WHAP Study Guide:
Essential Question:
Chapters 1-3
CHAPTER 1: From the Origins of Agricultural to the First River-Valley Civilizations
Questions to Consider:
1. What cultural achievements characterized life in the Neolithic period?
2. Why is the Agricultural Revolution considered to be the turning point for human society?
3. How did Mesopotamian civilization emerge, and what technologies promoted its advancement?
4. What role did the environment and religion play in the evolution of Egyptian civilization?
5. What does the material evidence tell us about the nature of the Indus Valley Civilization, and what
is the most likely reason for its collapse?
Identifications: be able to fill out PERSIAN chart for each civilization!
Epic of Gilgamesh
City-State
Civilization
Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
8 Traits of Civilization
Babylon
Culture
Hammurabi
History
Scribe
Stone Age
Ziggurat
Homo erectus
Amulet
Homo sapien
Cuneiform
Out of Africa theory
Bronze
Paleolithic
Nile River
Neolithic
Pharaoh
Foragers
Ma’at
Chronology of early civilizations
Pyramid
Agricultural Revolution
Hieroglyphics
Animal and Plant domestication
Memphis (in relation to Egypt)
Pastoralism
Papyrus
Megalith
Thebes
Jericho, Catal Hukuk
Mummy/Mummification
Mesopotamia
Indus Valley Civilization
Irrigation
Harrapa
Sumerian
Mohenjo-Daro
Semitic
CHAPTER 2: New Civilizations in the Eastern/Western Hemispheres (2200-250 BCE)
Questions to Consider:
1. How did early Chinese rulers use religion to justify and strengthen their power?
2. How did the technological and cultural influences of Egypt affect the formation of Nubia?
3. What were the causes behind the spread of the Celtic peoples across much of continent Europe,
and the later retreat of Celtic cultures to the western edge of the continent?
4. What role did the interactions between humans and the environment play in the development of
early civilizations in the Americas?
Identifications: be able to fill out PERSIAN chart for each civilization!
Shang Period
Qin Dynasty
Oracle Bones
Nubia
Zhou Period
Kush
The Warring States Period
Meroe
The Mandate of Heaven
Celtic Europe
Confucius
Druids
Daoism
Olmec
Legalism
Chavin
Analects of Confucius teachings
Mesoamerica
Yin/yang
CHAPTER 3: The Mediterranean and Middle East
Questions to Consider:
1. How did a cosmopolitan civilization develop in the Middle East during the Late Bronze Age, and
what forms did it take?
2. What civilizations emerged in the Aegean world, and what relationship did they have to the older
civilizations to the east?
3. How did the Aegean Empire rise to power and eventually dominate most of the ancient Middle
East?
4. How did the civilization of Israel develop, following both cultural patterns typical of other societies
and its own religious tradition?
5. How did the Phoenicians use trade and commerce to gain an important place in the
Mediterranean world?
6. Between 750-550 BCE, how did the changing political structures transform the ancient Middle
East?
Identifications: be able to fill out a PERSIAN chart for each civilization!
Late Bronze Age
Iron Age
Hittites
New Kingdom Egypt
Hatsheput
Akhenaten
Ramesses II
Minoan
Crete
Mycenaean Greece
Shaft Graves
Linear B
Homer, Iliad
Philistines
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Assyrians
Mass deportation
Library of Ashurbanipal
Israel
Hebrew Bible
Egypt and Exodus
Canaan
Ark of the Covenant
David and Solomon
First Temple
Monotheism
Diaspora
Phoenicians
Aramaean
Ascendancy of Tyre
Carthage
Fall of Assyria
Neo-Babylonian Kingdom