Ch. 12 Reading Q’s: Sustaining Biodiversity: Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
Miller: Living in the Environment
I. A biological Roller Coaster Ride in Lake Victoria
a. Describe the 4 factors that caused a loss of biodiversity in lake Victoria.
II. Aquatic Biodiversity
a. What do we Know about Aquatic Biodiversity?
i. List the 3 general patterns of marine biodiversity.
b. Values of Aquatic Biodiversity
i. List 3 services provided to us by aquatic systems.
III. Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity
a. Loss and Degradation of Aquatic Habitat: Our Large Aquatic Footprints
i. List 6 ways we are degrading aquatic habitats.
b. Invasive Species: Aliens in the Water
i. List 2 aquatic invasive species, explain how they arrived, and explain the damage they cause.
ii. What are some ways to eliminate the loosestrife? Do you think it’s a good idea to release another invasive
species to eliminate an invasive species?
c. Population Growth and Pollution
i. Explain how algal blooms and fish die-offs are caused by nitrogen runoff.
ii. List 3 ways pollution effects marine life.
d. Overfishing and Extinction: Gone Fishing, Fish Gone
i. How can modern industrial fishing affect fish populations faster than overfishing in more primitive ways?
ii. What is commercial extinction?
iii. What has happened to the bluefin tuna population in the world? Why?
iv. What is bycatch?
v. Why are fish threatened with extinction more than any other group?
e. Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods
i. Describe the following methods of fishing: trawler fishing, purse-seine fishing, longlining, and drift-net fishing.
f. Why is it difficult to protect Aquatic biodiversity?
i. List 4 ways it is hard to protect aquatic biodiversity.
IV. Protecting and sustaining Marine Biodiversity
a. Protecting Endangered and threatened Marine Species
i. List 6 treaties and laws that are enacted to protect endangered species.
ii. How did the US solve the problem of sea turtles captured unintentionally?
b. Case Study: The Florida Manatee and Water Hyacinths
i. What is the environmental role of the manatee?
ii. Why are the Manatee’s threatened?
c. Case Study: Commercial Whaling
i. Explain the difference between toothed whales and baleen whales and give 2 examples of each.
ii. How did the IWC try to regulate whaling?
iii. What happened in 1970 to the whaling industry? What happened to the whales after 1970?
iv. What countries are still hunting whales? Why?
d. Marine Sanctuaries
i. What are the high seas and why is it hard to enforce laws there?
ii. What is a marine protected area?
iii. What is a marine reserve?
iv. Describe the Northwestern Hawaiian Marine National Monument.
e. Integrated coastal Management
i. Describe integrated coastal management.
f. Revamping US Ocean Policy
i. List 7 recommendations to reform US ocean policies.
V. Managing and Sustaining Marine Fisheries
a. List 20 ways to manage fisheries
VI. Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands
a. Wetlands Protection in the US
i. How much of the US wetlands have been lost?
ii. What is mitigation banking?
iii. List 6 ways to protect wetlands.
b. Case Study: Florida Everglades
i. Describe the story of the everglades and how it will be restored.
VII. Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
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a. Managing Lakes
b. Case Study: Can the Great Lakes Survive Invasions by Alien Species?
i. Describe the effects of the sea lamprey, zebra mussel, and Asian carp on the great lakes.
c. Managing River Basins
i. List 5 ecological services of rivers
ii. What has happened to the pacific salmon on the Columbia River?
d. Managing and Sustaining Freshwater Fisheries
i. List 3 ways to manage freshwater fisheries.
e. Protecting Wild and Scenic Rivers in the US
i. What are wild rivers, scenic rivers, and recreational rivers?
ii. How many of the US rivers are free flowing?
Key Terms (Terms are listed in the same font style as they appear in the text.)
Asian carp (p. 266)
Asian swamp eel (p. 252)
baleen whales (p. 257)
bycatch (p.253)
cetaceans (p. 257)
comanagement (p. 262)
commercial extinction (p. 253)
exclusive economic zones (p. 259)
high seas (p. 259)
integrated coastal management (p. 260)
large marine systems (p. 262)
marine protected areas (p. 259)
marine reserves (p. 259)
maximum sustained yield (MSY) (p.261)
mitigation banking (p. 263)
multispecies management (p. 262)
optimum sustained yield (OSY) (p. 262)
precautionary principle (p. 262)
purple loosestrife (p. 252)
quagga mussel (p. 266)
reconciliation ecology (p. 256)
recreational rivers (p. 268)
research frontier (p. 250)
scenic rivers (p. 268)
sea lampreys (p. 266)
toothed whales (p. 257)
wild rivers (p. 268)
zebra mussel (p. 266)
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
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