Health Science 20 - Unit 2 Human Body Review – Long Answer Questions
Name:
1. Name a pathology we discussed in class. Briefly describe its cause, symptoms, treatment and what
body system it affects the most and why? (5)
Diabetes – Type 2!
Caused by overconsumption of sugar-rich foods. (Body has had high levels for so long, the pancreas
loses its ability to produce insulin).
Symptoms – inability to regulate insulin levels – can lead to dizziness.
Digestive – the body needs to be able to break down sugar to utilize it properly!
OR
Nervous – the body needs energy to operate and when the body doesn’t process this energy
appropriately its ability to perform and think are greatly hindered.
2. Comparing these two pictures, which likely has diseased tissue and which has healthy tissue? Why do
you think this? What does this likely mean has happened to the cells in this tissue (3)?
The healthy tissue is likely A because the picture-colour looks more consistent when comparing one cell
to another. In picture B there are different-sized cells and large white spaces in between the cells. The
cells likely have become damaged and may not be functioning properly.
3. What is the difference/similarities between bacteria and viruses in terms of treatment, transmission,
and their impact on the body? (3)
Treatment
Bacteria
Antibiotics. Kills the bacteria.
Transmission Can exist on any surfaces.
Are transmitted through contact (fluid or surface)
Impact
Infect a particular region of the body. Can lead to
fever or other illnesses.
Viruses
Vaccines or rest.
Body needs to develop
antibodies.
Need a host to survive. Are
transmitted through contact
(fluid or surface)
Infect the entire body (virus
spreads everywhere).
4. If you are an A+ blood type, who can donate to you, and who can you donate to? What will happen if
you received a donor who was not applicable (be specific)? (3)
An A+ person can donate to other A+ or AB+. An O- or + or A- or A+ can donate to me.
If you receive a donor who is not applicable it can lead to sickness and weakness since your body will not
be transporting nutrients and oxygen appropriately. Your body will try to fight the new blood cells.
5. How does the interrelationship between a person’s lifestyle and the immune system affect the body’s
response to pathogens. Provide an example of a positive lifestyle and its immune system affect and a
negative lifestyle and its immune system affect. (4)
Risky/unhealthy behaviours typically lower your immune system. Working our keeps your heart
pumping healthily and allows your body to transport nutrients throughout the body, this also includes
transporting white blood cells (immune cells) throughout the body more effectively. Smoking can
damage your body’s cells and as such cause certain cells to not function properly… leaving you more
susceptible to infection!
6. What are the odds of me being an O blood type if my father was an AO blood type and my mother
was a BO blood type? Am I most likely to be something? Why or why not? Show your work. (3)
Remembering that O blood types are recessive and A and B blood types are dominant.
Parents Gametes
A
O
B
AB
BO
O
AO
OO
I am not most likely to become any particular blood type as the odds of being an A, B, AB, or O are all
the same (25%).
7. Why do we need universal anatomical positions, body cavities, and body regions? Provide an example
of each and describe what it is (5)?
Universal anatomical positions, body cavities, and body regions allow all medical practioners to have a
consistent language when dealing with medicine. If there was an issue in a particular area, any doctor
who read the report would know it.
Facing forward. Arms at the side with palms facing forward. Feet facing forward as well.
Body cavities are spaces in our body that typically house organs – ie. Cranial Cavity is the space inside
our skull containing our brain.
Body regions include particulars locations in our body such as the femoral region – the thigh region.
8. We need all the organ systems to function properly, but justify the most important organ system in
the body. Consider its components and functions… do they have components maybe we don’t need?
Why are other organ systems less important? Argue against and for your organ system. (4)
Nervous System. The nervous system is comprised of all the body’s nerves with messages delivered
through the spinal cord to the brain. Since its function is to regulate the body’s activities, problems here
can affect the entire body and a change here can change the body’s ability to operate other functions
whether it is the digestive system or reproductive system. We need all components of the nervous
system in order to transmit the information our nerves collect safely.
One could argue that without the nutrients from the digestive system, the brain wouldn’t be able to
function appropriately anyway.