Name: _______________________________
UNIT TWO KEY TERMS (600 bce-1450 ce)
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1. _____ Carthage
25._____ Qur’an
2. _____ Byzantine
26._____ Tribute System
3. _____ Justinian
27._____ Zoroastrianism
4. _____ Republic
28._____ The Grand Canal
5. _____ Legalism
29._____ Alexander the Great
6. _____Brahmins
30._____ Mandate of Heaven
7. _____ Daoism
31._____ Wudi
8. _____ Vedas
32._____ Bedouins
9. _____ Siddhartha
33._____ Hinduism
10._____ Lao Zi
34._____ Xiongnu
11._____ Ashoka
35._____ Constantine
12._____ Dar al-Islam
36._____ Charlegmane
13._____ Ummayad
37._____ Tang
14._____ Pastoral nomads
38._____ Jizya
15._____ Ali
39._____ Octavian
16._____ Socrates
40._____ Shihuangdi
17._____ Hajj
41._____ Abbassids
18._____ Slavs
42._____ Hellenism
19._____ Hijra
43._____ Mecca
20._____ Caste System
44._____ Axum
21._____ Sui
45._____ Ka’baa
22._____ Caliph
46._____ Mahayana
23._____ Sunni
47._____ Persian Wars
24._____ Umma
48._____ Filial Piety
a. The divine source for political legitimacy of Chinese rulers; established by Zhou to justify overthrow of Shang. If
a dynasty “holds it” their rule is blessed and legitimized from Heaven.
b. Nomadic pastoral people that formed a confederation on China’s northern border, and interacted with the Han
dynasty as equals. Theories abound that they are the ancestors of future Mongol, Turkic, or Hun peoples.
c. The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han
period and completed during the Sui Empire.
d. India's social hierarchy. It was almost impossible to rise above the hierarchical level where you were born.
e. Version of Buddhism popular in China; emphasized Buddha's role as a savior.
f.
Refers to the land of Islam, or the territories in which Islam and its religious laws may be freely practiced
g. Arabian commercial center; the home of Muhammad and the future religious center of Islam
h. Confucianist principle that teaches that children should obey and honor their parents as well as other superiors
and political authorities.
i.
Followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads
j.
Sacred texts in the Hindu religion
k. Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad
l.
Lacks a unified system of beliefs and ideas, but represents a broad spectrum of beliefs and practices, and is very
flexible. Believes in reincarnation (rebirth), karma (determined how you were reincarnated), dharma, and
moksha.
m. Dynasty who reestablished unity in China after the era of Three Kings. Succeeded the Han, and grew from
strong rulers in northern China. Famous for building the Grand Canal.
n. The belief that all people except the emperor were morally corrupt, so all people had to be ruled very strictly,
and harsh punishments were needed to keep everyone in line.
o. Maurya emperor famous for conquering India by military force and then converting to Buddhism
p. Revered pre-Islamic shrine in Mecca; incorporated into Muslim worship; most holy place in Islam; Muslims
believed that Abraham built it
q. Roman emperor (321-337 C.E); established his capital at Constantinople; used Christianity to unify the empire.
r.
Later took name of Augustus; Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son; defeated conservative senators
after Caesar's assassination; became first Roman emperor.
s. Encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism).
t.
Most famous Byzantine emperor who simplified Roman laws with Justinian's Code, and built the Hagia Sophia.
His reign was a turning point for Christianity: paganism finally lost. He tried to restore territories to the Western
Roman Empire but ultimately failed.
u. Highest caste in the Hindu social hierarchy. Refers to priests.
v. The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622; beginning of the Muslim Era.
w. Considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty
to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia
x. Chinese philosophy that believes that the world is always changing you should deviate as little as possible from
the Dao, or 'path' of nature.
y. Son and successor of King Philip II; conquered Persian Empire and advanced to borders of India; attempted to
combine Greek and Persian culture
z. Emperor of the Carolingians. Famous military leader, improved life, established order, supported education and
culture. United all Christianity in the year 800CE was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
aa. Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats; most valuable
animals were horses, camels, and goats
bb. The successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community; religious king
cc. Community of the faithful within Islam
dd. The first person to unite China under a single heavy handed legalistic rule. Due to this harsh treatment of
Chinese people his dynasty (Qin) lost the Mandate of Heaven and passed it to the Han. Started the Great Wall
ee. Clan/tribe that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty (first Muslim dynasty)
ff. The traditional Chinese system for managing foreign relations. It established the rules and the means by which
foreign peoples entered and conducted their relations with China
gg. The word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam; "recitations of God"
hh. An empire in the Ethiopian highlands; received influences from the Arabian peninsula; converted to Christianity;
later part of Ethiopia
ii. Eastern half of the Roman Empire; survived until 1453; retained Mediterranean, especially Hellenistic culture.
jj. Persian monotheistic religion that saw material existence as a battle between the forces of good and evil
kk. Indo-European peoples who ultimately dominated much of eastern Europe; formed regional kingdoms by the
5th century C.E., and formed the cultural base for future Russian peoples
ll. The balanced political system of Rome from circa 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic senate, a panel of
magistrates, and popular assemblies
mm.
5th century B.C.E. wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states; Greek victories allowed
Greek civilization to define identity
nn. Pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars of Islam
oo. Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of Shi'a Islam
pp. Any of the many peoples from the steppes of Asia that herded animals; use of gunpowder ended them
qq. Most important Han Emperor. Expanded the Empire in all directions. Created the Civil Service System.
rr. A major empire in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic wars with Rome for Mediterranean dominance;
defeated and destroyed by the Romans.
ss. Culture derived from the Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 B.C.E.
tt. Athenian philosopher of late 5th century B.C.E.; usually seen as the father of western philosophy
uu. Tax paid by all non-Muslims in Islamic lands (Christians, Jews, etc.)
vv. Hindu prince whose pursuit of the source of suffering gave rise to the Buddhist religion