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Supplemental Materials
The “New Father”: Dynamic Stereotypes of Fathers
by S. M. Banchefsky and B. Park, 2015, Psychology of Men and Masculinity
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038945
Table S1
Roles/Behaviors Rated
Matern
Patern
al
al
a
Arrange for babysitter
Discipline childrenb
a
Arrange social activities of children
Fix things around the houseb
Clean the housea
Move the family for a new jobb
a
Comfort a child when s/he is upset
Mow the lawnb
Do the laundrya
Pay the monthly billsb
a
Family meal preparation
Provide household incomeb
Schedule doctor and dentist appointments for Stay in a job because it is secure, even if not
childrena
satisfyingb
Stay at home with sick childrena
Worry about financial well-being of familyb
Note. Analyses did not depend on participant gender.
a
Present day mothers were rated as significantly more likely to engage in the role than fathers, ps
< .001, βs > .17.
b
Present day fathers were seen as significantly more likely to engage in the role than mothers, p <
.001, βs > .07.
Table S2
Traits Rated
Maternal
Paternal
Artistica
Ambitiousb
a
Affectionate
Assertiveb
a
Considerate
Authoritativeb
a
Creative
Confidentb
a
Expressive
Decisiveb
a
Helpful
Disciplinarianb
a
Imaginative
Enterprisingb
a
Intuitive
Financial providerb
a
Kind
Independentb
a
Tasteful
Protective
Understandinga
Rationalb
a
Warm
Sternb
Note. “Protective” was initially included as a paternal trait. However, it was not significantly
more descriptive of fathers than mothers in the present day, and so was omitted from all
analyses. Analyses did not depend on participant gender.
a
Present day mothers were rated significantly higher on each of the maternal traits than fathers,
ps < .001, βs > .23.
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b
Present day fathers were rated significantly higher on each of the paternal traits than mothers, ps
< .001, βs > .08.
Table S3
Hypothesized Mediation: The Indirect Effect of Year (Linear) on Perceived Traits as Mediated
through Perceived Roles
Indirect
Proportion
Parent Role/trait type
95% CI
Sobel’s Z
effect
mediated
(−0.26,
Paternal
−0.18
0.51
−3.97*
−0.11)
Dad
Maternal
0.30
(0.16, 0.45)
0.71
4.44*
Paternal
0.23
(0.14, 0.34)
0.38
4.76*
Maternal
-0.15
(−0.25,
−0.07)
N/A
−3.67*
Mom
Note. Indirect effects are unstandardized. The proportion mediated is the indirect effect/total
effect of X  Y. The proportion mediated for mothers and maternal roles is N/A because the
total effect is too small (Shrout & Bolger, 2002). CI = confidence interval.
*p < .001.
Table S4
Reverse Mediation: The Indirect Effect of Year (Linear) on Perceived Roles as Mediated
Through Perceived Traits
Indirect
Proportion
Parent Role/trait type
95% CI
Sobel’s Z
effect
mediated
(−2.64,
Paternal
−1.74
0.20
−3.48*
−1.02)
Dad
Maternal
2.15
(1.10, 3.68)
0.16
3.60*
Paternal
3.27
(1.93, 4.90)
0.16
4.69*
Maternal
−0.09
(−0.29, 0.77)
N/A
−0.29
Mom
Note. Indirect effects are unstandardized. The proportion mediated is the indirect effect/total
effect of X  Y. The proportion mediated for mothers and maternal roles is N/A because the
total effect is too small (Shrout & Bolger, 2002). CI = confidence interval.
*p < .001.
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Figure S1. Perceived maternal and paternal roles in fathers and mothers over time.
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Figure S2. Perceived maternal and paternal traits in fathers and mothers over time.
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References
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental
studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422.