ESM Fig. 1 Map of Guam indicating study sites where stereo-video surveys of parrotfishes were
conducted (black circles). White plus symbols indicate sites within marine reserves. Dark grey
represents land, light grey represents reef flat or shallow lagoon, intermediate grey represents
outer reef slopes.
1
ESM Fig. 2 Principal components analysis of life-history traits of twelve parrotfish species. The
first principal component explains 80% of the variation among species and therefore summarizes
the life history spectrum across species. L50 = length at 50% female maturity; X50 = length at
50% sex change; Lmax = mean length of largest quarter of sampled population (mean maximum
length); L1-3 = growth in millimeters from age 1 to 3 years (growth rate proxy); t50 = age at 50%
female maturity; Tmax = mean age of oldest quarter of sampled population (mean maximum age).
Species positions are denoted by genus and species initials (Calotomus carolinus = Cc,
Cetoscarus bicolor = Cb, Chlorurus frontalis = Cf, Chlorurus microrhinos = Cm, Chlorurus
spilurus = Cs, Hipposcarus longiceps = Hl, Scarus altipinnis = Sa, Scarus forsteni = Sf, Scarus
ghobban = Sg, Scarus psittacus = Sp, Scarus rubroviolaceus = Sr, Scarus schlegeli = Ss).
2
ESM Fig. 3 Plots of linear regressions performed on phylogenetically independent contrasts of
the responses to exploitation (incidence of negative response [a-f] and magnitude of response [gl]) and life-history traits across twelve parrotfish species. (a,g) length at maturity, (b,h) length at
sex change, (c,i) mean maximum length, (d,j) growth rate proxy, (e,k) age at maturity, (f,l) mean
maximum age.
3
ESM Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficients among species biomass distributions across seventeen sites on Guam.
Calotomus carolinus
Cetoscarus bicolor
Chlorurus frontalis
Chlorurus microrhinos
Chlorurus spilurus
Hipposcarus longiceps
Scarus altipinnis
Cc
Cb
Cf
Cm
Cs
Hl
Sa
Sf
Sg
Sp
Sr
Ss
-
-0.22
0.37
0.09
-0.40
0.01
-0.28
-0.10
0.20
-0.47
0.31
-0.27
-
0.11
-0.03
0.12
0.35
0.31
0.31
-0.17
0.42
-0.02
0.25
-
0.14
-0.20
0.64
-0.03
0.21
-0.02
-0.20
0.75
-0.33
-
-0.01
0.21
-0.04
-0.11
0.79
-0.01
0.27
0.03
-
-0.10
0.39
0.22
-0.08
0.40
-0.31
0.64
-
0.32
0.04
0.10
-0.18
0.54
0.07
-
-0.02
-0.06
0.24
0.21
0.62
-
-0.13
0.64
-0.03
0.08
-
-0.04
0.13
0.14
-
-0.13
0.29
-
-0.21
Scarus forsteni
Scarus ghobban
Scarus psittacus
Scarus rubroviolaceus
Scarus schlegeli
-
4
ESM Table 2. Structure of optimal linear models describing patterns of biomass (natural log-transformed) across sites for each of twelve
parrotfish species on Guam. Partial coefficients and significance values for the factor fishing pressure are presented for each species.
Values in grey indicate they were derived by fitting a linear model to the residuals of the optimal model, given fishing pressure was not
included in the optimal model. coral.rugosity represents the first principal component summarizing variation between highly collinear
factors coral cover and rugosity.
species
Calotomus carolinus
Cetoscarus bicolor
Chlorurus frontalis
Chlorurus microrhinos
Chlorurus spilurus
Hipposcarus longiceps
Scarus altipinnis
Scarus forsteni
Scarus ghobban
Scarus psittacus
Scarus rubroviolaceus
Scarus schlegeli
optimal model structure
exposure
reef flat + fishing pressure
dist_pass + exposure
lagoon + fishing pressure
coral.rugosity
fishing pressure + fringe
exposure * fishing pressure
coral.rugosity + fringe
coral.rugosity + slope
exposure + coral.rugosity
fishing pressure + exposure
fringe + dist_pass
5
r2
p-value
0.05
0.55
0.53
0.39
0.32
0.43
0.46
0.45
0.34
0.34
0.61
0.71
0.383
0.004
0.005
0.031
0.018
0.019
0.040
0.014
0.057
0.052
0.001
<0.001
fishing pressure
coefficient p-value
-0.070
0.845
-3.612
0.014
-0.056
0.964
-2.904
0.039
0.159
0.428
-4.164
0.010
-5.471
0.030
0.609
0.567
0.223
0.780
-0.084
0.672
-4.054
0.011
0.059
0.875
ESM Table 3. Results of linear regression models for mean harvested length from 1990 to 2009
for each of twelve parrotfish species on Guam. The fourth column represents the percentage
change in fork length (FL).
intercept
10.134
coefficient
-2.33E-03
±%
∆FL
-4
residual
df
105
p-value
0.587
r2
0.003
Cetoscarus bicolor
52.353
-2.32E-02
-32
61
6.76E-04
0.174
Chlorurus frontalis
17.629
-6.00E-03
-4
290
0.107
0.009
Chlorurus microrhinos
27.511
-1.09E-02
-17
428
5.06E-05
0.038
Chlorurus spilurus
13.165
-3.88E-03
-6
993
0.002
0.009
Hipposcarus longiceps
Scarus altipinnis
Scarus forsteni
Scarus ghobban
Scarus psittacus
Scarus rubroviolaceus
Scarus schlegeli
40.494
30.350
17.689
-0.982
20.315
43.710
24.770
-1.73E-02
-1.23E-02
-6.02E-03
3.28E-03
-7.47E-03
-1.89E-02
-9.65E-03
-28
-19
-9
+1
-12
-25
-16
605
456
181
151
541
209
889
1.55E-10
1.11E-06
0.040
0.545
4.74E-05
8.99E-07
3.93E-06
0.066
0.051
0.023
0.002
0.030
0.109
0.024
a) species
Calotomus carolinus
6