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Biology Semester 1- Multiple Choice Study Guide
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic
Acids
Monomer
Characteristics
Uses/functions
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
An Enzyme is what type of macromolecule?
What is a chemical reaction? What is the activation energy?
What does an enzyme do to the activation energy?
An ______________ binds to the active site of the _______________ .
Enzymes are so specific to an enzyme that enzymes are similar to the _____ and _____ model.
What does it mean if a protein or an enzyme is denatured?
7. What could cause an enzyme to denature?
8. What is a catalyst?
9. Graph #1 shows the enzyme
activity for an enzyme in two different
species, X and Y. At about what temp
does the enzyme work best for X?_____
for Y?____ At what temp do they work
about the same? _____
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10. Graph #2 shows two different reactions A and B on the same graph. Which reaction (A or B) do
you think is one where an enzyme was added? Justify your answer.
Scientific Method
Order of Steps
Name of Step
Example
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
TOPIC: Cells
1. What are the two categories of Cells?
2. Put a check mark in the all that apply.
CELL TYPE
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Virus
Nucleus
Organelles
surrounded by
Membranes
DNA
Cell Wall
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2. What type of cells are plant and animal cells considered?
4.Fill in all that apply (some can be used in both Plant and Animal Cells)
Cell Wall, Plasma
Membrane (Cell
Membrane)
Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Nucleus,
Ribosomes, Vacuole, Cytoplasm,
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
Apparatus
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
5. Why is a virus not considered a cell?
6. What do Chloroplasts and Mitochondria both do and where are they each found (plant
cells/animal cells/both) ?
7. What is Osmosis and in what direction does water flow through a cell membrane?
8. What is the difference between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum?
9. Describe the structure and function of a cell membrane (plasma membrane) .
10. Describe the structure and function of a cell wall.
Topic: Photosynthesis
11. Photosynthesis only takes place in what type of cells?
12. What are the products and reactants in photosynthesis?
13. What organelle does Photosynthesis take place in and what is produced?
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Topic: Cellular Respiration
14. What are the products and reactants of Cellular Respiration?
15. What organelle does Cellular Respiration take place in and what is produced?
DNA and Protein Syntheisis
1. After transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA) leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the
cytoplasm. After the mRNA is on the ribosome, what occurs?
2. During the process of transcription, DNA is used as a template to make what molecule?
3. In living organisms, proteins have many different structural and functional roles. What is a major
similarity between all proteins?
4. Genetic mutations are harmful or beneficial changes that occur in what part of the genetic material?
5. If a genetic mutation changes the nucleotide sequence in the DNA but the amino acid sequence of the
protein is unaffected, what type of mutation is that? Why?
6. A mutation in a gene causes a CCU codon in mRNA to be changed to a CCG codon. What type of
mutation is that?
7. A mutation that occurs when one nucleotide base is added into the DNA sequence usually causes a
major change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. These mutations are BEST described as what type
of mutation?
8. 5' ATCGATAATTGCAGTGGATGC 3' How many amino acids are coded within the above DNA
strand?
9. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
10. Determine the amino acid sequence for the following DNA sequence.
5' TACGACTCATTAACTACG 3'
11. Determine the DNA sequence that provided the complementary template for the following mRNA
sequence.
5' AGUCCGGUUGCAUUU 3'
12. Using the genetic code chart, when synthesizing a given protein the first codon in the mRNA
sequence will
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be __________ and the last codon in the mRNA sequence can be __________.
13. Using the chart, determine the protein for the following mRNA base sequence:
AUGGUGCUUCGGCCUUCU
14. Each mRNA __________ contains 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid,
15. When the gene being expressed has been copied into mRNA, the next step in gene expression is what
process?
16. Once transcription occurs and a single strand of RNA is made from the original DNA strand, it breaks
off and leaves the nucleus. As it enters the cytoplasm it bonds to what form of RNA?
17. The mRNA strand, AUGGCAUACAAGUUC, will correspond to a chain of __________ amino
acids.
18. If the mRNA codon reads GCA, what will the tRNA anticodon read?
19. During translation, the anticodons of the __________ bond to the codons of the __________,
allowing an amino acid chain to be formed.
20. Draw and label the 3 parts of a nucleotide.