.- Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement of Plant PROF. MATTEO BUSCONI COURSE AIMS To give the basic knowledge related to crop species evolution, plant breeding techniques and selection using classical and modern methods based on biotechnologies. Evaluation and maintenance of biodiversity and use of molecular assisted selection techniques in establishing varieties. COURSE CONTENT CFU Origin, domestication and evolution of the cultivated species. Plant genetic biodiversity. Origin, domestication and evolution of the cultivated species. Genetic erosion. Preservation of plant biodiversity. Exploitation of local varieties. Genetic Structure of populations. Systems, barriers and genetic control of reproduction Reproduction systems. Incompatibility. Malesterility. Apomixis. Genetic structure of populations: apomictic and vegetatively propagated species; autogamous species; allogamous species. Selection methods. Inheritance and heritability of quantitative traits Selection for qualitative and quantitative traits. Responses to selection. Inheritance of quantitative traits. Broad and narrow sense heritability. Plant breeding of autogamous and allogamous species Plant breeding of autogamous (biotic stress resistance) and allogamous species. Multiline varieties. Varietal constitution in allogamous species. Synthetic and hybrids varieties. Use of malesterility. In vitro cultures and Genetic biotechnologies Micropropagation. Plant calluses and cellular suspensions. Somaclonal variation. Somatic hybridization. Haploid plants. Molecular markers and genomic analysis Molecular markers definition and classification. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR based markers. 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 Genetic engineering Recombinant DNA technology. Cloning vectors. Gene Libraries. Sequencing. Transgenic plants. Stable and transient transformation. Molecular pharming. DNA fingerprinting, gene mapping and marker assisted selection Genetic variability analysis. DNA fingerprinting. Gene mapping. Positional cloning. Marker assisted selection (MAS). Linkage disequilibrium. Tutorials Setting up PCR reactions. DNA sequencing. Educational visits at research institutes. 1.5 1.0 2.0 READING LIST BARCACCIA G. E FALCINELLI M. GENETICA E GENOMICA. VOL 2 MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO, VOL 3 GENOMICA E BIOTECNOLOGIE GENETICHE. LIGUORI EDITORE, NAPOLI, 2012. TEACHING METHOD Lectures and laboratory work. ASSESSMENT METHOD Final oral exam. Prof. Matteo Busconi is available to meet with students every day at the Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops.