DNA & Protein Synthesis Review
NAME: ___________________________
DATE: ____________
Match the scientist(s) with their contribution.
A) Erwin Chargaff
B) Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
C) Watson & Crick
D) Hershey & Chase
____ 1. Conducted an experiment that determined that DNA is the genetic material passed on to offspring
____ 2. Discovered the base pairing rules and the ratios of base pairs in different species
____ 3. Considered to be the Fathers of DNA
____ 4. Took the first picture of DNA using the process of X-ray crystallization
5. What is an example of a molecule produced by this type of process? ______________
6. Number 1 in the diagram above is a representation of a/an ____________
7. Number 2 in the diagram above is a representation of a/an ____________
8. Number 4 in the diagram above is a representation of a/an ____________
10. Which type(s) of RNA take(s) the DNA code to the ribosome? _________
11. Is it necessary for a molecule of mRNA to attach to a ribosome for protein production?_______________
13. The parts of DNA that provide the code for proteins are the _______________________.
14. A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with _________________ and a
________________ _______.
15. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?_______________ & ___________
16. A change in the genetic code is called a _______________.
17. When mRNA is made, thymine is replaced with what base? __________
19. Two researchers, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, used X-ray crystallography to make pictures of
DNA such as the one below. The picture shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA. This type of image helps
show that DNA’s shape is a ____________ ________.
20. Which type(s) of RNA make(s) up the ribosomes? _________
22. Which type of mutation does the most damage to an organism? _________________
23. The “code word” or codon for an amino acid is made of how many bases? _________
25. Amino acid molecules, bound together into chains, form: _____________
26. The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called ________________.
27. DNA does NOT contain the nitrogen base ___________.
28. When transcription has been completed, what new molecule has been made? _________
29. The DNA of all living things contains the same four nitrogen bases. True or False? ______________
30. Put the following molecules in the correct sequence to describe the production of a protein in a cell.
tRNA, mRNA, protein, DNA
_______________  _______________  _______________  _______________
31. The process by which proteins are built is called: ________________
32. Amino acids are carried to ribosomes after they are attached to: ___________
33. Anticodons are a part of molecules of: _________
34. Mustard gas removes guanine from DNA. This can cause serious multiple deformities because guanine
is one of the ________________ __________ of DNA.
35. Match the nitrogenous bases as found in DNA.
____________ goes with _____________
____________ goes with _____________
36. Match the nitrogenous bases as found in RNA.
____________ goes with _____________
____________ goes with _____________
37. What is a frameshift mutation?
38. What is a point mutation? What are the 3 types of point mutations?
39. What are the 4 types of chromosomal mutations?
40. Replicate the complementary DNA strand for the following sequences:
TATACCGATGCA
CCGAATGGC
CGCGAATTCGCA
_______________
____________
________________
41. Transcribe the mRNA strand for the following sequences of DNA:
TATACCGATGCA
CCGAATGGC
CGCGAATTCGCA
_______________
____________
________________
42. Translate the mRNA into tRNA for the following sequences:
AUAUGGCUACGU
GGCUUACCG
GCGCUUAAGCGU
_______________
____________
________________
43.
GCATCCGAT
____________
GCATCCGAT
____________
CGUAGGCUA
____________
Which amino acid goes with each codon?
UAU = _______
UUG = _______
CCG = _______
AAA = _______
CGC = _______
UUU = _______
ACC = _______
GGG = _______
AAU = _______
CCC = _______
GAA = _______
CAA = _______
CAU = _______
UAG = _______
GGC = _______
GAG = _______
GCA = _______
ACG = _______
44. In your own words, explain the process of DNA replication.
45. Explain transcription.
46. Explain translation.