CX
For adult education
4G
4GA
4GAJ
4GAS
For international curricula & examinations
For International Baccalaureate (IB) pre-diploma level programmes
For International Baccalaureate (IB) Early Years programme
For International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years programme
4GB
For International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma
4GC
For International Baccalaureate (IB) Career-related Certificate
4GH
For International GCSE (IGCSE)
4L
4LE
For language learning courses & examinations
ELT examinations & certificates
4LEC
International English Language Testing System (IELTS)
4LEF
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
4LEP
4LZ
4LZ-IT-H
ELT: English for specific purposes
For specific language learning & courses other than ELT
Certification of Italian language learning
4LZ-IT-HB
For Italian language learning: CELI Certificate
4LZ-IT-HD
For Italian language learning: CIC Certificate
4LZ-IT-HF
For Italian language learning: PLIDA Certificate
4LZ-IT-HH
For Italian language learning: CILS Certificate
4T
For specific educational purposes
4TC
Textbook, coursework
4TM
Revision & study guide
4TW
For specific learning difficulties
(Use for educational material designed for differentiated learning and people with specific
learning difficulties)
4TY
For home learning
4Z
For specific national educational curricula
4Z-AA-
For Arab world educational systems
4Z-AA-E
4Z-AA-EA
4Z-CA-
For Egyptian educational systems
For Al-Azhar Education System (Egypt)
For Canadian educational curricula
4Z-CA-A
For Elementary Education (Canada)
4Z-CA-C
For Secondary Education (Canada)
4Z-CA-F
For College, Pre-University Programs (Canada)
4Z-CA-H
For College, Technical Programs (Canada)
4Z-CA-J
For University, Bachelor’s Degree (Canada)
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4Z-CA-L
For University, Master’s Degree (Canada)
4Z-CA-M
For University, Doctorate (Canada)
4Z-DE4Z-DE-U
4Z-DE-UD
For German educational curricula
For German vocational or university education
For German further or higher education
4Z-DE-UDA
For German law qualifications (bachelors & other undergraduate)
4Z-DE-UDB
For German law qualifications (masters, postgraduate & doctoral)
4Z-DE-UDC
For German first state exam in licensed professions (Erste Staatsexamen)
4Z-DE-UDD
For German training placements in state-licensed professions (Referendariat / Stationen)
4Z-DE-UDE
For German second state exam for licensed professions (Erste Staatsexamen)
4Z-DE-UDF
For German lawyers, paralegals and legal secretaries (professional development &
reference)
4Z-DE-UDG
For German tax consulting (professional development & reference)
4Z-DE-UDH
For German curricula leading to certificatied legal specialisms
4Z-DE-UDI
For German tax advisors’ exams
4Z-DE-UDJ
For German civil law notaries’ exams
4Z-DE-UDK
For German auditors’ exams
4Z-FR-
For French educational curricula
4Z-GB-
For UK educational curricula
4Z-GB-A
4Z-GB-AC
For England & Wales educational curricula
For National Curriculum (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-ACA
For National Curriculum Early Years (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-ACF
For National Curriculum Key Stage 1 (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-ACJ
For National Curriculum Key Stage 2 (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-ACN
For National Curriculum Key Stage 3 (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-ACT
For National Curriculum Key Stage 4 & GCSE (England & Wales)
4Z-GB-AL
4Z-GB-S
Designed / suitable for A & AS Level (England & Wales)
For Scottish Curriculum
4Z-GB-SB
For Scottish Curriculum National 4
4Z-GB-SD
For Scottish Curriculum National 5
4Z-GB-SE
For Scottish Curriculum Intermediate 1
4Z-GB-SG
For Scottish Curriculum Intermediate 2
4Z-GB-SK
For Scottish Curriculum Higher
4Z-GB-SL
For Scottish Curriculum Advanced Higher
4Z-GB-V
For UK vocational courses
4Z-GB-VC
For NVQ / SVQ (National / Scottish Vocational Qualification)
4Z-GB-VN
For GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification)
4Z-GB-VS
For GSVQ (General Scottish Vocational Qualification)
4Z-GB-VT
For BTEC (Business And Technology Education Council)
4Z-IT4Z-IT-A
For Italian educational curricula
For Italian high school & teacher training education
4Z-IT-AC
For Italian high school: ‘Liceo classico’
4Z-IT-AD
For Italian high school: ‘Liceo scientifico’
4Z-IT-AG
For Italian high school: ‘Liceo linguistico’
4Z-IT-AH
For Italian high school: ‘Liceo classico europeo’
4Z-IT-AL
For Italian high school: ‘Scuola superiore ad indirizzo opzione internazionale’
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4Z-IT-AN
For Italian high school: ‘Scuola superiore ad indirizzo scienze sociali’
4Z-IT-AP
For other Italian high schools & educational curricula
4Z-IT-AR
For Italian teacher training: ‘Ex istituto magistrale’
4Z-IT-AS
For Italian teacher training: ‘Ex scuola magistrale’
4Z-IT-C
For artistic education (Italy)
4Z-IT-CB
For Italian high school: ‘Liceo artistico’
4Z-IT-CE
For Italian school of art / art college
4Z-IT-E
For professional education (Italy)
4Z-IT-EA
For Italian professional institute of agriculture & environment
4Z-IT-EC
For Italian professional institute of industry & handicraft
4Z-IT-EF
For Italian professional institute of commerce & tourism
4Z-IT-EH
For Italian professional institute of advertising
4Z-IT-EL
For Italian professional institute of hotel management
4Z-IT-EN
For Italian professional institute of social services
4Z-IT-EQ
For Italian professional institute of auxiliary health services
4Z-IT-ER
For Italian professional institute of maritime activities
4Z-IT-ES
For other Italian professional institutes
4Z-IT-G
For technical education (Italy)
4Z-IT-GB
For Italian technical institute of commerce (chartered accounting)
4Z-IT-GD
For Italian technical institute of business & foreign languages
4Z-IT-GF
For Italian technical institute of Industry
4Z-IT-GH
For Italian technical institute of agriculture
4Z-IT-GL
For Italian technical institute of surveying
4Z-IT-GM
For Italian technical institute of nautical studies
4Z-IT-GP
For Italian technical institute of aeronautics
4Z-IT-GT
For Italian technical institute of tourism
4Z-IT-GZ
For other Italian technical institutes
4Z-US-
For US educational curricula
4Z-US-A
For SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) (USA)
4Z-US-B
For ACT (American College Testing) (USA)
4Z-US-C
For GED (General Educational Development Tests) (USA)
4Z-US-D
For GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) (USA)
4Z-US-E
For GRE (Graduate Record Examination) (USA)
4Z-US-F
For LSAT (Law School Admission Test) (USA)
4Z-US-G
For MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) (USA)
4Z-US-H
For PSAT & NMSQT (National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) (USA)
4Z-US-I
For NTE (National Teacher Examinations) (USA)
4Z-US-J
For NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination) (USA)
4Z-US-L
For Legal Bar (USA)
4Z-US-M
For High School Entrance (USA)
4Z-US-N
For College Entrance (USA)
4Z-US-O
For Advance Placement (USA)
4Z-US-P
For Armed Forces (USA)
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5
Interest qualifiers
(Do not use “5” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 5* as appropriate)
5A
5AB
Interest age / level
For children c 0–36 months
5ABB
For babies from birth
5ABD
For babies from 3 months
5ABF
For babies from 6 months
5ABH
For infants from c 12 months
5ABK
Interest age: from c 24 months
5AC
Interest age: from c 3 years
5AD
Interest age: from c 4 years
5AF
Interest age: from c 5 years
5AG
Interest age: from c 6 years
5AH
Interest age: from c 7 years
5AJ
Interest age: from c 8 years
5AK
Interest age: from c 9 years
5AL
Interest age: from c 10 years
5AM
Interest age: from c 11 years
5AN
Interest age: from c 12 years
5AP
Interest age: from c 13 years
5AQ
Interest age: from c 14 years
5AR
For reluctant readers (children)
5AX
5H
5HC
For emergent readers (adult)
Holidays, events & seasonal interest
Holidays & celebrations
5HCA
New Year
5HCC
Chinese New Year
5HCE
Valentine’s Day
5HCG
Carnival
5HCJ
Mother’s Day
5HCL
Father’s Day
5HCN
Mid-Autumn festival
5HCP
Hallowe’en
5HCS
Thanksgiving
5HC-US-A
US Independence Day
5HK
Special events
5HKA
Birthdays
5HKB
Back to School
5HKC
Graduation
5HKF
Baptism
5HKM
First Communion, Holy Communion
5HKQ
Confirmation
5HKT
Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah
5HKU
Engagement / Wedding / Marriage
5HP
5HPD
Religious holidays
Christmas
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5HPF
Easter
5HPH
Diwali
5HPK
Ramadan
5HPU
Hanukkah
5HPV
Passover (Pesach)
5HPW
5HR
Rosh Hashanah
Seasonal interest
5HRA
Seasonal interest: Spring
5HRB
Seasonal interest: Summer
5HRC
Seasonal interest: Autumn, Fall
5HRD
Seasonal interest: Winter
5J
Intended for specific groups
(Use 5J* codes in exceptional circumstances for material that is exclusively intended to be read
by, but is not necessarily about, specific groups)
5JA
Intended specifically for women and/or girls
(Use 5JA in exceptional circumstances for material that is exclusively intended to be read by,
but is not necessarily about, women and/or girls)
5JB
Intended specifically for men and/or boys
(Use 5JB in exceptional circumstances for material that is exclusively intended to be read by,
but is not necessarily about, men and/or boys)
5P
5PB
Relating to specific groups & cultures
Relating to ethnic minorities & groups
(Use 5PB* codes for material that is of interest to, or has themes relating to, or is about the
specific ethnic group; use with JBSL* codes as well as with other subjects)
5PBR
Relating to Romani people & Travellers
(Use Geographical Qualifier to indicate specific location where applicable)
5PBS
Relating to Sami people
5PB-AU-A
Relating to Australian Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders
5PB-GB-A
Relating to British Asian people
5PB-GB-B
Relating to Black British people
5PB-NO-K
Relating to Kven people
5PB-NZ-A
Relating to Maori people
5PB-US-B
Relating to Amish / Mennonite people
5PB-US-C
Relating to African American people
5PB-US-D
Relating to Asian American people
5PB-US-E
Relating to Native American people
5PB-US-F
Relating to Creole people
5PB-US-G
Relating to Cajun people
5PB-US-H
Relating to Latin / Hispanic American people
5PG
Relating to religious groups
(Use 5PG* codes for material that is of interest to, or has themes relating to, or is about the
specific religious group; use with JBSR as well as other subjects; do not use for items purely
about the specific religion, ie classed with QR* codes only)
5PGD
Relating to Hindu people & groups
5PGF
Relating to Buddhist people & groups
5PGJ
Relating to Jewish people & groups
5PGM
Relating to Christian people & groups
5PGP
Relating to Islamic people & groups
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5PS
Relating to Gay & Lesbian people
(Use 5PS* codes for material that is of interest to, or has themes relating to, or is about Gays
and/or Lesbians; use with JBSJ as well as with other subjects)
5PSG
Relating to Gay men
5PSL
Relating to Lesbians
5X
Contains explicit material
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6
Style qualifiers
(Do not use “6” on individual books, but select qualifiers from section 6* as appropriate)
6A
Styles (A)
6AA
Abstractism
6AB
Abstract Expressionism
6AC
Art Deco
6AD
Art Nouveau
6AF
Arts & Crafts style
6AG
Academic style, Academism, Academicism
6AH
Aesthetic Movement
6AJ
Altermodernism
6AK
Analytic Cubism
6AL
Arbeitsrat für Kunst
6AM
Art Informel
6AN
Arte Povera
6AP
Assemblage
6AQ
Avant-garde
6B
Styles (B)
6BA
Baroque
6BB
Barbizon school
6BC
Bauhaus
6BD
Berliner Sezession
6BF
Biedermeier
6BG
Beat style
6BH
Bebop
6BJ
Der Blaue Reiter
6BK
Bloomsbury Group style
6BL
Bluegrass
6BM
Blues
6BN
Die Brücke
6BP
6C
Byzantine style
Styles (C)
6CA
Classical style
6CB
Cubism
6CC
Celtic style
6CD
Camden Town Group
6CF
Cloisonnism
6CG
CoBrA
6CH
Color Field painting
6CJ
Computer art
6CK
Conceptualism
6CL
Constructivism
6CM
Country & Western
6CN
Cubo-Futurism
6D
Styles (D)
6DA
Dada
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6DB
Divisionism
6DC
Düsseldorf School
6E
Styles (E)
6EA
Empire style
6EB
Easy listening
6EC
The Eight
6ED
Ancient Etruscan style
6EF
Expressionism
6EG
Ancient Egyptian style
6F
Styles (F)
6FA
Fauvism
6FB
Fado
6FC
Flamenco
6FD
Folk style
6FF
Futurism
6FG
Fantasy art
6G
Styles (G)
6GA
Gothic
6GB
Georgian style
6GC
Ancient Greek style
6H
Styles (H)
6HA
Heavy metal
6HB
Hague School
6HC
Heidelberg School
6J
Styles (IJ)
6JA
Impressionism
6JB
Iberian style
6JC
Indie
6JD
Jazz
6JF
Jack of Diamonds
6JG
Jugendstil
6K
Styles (K)
6L
Styles (L)
6LA
Lettrism
6M
Styles (M)
6MA
Mannerism
6MB
Medieval style
6MC
Modernism
6MD
Macchiaioli
6MF
Minimalism
6MG
Ancient Minoan style
6MH
Mir iskusstva
6MJ
Mozarabic style
6MK
Ancient Mycenaean style
6N
6NA
Styles (NO)
Naive style
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6NB
Naturalism
6NC
Op art
6ND
Outsider art, Art brut
6NF
Les Nabis
6NG
Nazarene
6NH
Neo-Classicism
6NJ
Neo-impressionism
6NK
New age
6NL
Norwich School
6NM
Orphism
6P
Styles (P)
6PA
Pop art
6PB
Pop music
6PC
Post-Impressionism
6PD
Postmodernism
6PF
Peredvizhniki
6PG
Pittura Metafisica
6PH
Pointillism
6PJ
Prehistoric styles
6PK
Prog Rock
6PL
Pre-Raphaelite
6PM
Psychedelic
6PN
Punk & New Wave
6PP
Purism
6Q
6QA
6R
Styles (Q)
Queen Anne style
Styles (R)
6RA
Romanticism
6RB
Romanesque
6RC
Renaissance style
6RD
Rococo
6RF
Rock
6RG
Rock & Roll
6RH
Rhythm & blues, R’n’B
6RJ
Rap & Hip Hop
6RK
Reggae & Ska
6RL
Rayonism
6RM
Realism
6RN
Relational style
6RP
Retro art
6RQ
Return to order
6RR
Ancient Roman style
6S
Styles (S)
6SA
Surrealism
6SB
Soul & Funk
6SC
Samba & Bossa Nova
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6SD
Schweizerischer Werkbund
6SF
Scuola Romana
6SG
Secession Groups
6SH
Section d’Or
6SJ
Shaker style
6SK
Situationist International
6SL
Soviet style
6SM
Spanish Eclecticism
6SN
De Stijl, Neoplasticism
6SP
Stuckism International
6SQ
Sturm und Drang
6SR
Suprematism
6SS
Swing
6ST
Symbolist style
6SU
Synthetic Cubism
6SV
Synthetism
6T
Styles (T)
6TA
Tango
6TB
Tachism
6TC
Tartessian style
6TE
Transavanguardia
6U
Styles (U)
6V
Styles (V)
6VA
Vienna Secession
6VB
Viking style
6VC
Visigoth style
6VD
Vorticism
6W
Styles (W)
6X
Styles (XYZ)
6XZ
Zydeco
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