The three layers of space and time Theories to breaking the light barrier: This is a theory that I have been developing for some time, and could help in breaking not only the light barrier, but understanding the fundamental logic that our universe is built on. Using the foundational Theory of Relativity, and by applying that theory to almost all aspects of the universe, one finds that in fact, everything is relative, and can be treated as such, including the speed that one is moving, which may be crucial in moving an object past the speed of light. The main point of this paper is to explain what the Three Layer theory, as proposed by Seth Jenkins, entails and the profound implications of it. To explain the three layers of the space-time continuum, one must have an understanding of matter, in which matter has mass greater than zero. For example, the average mass of a male human being is about +80 kilograms. Every piece of matter in the universe we explain in terms of how much mass it has, always as a positive number. Yet, reasoning holds that just because all tangible matter that we can think of has positive mass does not mean that it has to. I see no fundamental law of the universe governing that mass cannot be… Negative. What are the implications of that? Let’s start with layer one, the layer we know best which is the positive layer. In this layer, mass is positive, energy is positive, and gravity thus, is positive. If you put these pieces of mass on a scale, the scale would read a nice positive number back to you. In this layer, positive mass causes space to sink or dimple, as a bowling ball would do in the middle of a trampoline. (for purposes later on, you could say that the difference between flat space and the space where the bowling bowl is encroaching is 45 degrees) When an object moves close to the bowling ball, it falls into the center of gravity (in this case, the bowling ball). The heavier the object, the greater the dimple. Another important fact to note is that not only are the x, y, and z dimensions bent, but so is the “t” dimension, or time itself. As one enters this field, time is slowed down. At the event horizon of a black hole, gravity becomes infinite (t the difference between flat space and the space where the event horizon is, is 90 degrees), light itself cannot escape, and time stops. What about the fabled white hole, which spits everything back out? Well, that’s an example of negative gravity… So far, we have considered mass as fundamentally positive. Now, let’s imagine mass as being possibly negative. Let’s imagine a bowling ball on a trampoline with negative mass. Instead of causing space to dimple inward, it causes space to dimple outward; a crater (positive mass), as compared to a mountain (negative mass). If a positive object got close to this theoretical negative bowling ball, it would fall away from the bowling ball. If the negative bowling ball were to become a white hole (as compared to a black hole), light could never touch it, gravity becomes infinite (just negative this time, and at the white hole’s equivalent of an even horizon) and time…time goes infinitely fast? It’s also possible that time stops there too. All the laws of physics still work. The equation for gravity still works (if there were two negative objects, they would generate positive gravity in between them and move towards each other), and the universe does not generate a BSOD and a stack trace. So far, so good. Carry on… Wait, wait, slow down. How can you prove that negative mass even exists? Well…the theory of relativity could help here. What if mass itself is relative? That is, you can only see how heavy an object is based off of another object? What if empty space isn’t actually empty and is instead filled with negative matter? What if negative matter was actually dark matter?? If there were a huge mass of negative/dark matter in the center of the universe, its gravity would explain why everything is everything is generally accelerating away from it, which we know to be true. The final layer of time and space is the neutral layer. In this layer, matter is neutral; it has no mass, therefore no gravity is created. It can still have and carry energy though. An example of a piece of neutral matter would be the graviton (maybe) or neutrino. The neutral layer, the layer I am calling otherspace, has no gravity at all! Because of this, time does not exist. If you have an infinite amount of positive gravity (like at the event horizon in a black hole) time stops. If you have an infinite amount of negative gravity (a wormhole for example) time moves infinitely fast.(or possibly, stops as well) In the middle is where you have no gravity at all. At this point, time is moving at zero. It just doesn't exist at all. Time, therefore, space to a point, is neutral in otherspace. A big fat 0. This is why gravitons and neutrinos move at the speed of light. While they are in otherspace, there is no time to slow them down! Only neutral matter will naturally exist inside this layer. But, if it were possible to shove something into otherspace… Why is gravity such a weak force? It is a shared force and therefore split in half between the negative and positive layers. The neutral layer gets no gravity share due to the fact that gravity does not exist there. Otherspace is by definition an area with no gravity. If, by using negative matter/dark matter or possibly by making the gravitational constant zero (which I consider to be the most promising), you were able to create a zone that had no gravity at all, space and time would get a hole in it, leaving only otherspace. If you get rid of the positive and the negative layer by nulling gravity, you have punched a hole in time and space and are left in otherspace, a place where travel is VERY fast! If you are in your spaceship and you activate your null gravity generators, at first, if you were perfectly stopped, everything would appear quite normal. If you were however to move forward, a hole would appear in time and space to the point C2 of how fast you are moving. For example, if you traveled 1 mile per second, a hole in space would open in front of you that would take you 1862622x1 miles if you traveled this “wormhole” for a single second. At these speeds, your starship would have to go less than half an inch per second to reach the moon instantaneously. You would jump into otherspace then back out again immediately, reaching your destination. Again, as a note, breaking the speed of light barrier is not necessarily a sound concept yet, and while this may work, it also may not, as the properties of otherspace remain undetermined. On the other hand, it could be very interesting to find out.