Earth Systems 3209
Chapter 15 - Review Sheet
Key Terms
Crustal deformation
Compressional stress
Elastic deformation
Faulting
Folding
force
tensional stress
brittle deformation
dip-slip fault
anticline fold
stress
shear stress
ductile deformation
strike slip (transform) fault
syncline fold
Key Topics
p. 415 – 416: Understand the difference between force, stress, and strain. Explain how each of the three
types of stress (compressional, tensional, and shear) can cause crustal deformation but in different
ways.
p. 416 – 418: Describe the differences between the three types of deformation (elastic, brittle, and
ductile) and know the conditions that cause each to occur.
p. 416 – 419: Understand how each of the following factors affects deformation:
a. temperature
b. confining pressure
c. rock type
d. time
p. 425 – 432: Explain why faults occur and describe the differences between dip-slip faults and strike-slip
faults. Know that there are several types for each and be able to explain the differences between them.
A. Dip-slip
1. normal (tensional)
2. horst and graben (tensional)
3. reverse (compressional)
4. thrust (compressional)
B. Strike-slip (transform
1. left-lateral (shear)
2. right-lateral (shear)
p. 421 – 425: Understand that folding of rock is caused by slow, continual, compressional forces, usually
at great depth. Describe the differences between the two most common types of folds:
a. anticline folds
b. syncline folds