Falmouth University – Carbon Management
Programme
Annual Carbon Report for the 2012-13
Academic Year
Summary
The Falmouth University and University of Exeter Carbon Management Plan (CMP)
provides a revised and updated strategic direction to ensure a continued progress in
reducing carbon emissions per square metre of gross internal floor area (GIA per m 2) at
Scope 1 and 2 Carbon emissions for Falmouth University apply to the total of its
Falmouth Campus (Woodlane and Wellington Annex), and for its share of the joint
Falmouth University and University of Exeter Penryn Campus. The Falmouth University
academic share of the Penryn Campus is calculated pro-rata based on Falmouth’s
proportion of the total GIA (gross internal area). The residential carbon footprint is
determined by the percentage of the total number of students living at Glasney Village
enrolled at Falmouth University.
Falmouth University Carbon Footprint Scope 1 and 2 (includes fleet vehicles)
2005/06
2010/11
2011/12
Penryn Campus (GIA)
18663
40784
Penryn Campus tCO2e
1743.0
3293.7
Penryn Campus kg CO2e per
m2
93.39
80.76
Falmouth Campus (GIA)
11908
11908
Falmouth Campus tCO2e
783.6
550.8
Falmouth Campus kg CO2e per
m2
65.81
46.25
Fleet Vehicles tCO2e
28.2
18.7
Total Absolute Emissions
tCO2e
2554.8
3863.2
Total kg CO2e per m2
83.57
73.32
*NB 2012/13 fleet emissions not yet calculated, assume same as last year
2012/13
41162
3102.1
49953
3686.5
75.36
12548
555.1
73.80
12548
588.6
44.24
17
46.91
17
3674.2
68.41
4292.2
68.67
Over the whole estate we saw a rise in kg per m 2 of GIA of 1.4% compared to the
previous academic year, but a 17.1% reduction compared to the baseline year
(2005/06). In terms of the average reduction in kg of CO2e per m2 of GIA year on year
from 2010/11 to 2019/20, the 2012/13 year saw a slight shortfall of 0.26kg.
Both absolute and per m2 of GIA Scope 1 and 2 emissions from activities at the Penryn
Campus increased last year compared to the previous academic year (see Appendix 1).
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 1
Much of this increase was caused by commissioning and teething problems with the
introduction of new academic and residential buildings on campus. Some of the increase
in heating (Scope 1 emissions), is also extremely likely to have been a consequence of
the unusually high number of cold weather days experienced during the 2012/13 winter.
Whilst, there has been an overall slight increase in carbon emission per m 2 of GIA in
2012/13 compared to the 2011/12 academic year, it was actually less than 1% of the
agreed KPI percentage target of an 18% reduction in 2012/13 compared to the 2005/06
baseline.
Breaking down residential and academic emissions; total absolute emissions related to
academic usage rose by 28.8% compared to the previous academic year, whilst those
from residential usage rose by 6.2%. In terms of kg per m 2 of GIA (our target
measurement), academic usage rose by 10.6% last year, whilst residential usage
decreased by 12.2%.
Issues with the operation of the new buildings appear to now be largely resolved. This,
along with Technical Services implementing an improved maintenance schedule for plant
and machinery, combined with the finalisation of several capital carbon reduction
projects, is expected to see a reversal in this trend back towards the average reduction
target in the 2013/14 Academic Year.
Inefficient plant and equipment often leads to excessive energy consumption; in order to
ensure we are able to continue to make good progress in future years it is imperative
that we are able to invest in essential regular maintenance and servicing revenue
programmes. We also need to continue with our programme of improving sub-metering
on campus and optimisations of the BMS to help us better understand where energy
improvements can produce the highest carbon paybacks. These works, combined with
condition and efficiency audits, will enable us to develop a new schedule of identified
capital carbon reduction projects to help ensure we are able to continue to improve our
environmental performance and reduce our carbon footprint per m2 of GIA.
Facilitating behavioural change and awareness amongst all campus users is also
important. Our full time internship position will be working closely with the FXU Student
Union over the next two years to help ensure the successful roll out of the Campus
Green Living Project which has two main themes, reducing energy usage and increasing
recycling on campus.
Over the next 12 months we will continue to report quarterly on progress towards
meeting the targets contained within the FX Plus KPI carbon target. We are currently
confident that this next academic year will see an improved performance and we will be
successful in achieving our 2013/14 target. Our target is to achieve an average
reduction of 3.63kg in Scopes 1 and 2 CO2e per m2 of GIA year on year from 2010/11 to
2019/20. In the last academic year we fell slightly short of this average target (0.27kg).
In the 2013/14 academic year, we are estimating we will need to achieve a reduction
from 2012/13 carbon emissions of at least 250 tonnes of CO2e in order to stay on target.
The residential retrofit carbon reduction programme due for completion November 2013,
is expected to result in annual savings of more than double our target reduction for the
year.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 2
1.
Introduction
The joint Falmouth University (Falmouth) and University of Exeter (Penryn Campus)
Carbon Management Plan (CMP 2013) underpins the universities' commitment towards
achieving more sustainable development and minimising our greenhouse gas emissions.
It provides a revised and updated strategic direction for ensuring continued progress in
reducing carbon emissions per square metre of gross internal floor area (GIA per m2) at
the joint Penryn Campus and additionally for Falmouth University only, its Falmouth
Campus at Woodlane.
This annual report sets out progress towards meeting the agreed 2019/20 targets for
Falmouth University. It concentrates on Scope 1 (direct emissions from boilers, burners
and fleet vehicles) and Scope 2 emissions (purchased mains grid electricity) for Falmouth
University’s share of activity at the Penryn Campus and for all activity at the Falmouth
Campus (Woodlane and Wellington Annex). Some Scope 3 indirect emissions are also
reported on; water and electricity mains grid transmission. Other scope 3 emissions
Waste/Recycling, and transport commuting will be reported on separately.
2.
The Baseline and Targets
In July 2013, the Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Footprint for Falmouth University was
restated for all years (including the 2005/06 baseline year) in order to account
for material changes to the conversion factors provided by Defra for company
reporting purposes. The annual CO2e tonnages and baseline for Falmouth
University contained in this 2012/13 annual report, therefore, supersede all
previous versions of the CMP.
Progress towards meeting its Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Reduction Target for the University is
an important performance indicator for Falmouth and is reported on annually to its board
members.
The Falmouth University target is to reduce Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Emissions in terms of
kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2e) by 45% per m2 of gross internal area
(GIA) by 2019/20 compared to a 2005/06 baseline. This target includes mains gas and
electricity only, and fleet vehicles.
The re-stated Scope 1 and 2 2005/06 Baseline (including fleet vehicles) for
Falmouth University is 83.57 kg CO2e per m2 of GIA. The target is 45.96 kg
CO2e per m2 of GIA by 2019/20 (an average reduction of 3.87 kg CO2e per m2 of
GIA year on year from 2010/11 to 2019/20).
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 3
3.
Progress to date
Table 1- Falmouth University Carbon Reduction Targets (Scope 1 and 2
emissions, including fleet vehicles)
2005/06
83.57
2010/11
70.14
2011/12
67.45
2012/13
64.77
83.57
73.32
68.34
68.67
73.32
70.28
67.24
-16%
-20%
-18.2%
-17.8%
-6.8%
0.5%
4.98
2.32
Target
Actual
Revised Target
target % reduction since 05/06
-12.3%
Actual % reduction since 05/06
Actual change compared to previous year
Actual Average Annual Reduction (kg)
The target is to achieve an average reduction of 3.87kg in Scope 1 and 2 CO2e per m2 of GIA year on year from
2010/11 to 2019/20.
As shown in table 1 above, carbon emissions per m2 of GIA from Scope 1 and 2 sources for
Falmouth University rose in the 2012/13 academic year compared to the previous academic year
(an increase of 0.5%), and 2.2% more than the target reduction figure for 2012/13. The average
annual reduction between August 2011 to July 2013 was 2.32kg; 1.55kg below the target average
reduction of 3.87 kg per year. Whilst disappointing, this increase was not unexpected due to the
handover to the Penryn Campus Estate of three new academic buildings; AIR, ESI and the
Exchange, and the refurbishment of the Tremough Farmhouse which is currently in academic use,
as well as the new residential development (Glasney View Stage 2b). Commissioning and teething
issues with many of these new builds, particularly the ESI Building’s Combined Heat and Power
(CHP) has been largely responsible for this increase, although the increased number of cold
weather days in 2012/13 compared to the previous academic year, is also likely to have had an
impact on gas consumption (see section 3.3.1).
3.1 Absolute Carbon Emissions – Falmouth University
Table 2 - Falmouth University Carbon Footprint Scope 1 and 2 (includes fleet vehicles)
2005/06
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
Penryn Campus (GIA)
18663
40784
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
41162
49953
Page 4
Penryn Campus tCO2e
1743.0
3293.7
Penryn Campus kg CO2e per
m2
93.39
80.76
Falmouth Campus (GIA)
11908
11908
Falmouth Campus tCO2e
783.6
550.8
Falmouth Campus kg CO2e
per m2
65.81
46.25
Fleet Vehicles tCO2e
28.2
18.7
Total Absolute Emissions
tCO2e
2554.8
3863.2
Total kg CO2e per m2
83.57
73.32
*NB 2012/13 fleet emissions not yet calculated, assume same as last year
Table 2 - Absolute
Emissions Penryn Campus:
Scope 1 (heating) tCO2e
Scope 2 (electricity) tCO2e
Total tCO2e
3098.3
3686.5
75.27
12548
555.1
74.70
12548
588.6
44.24
17
46.91
17
3670.4
68.34
4292.2
68.67
2005/06 (Baseline)
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
999.5 1782.5 1384.4 2405.7
2146.2 3501.2 3578.0 3671.6
3145.7 5283.7 4962.4 6077.3
TABLE 3 - FALMOUTH CAMPUS
total campus footprint (Scope 1 and 2 emissions)*
* Does not include Fleet Vehicles
Year Analysis
2005/06
(Baseline)
Scope 1 (heating)
Scope 2
(electricity)
Total tCO2e
Total per kg m2
GIA
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13**
256.9
184.9
183.1
260.0
526.7
783.6
365.9
550.8
372.0
555.1
328.6
588.6
65.81
46.25
44.24
46.91
**2012/13 includes deduction of PV array (renewables) of 7.2 tonnes CO2e
Graph 1 – Annual Absolute Carbon Emissions Scope 1 and 2 Penryn Campus
As expected; due to the rapid growth of the Penryn Campus since 2005/06, absolute emissions
have continued to rise year on year. Falmouth University’s Scope 1 and 2 Carbon emissions (not
including fleet vehicles) rose by ***** last year compared to the previous academic year
(2011/12) and are ****** higher than they were in the baseline year. It was in recognition of
this extensive, and planned continued growth of the Penryn Campus that Falmouth University and
the University of Exeter agreed in the March 2011 Carbon Management Plan (CMP) that it would
not be feasible to apply an absolute carbon reduction target and that a more appropriate and
achievable target would need be based on emissions per m2 of Gross Internal Area (GIA).
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 5
Absolute emissions from academic usage rose by 28.8% last year compared to 2011/12 and
10.6% per m2 of GIA. Residential absolute emissions rose by 6.2%, however in terms of per m 2 of
GIA residential emissions actually decreased by 12.2% compared to 2011/12.
3.2 Carbon Emissions per m2 of GIA – Penryn Campus
Annual Carbon Emissions per m2 of
GIA from mains electricity, mains gas
and heating oil at the Penryn Campus
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
kg CO2e per m2
20.0
0.0
2005/06
(Baseline)
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
Graph 2 – Annual Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Emissions per m2 of GIA, Penryn Campus
Energy related carbon emissions per m2 for the whole campus rose by 1.3% last year compared to
the previous 2011/12 academic year, but is still 17.1% lower than in the 2005/06 baseline year.
It is expected that (as early operational issues with the newest academic buildings on campus are
resolved, and with the completion of a number of carbon reduction projects in the first six months
of the 2013/14 academic year), carbon emissions per m2 will see a reduction over this coming
academic year (2013/14) and we will achieve our average annual reduction target.
Table 4 – kg CO2e per m2 of
GIA – Penryn Campus
2005/06 (Baseline)
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
2
kg per m academic
insufficient data
112.1
98.5
109.0
2
kg per m residential
insufficient data
45.7
46.5
40.8
2
kg per m whole estate
93.4
81.4
76.4
77.4
Table 5 - % difference CO2e per m2 of
GIA Penryn Campus between 2012/13
and:
kg per m2 academic
kg per m2 residential
kg per m2 whole estate
2011/12 2010/11
baseline
10.6%
-2.7%
-12.2%
-10.6%
1.4%
-4.8%
-17.1%
In terms of the split between Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, the large majority of the increases
were derived from gas consumption, particularly academic gas usage. The reasons for this are
discussed in the next section of this report.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 6
3.3 Scope 1 Emissions (Mains Gas)
Monthly Gas Consumption Penryn Campus (as invoiced)
2,000,000
kWh
1,500,000
1,000,000
Series1
500,000
Linear (Series1)
0
Graph 3 – Monthly Gas Consumption Tremough Campus
Historically gas usage has risen steadily reflecting the continued growth of the campus. Until
August 2012, the majority of natural gas was used for space heating, with few exceptions such as
catering and the small CHP in the AIR building.
Table 6 –Mains Gas Usage, Penryn Campus
Year Analysis
Gas Main Meter
kWh
tCO2e
2005/06
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
4751332
6424845
5955214
11794616
874.44
1182.43
1096.00
2170.68
PC Meter
2010/11
2011/12
12/1311/12
%
increase
98.1%
2012/13
kWh
0
1383645
971673
1174212
tCO2e
0
254.65
178.83
216.10
Farmhouse
0
0
0
6876
tCO2e
0
0
0
1.41
4751332
7808490
6926887
12975705
874.44
1437.07
1274.82
2388.05
25.96
22.13
19.25
30.43
20.8%
Residual Estate
total
tCO2e
total per
m2
87.3%
Mains gas emissions increased by 87.3% in 2012/13 compared to the previous 2011/12 academic
year. Much of this increase is caused by the new builds and operation of their new CHP units. In
particular operational issues with the ESI CHP plant and the need for the DdM boilers to be used as
back up when the ESI CHP unit failed has led to larger than expected increases. At the time of
writing this report (September 2013) problems with the ESI CHP appear to have largely been
resolved. Increased gas usage due to running CHPs help reduce overall carbon emissions because
electricity has a higher carbon conversion factor than gas. Our CHP units provide electricity which
is fed directly into our own campus distribution grid, this means that without these CHP units our
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 7
increase in mains grid electricity carbon consumption (Scope 2 emissions) would otherwise have
been far higher.
FX Plus’ Technical Services have undertaken daily metering of both the DdM Boiler and the ESI
CHP. From this data, we have been able to estimate that, provided this CHP unit continues to run
as designed, it will consume around 1225650 kWh of gas per annum (equivalent to 225.5 tCO2e)
and generate around 1042700 kWh of electricity per annum. If this electricity were to be
purchased from the main grid it would have a carbon footprint of 464.5 tCO2e. The net benefit of
the CHP in terms of carbon reduction therefore will be around 240 tCO2e saved per annum.
The conversion of Tremough House and Annex over to mains gas in autumn 2012 has also had an
impact on gas usage, which is mitigated because we are no longer purchasing heating oil for use
on site.
3.3.1. Weather Correction
For Estates Management Statistics reporting purposes, campus carbon emissions are measured as
absolute values. However it can also be useful when comparing one year from another to
normalise data to account for weather differences using heating degree days.
Heating degree days (HDD) are used for calculations that relate to the heating of buildings. For
example, HDD can be used to normalize the energy consumption of buildings with central heating.
Heating degree-day figures come with a "base temperature", and provide a measure of how much
(in degrees), and for how long (in days), the outside temperature was below that base
temperature. In line with common practice we have taken the most readily available heating
degree days for the South West Region with a base temperature of 15.5°C:
Table 7 – Weather Correction for Penryn Campus
CALCULATION OF WEATHER CORRECTION FOR PENRYN CAMPUS USING DEGREE DAY DATA FOR SOUTH WEST REGION
OIL HEATING ONLY TO A BASE TEMPERATURE OF 15.5 DEG C
Methodology used is simple ratio-based normalisation of energy consumption and 20 year average degree days as the multiplier
Avg 20 Year
Fuel Deg Day
Type Value
2011-2012 Academic Year
Actual
tCO2e
kWh per
Degree Days degree day
kWh
tCO2e
2012-13 Academic Year
Normalised no
weather
2012/13
Actual
kWh
corrected
kWh
Degree Days degree day
correction
kWh per
tCO2e
tCO2e
Normalised
no
weather
kWh
correction
corrected
Oil
1755
392061
1674
234
411032
105.4
110.5
25076
2008
12
21917
6.7
5.9
Gas
1755
6926887
1674
54372
7422144
1274.8
1366.0
12975704
2008
102040
11417472
2388.0
2101.3
7833175
1380.2
1476.4
13000780
11439389
2394.8
2107.2
total
7318948
Table 8 - Total Uncorrected Scope 1 Emissions, Penryn Campus
2011/12
2012/13
Difference
tCO2e
1380.2
2394.8
73.5%
tCO2e per m2
20.84
30.52
46.4%
Total Weather Corrected Scope 1 Emissions, Penryn Campus
tCO2e
2011/12
2012/13
Difference
1476.4
2107.2
42.7%
26.85
20.4%
tCO2e per m2 22.29
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 8
Winter 2012/13 was far colder than average; the number of cold weather days was almost 15%
higher than the 20 year average, and 20% higher than the previous academic year 2011/12.
Applying cold weather correction (Tables 7 and 8 above) shows that absolute carbon emissions
from Scope 1 emissions (Gas and Oil in tCO2e) at the Penryn Campus increased by 73.5% in
2012/13 compared to the previous 2011/12 academic year. Normalising the data reduces this
increase to 42.7%. Uncorrected Scope 1 emissions (tCO2e) per m2 of GIA increased by 46.4% in
2012/13 compared to the previous academic year, using normalised weather correction this
increase falls to 20.4%.
This data should be treated with caution; simple weather normalisation methodology is a crude
tool for measuring fluctuations in annual usage. It is also assuming that all gas/oil usage is being
used for heating purposes, whereas gas is also used for cooking in the residencies, and more
importantly in the case of the ESI building gas consumption is used mainly for cooling. However,
because of the difficulties in being able to measure these base-load consumptions, for the
purposes of this report it is assumed that all gas and oil use on the campus is used for heating
only.
3.4 Electrical Usage Penryn Campus
Mains electricity consumption at the Penryn Campus is (apart from small residual supplies at
Tremough Barton Cottages and Farmhouse) supplied by a single main meter, which has since 2010
been read automatically (AMR). Graph 4 shows the kWh consumption taken from actual electricity
invoices covering the baseline year to July 2013. Electricity usage has followed a continual upward
trend since the baseline year. This trend is expected to continue in line with the future planned
growth of the campus.
Monthly Electricity Consumption Penryn
Campus (from invoice data)
900,000
800,000
kWh
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
Aug-05 Aug-06 Aug-07 Aug-08 Aug-09 Aug-10 Aug-11 Aug-12
Graph 4 – Monthly Electricity Consumption Penryn Campus
Table 9: Mains Electric Usage Penryn Campus
Year Analysis
2005/06 2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
kWh
4533772
7745196
7951275
8230860
residual estate
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 9
Farmhouse
less construction
TOTAL (kWh)
tCO2e
0
0
4533772
2146.2
0
0
7745196
3501.2
0
-173600
7777675
3657.8
11083
0
8241943
3666.7
Electricity increases were moderate compared to those for gas consumption. Total absolute
carbon emissions for Scope 2 (mains grid electrical) usage rose by 0.24%. In terms of kWh,
however, there was an increase of almost 6%.
The reason for the difference between kWh increase and absolute carbon emissions from Scope 2
mains electric is due to the yearly differences in mains grid electricity carbon conversion factors
published by Defra. It should be noted that without the CHP units on the campus converting gas
to electricity and using the waste heat for either heating water or for cooling using advanced
absorption technology, then the increases in electricity consumption would have been far greater.
There have been significant problems this year in both the operation of the CHP’s (particularly the
ESI unit), and in the collection of accurate metering data, we have estimated that the savings
saving in demand for electricity from the mains grid due to the generation of electricity on site was
around 243000kWh, but it should be emphasised that there is a large uncertainty with this figure
and it will be dependent on the CHP running as designed over the next 12 months.
3.4 Residential Carbon Emissions
Table 10 – Total Residential Carbon Emissions, Year Analysis
Total Residencies Year Analysis
Electric
2008/09
Gas
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Glasney1
843640
702770
912820
768590
727180 1617590 1544483 1355748 1480541 1548964
Glasney2
515166
434252
434613
470358
419815
848102
279576 346385 437338 465821
0
Glasney2a
0
Glasney2b
total kWh
total CO2e
Scope 1 and 2
total CO2e
GIA
CO2e per m2 GIA
0
0
0
0
139130
0
881522
910924
990669
853056
847308 1033356
929246
927778
0
491768
0
0
1358806 1416598 1693818 1676286 1751946 2465692 3273312 3300028 3400456 3821566
671.0
2008/09
687.5
765.7
771.1
780.5
453.8
602.4
607.3
625.8
703.3
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
1124.8
1289.9
1373.0
1397.0
1483.8
17899
30049
30049
30049
36334
62.8
42.9
45.7
46.5
40.8
Absolute Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions from the campus accommodation blocks at Glasney
Village, increased in 2012/13 by 6.2% compared to the previous 2011/12 academic year, and
have increased by 31.9% since 2008/09. These increases can be attributed to the planned growth
of Glasney Village, total residential floor area increased by 20.9% last year on completion and
handover of the second phase of Glasney View. In terms of the breakdown between Scope 1 and
Scope 2 Emissions, absolute residential Scope 1 gas emissions rose by 12.4% last year compared
to 2011/12 and Scope 2 mains electricity by 1.2%.
In terms of carbon emissions per m2 of GIA, despite the above average number of cold weather
days, the residential areas at the Penryn Campus were reduced by 12.2% compared to the
previous 2011/12 academic year, and 35% since 2008/09. Much of this reduction is due to the
increase in floor area, and the fact that the newer buildings have been built to much higher energy
efficiency standards.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 10
Although not a key performance indicator, it is also useful to consider the carbon emissions per
term-time resident:
Table 11 - Carbon Emissions per Resident at
Glasney Village, Penryn Campus
Academic year
2010/11
No. of Residents*
1301
1055
(kg CO2e)
Carbon Emissions per Resident
2011/12
2012/13
1335
1046
1316
1127
*Residential student numbers as at January of each academic year
Residential student numbers fell by 1.4% during the last academic year, however the actual CO 2e
per student resident increased by 7.7%. This can partly be explained by the new developments;
although student accommodation was not at full occupancy, all of the residential blocks were at
least partially occupied, and therefore all required some heating and electric. The large increase in
gas usage compared to electricity usage, does however suggest that the unusually high number of
cold weather days last year was a large factor for why CO2e per resident student increased by
almost 8%.
When comparing kg of CO2e per m2 (Graph 5), the difference between the energy efficiency of the
older residential blocks at Glasney Park, compared to the newer Glasney View developments is
striking. We are currently rolling out a £400k carbon reduction retrofit project at the residencies
which when completed is estimated will save over 500t of CO2e per annum.
Graph 5 - Glasney Village Annual kg CO2e per m2
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008/09
2009/10
Glasney1
2010/11
Glasney2
2011/12
Glasney2a
2012/13
Glasney2b
3.5 Academic Carbon Emissions
Table 12 - Academic carbon emissions
Difference between 2012/13 and:
Academic absolute emissions
CO2e per m2 of GIA:
kg per m2 academic
Absolute Emissions:
Scope 1 (Heating) Academic
Scope 2 (Electric) Academic
2011/12 2010/11
28.8%
17.5%
2011/12 2010/11
10.6%
-2.7%
124.4%
3.0%
44.9%
5.7%
Total absolute academic carbon emissions rose by 28.8% in 2012/13 (Table 12) compared to the
previous academic year. Most of this increase was from mains gas usage (which has helped to
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 11
offset increases in electricity consumption). Total scope 1 emissions (gas and oil) at the Penryn
Campus, not associated with residential use, increased by 124.4% in terms of absolute emissions
compared to the previous academic year. Increases in absolute Scope 2 emissions over the same
period totalled 3.0%. In terms of kg of CO2e per m2 of GIA, there was an increase of 10.6%
compared to the previous academic year. Much of this increase is likely due to commissioning and
teething problems with the new academic buildings, although the unusually high number of cold
weather days last winter is also a likely contributor.
Although not a key performance indicator for FX Plus, it can be useful to also consider academic
related carbon emissions per head of FTE Student (Table 13, below):
Table 13 - Scope 1 and 2 Academic Emissions per FTE Student Penryn Campus*
*data taken from December Census
Academic Year
2005/06
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
FTE Student Nos.
n/a
4000
4386
4394
tCO2e academic
n/a
3911
3565
4594
kg CO2e/FTE student
n/a
978
813
1045
Academic Emissions per FTE Student and Staff Penryn Campus
FTE Staff and Student Nos.
n/a
5124
kg CO2e FTE student and staff
(includes FX Plus)
n/a
696
5183
886
In 2012/13 the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per full time student increased by 28.5%
compared to the previous academic year, and increased by 27% per FTE staff and student. The
reason for the higher percentage increase per staff and student FTE compared to m2 of GIA, is
because all the new academic buildings have been either research related or shared spaces which
are less likely to lead to increased total campus occupancy compared to traditional teaching space.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 12
kg CO2e
Graph 6 - Comparison of Carbon Performance
Academic Buildings per m2 of GIA, Penryn
Campus 2012/13 Year
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
Scope 2 (Mains Electric)
Scope 1 (Oil/Gas)
Academic Building
Manual meter readings demonstrate there is a wide difference between carbon emissions per m2 of
GIA (Graph 6, above), with the Media Centre in particular performing extremely poorly. The
BREEAM Excellent AIR building appears by far the best performing building on campus, however, it
has recently come to light that some electricity sub-meters were not installed and also that some
meters may not be recording accurately. The CHP generation (for which a meter was never
installed) has been estimated by deducting the total of all the sub meters on the main panel from
the main meter feed into the building. The recently identified problems with the sub-metering
means it is likely that the CHP energy generation has been over-estimated, and in reality the AIR
building’s actual carbon consumption is higher than that shown in the graph 6. The ESI building
has not been included in Graph 6 because of uncertainty in the electricity generation and gas
usage of the large CHP unit within this building. Manual meter readings do not correspond with
the electronic monthly readings sent to the Estates Department by EnerG. We are currently
working with EnerG to ensure we are in future able to be confident that the kWh and carbon data
they send us is accurate. It should be noted however, that issues with the operation of the ESI
CHP appear to have now been resolved and through a study undertaken by our Head of Technical
Services, we now have a rough estimate of how much carbon it is likely to save per annum.
In order to ensure a far greater confidence in the performance on individual buildings we are
currently working with BMS consultants to provide automatic monthly metering data for as many
sub-meters as possible across the campus. Part of this work also involves an audit of all meters to
ensure that all gas and electricity consumption and, in the case of electricity generation, is
accurately recorded for individual buildings. This audit, which is currently being undertaken,
identifies any meters which need to still be connected to the BMS, in addition it will highlight
whether any sub-meters are missing or alternatively need replacing because they are not pulse
meters and therefore not capable of being linked to the BMS. A phased programme of work to
ensure that we are able to accurately, and remotely, obtain metering data for all the main
buildings/areas of energy use on the campus will then be developed and implemented. The scope
of works to be completed in this next academic year will, however, be dependent on budget.
In terms of absolute carbon emissions (Graph 7 below), the size of the Daphne du Maurier
building, means that is overall carbon footprint dwarfs that of all the other buildings on campus:
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 13
Graph 7 - Absolute Carbon Emissions 2012-13, Academic
Buildings Penryn Campus
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Absolute Carbon Emissions
2012-13
3.5.1 Individual Academic Building Performance
3.5.1(a) The Performance Centre
Graph 7 - Performance Centre Scope 1 and 2
Carbon Emissions Academic Year Analysis
700.0
600.0
tCO2e
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
ELECTRIC
278.6
178.9
167.8
GAS
295.8
160.1
210.9
The total carbon footprint of the Performance Centre (Graph 7) rose by 11.7% compared to the
previous 2011/12 academic year, but it is still 34% lower than in its first full year of operation
(2010/11).
We have continued to see a reduction in electricity usage at the Performance Centre, some of this
will be due to better control of lighting systems within the building, however the air conditioning
was out of action for some of the year, which will have had a significant impact on its electrical
demand. Gas usage has risen by 31.2% compared to the previous academic year this is because
one of the boilers was not in operation for most 2011/12 combined with the increased number of
cold weather days last year (2012/13). Improved building management in recent months is,
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 14
however, expected to result in a reduction in total annual gas consumption over the next academic
year.
3.5.1.b The Daphne du Maurier (DdM) Building
Graph 8 - DdM Scope 1 and 2 Carbon
Emissions Academic Year Analysis
2000.0
tCO2e
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
ELECTRIC
1320.8
1391.1
1118.9
1279.3
1254.5
GAS
536.5
395.9
339.0
286.0
601.9
The Daphne du Maurier Building’s manual meter reading data indicates carbon emissions from
electricity usage increased by less than 2% last year, compared to the previous year. However gas
usage rocketed by over 110%. The reason for this huge increase in gas consumption is likely to be
almost entirely due to the need to support the running of the ESI CT Room Absorption Chiller when
the CHP Unit was inoperable. The DdM Hoval boilers were set to provide a back-up at all times, to
provide water heated to a high enough temperature and thereby ensure the continued operation of
the ESI Plant. For comparison in the prior year the 3 Hoval boilers would have been shut down for
the duration of the summer period whereas for this year all three have had to be left operational. A
condition audit of the DdM boilers (which are now 10 years old), recommendations and likely costs
to ensure we are able to operate this building efficiently whilst at the same time still provide
emergency back-up for the ESI, is currently being undertaken by engineers from Hoval for Technical
Services’ consideration.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 15
Graph 10 - Tremough House, Media Centre
and Aviaries Scope 1 and 2 Carbon
Emissions Academic Year Analysis
700.0
600.0
tCO2e
500.0
400.0
Electric
300.0
Gas
Oil
200.0
100.0
0.0
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
Academic Year
Until August 2012 there were no meters installed to allow separate measurement of the electricity
consumption of the Media Centre, and Tremough House and Annex. Electricity usage from the
Aviaries (which includes the greenhouses and the aquarium buildings) also needed to be submetered from the main Tremough House sub-meter. The main sub-meter for these three different
campus areas shows that electricity usage rose by 17.8% in 2012/13 compared to the previous
academic year. However, 36.6% of total electricity use in 2012/13 for the Tremough House and
Media Centre meter was actually consumed by the external aquarium, greenhouses and aquarium
facilities on campus which are used by Exeter University for research purposes. The aquarium
facilities are new and represent an additional demand on utilities, however because the sub-meter
is also new, there is no data available to allow for a historical estimation of electricity demand for
the aviaries and greenhouses.
Total Scope 1 emissions (Gas and oil) for Tremough House and Annex, and the Media Centre rose
by 1.9% over the same period, which may be explained by the higher of cold weather days.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 16
Graph 11 - Peter Lanyon Building
Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Emissions Year
Analysis
500.0
tCO2e
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
ELECTRIC
256.5
277.4
241.3
236.0
232.1
GAS
124.6
94.0
93.5
78.6
82.5
The Peter Lanyon building saw a small decrease in carbon emissions compared to the previous
academic year of just 0.2%. Gas usage increased by 4.9%, once again this is likely due to the
number of cold weather days, electricity usage decreased by 1.7%.
4.
Scope 1 and 2 Carbon Emissions Projections to 2019/20
To comply with the material changes to the conversion factors provided by Defra for company
reporting purposes, we have in accordance with their requirements; restated our carbon footprint
for all years (including the 2005/06 baseline). Based on our restated Scope 1 and 2 emissions
baseline for the Penryn Campus we have projected different consumption scenarios. The new BAU
(business as usual) scenario assumes:

Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions increase at a rate equal to the change in building growth
rate (change in GIA),

The new shop (200m2) and the 1st Phase of the Exeter SERFS Building (1200m2) are
included and then campus growth stops in 2015 (further phases of SERFS will only be
included (estimated as 1000m2 Phase 2, and 900m2 Phase 2) when funding and project
delivery timescales have been established), and;

all new development consumes energy at the same rate of energy use intensity as the
existing campus buildings in the 2005/06 baseline year. N.B. We are building to higher
and higher environmental standards, but high level research facilities normally have a
heavy in-use energy demand compared to traditional academic teaching space.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 17
Graph 12 - Restated Baseline 2013 - Penryn Campus Scope 1 and 2
carbon emissions BAU scenario compared against target and
absolute emissions
8000
7000
6000
tCO2e
5000
4000
BAU
3000
Target
2000
Actual
1000
0
The target scenario predicts the effect on carbon emissions by reducing the BAU scenario
by 45%. Based on the above assumptions the 2019/20 absolute Scope 1 and Scope 2
target for the whole Penryn Campus is 4113 tCO2e (which equates to the target m2 of
GIA of 51.4kg CO2e).
At the end of the 2012/13 academic year the total absolute emissions of 6077 tCO2e was
in accordance with the target reduction and is similar to that predicted in the CMP 2nd
edition (January 2013). We are currently estimating that to achieve our target by 2020
we will need to have implemented capital and revenue carbon reduction projects which
will deliver an additional 2000 tonnes of CO2e savings.
At the end of the 2013/14 academic year the target is for absolute carbon emissions to
be around 5830 tonnes of CO2e (graph 12) equivalent to a saving of around 250 tonnes
of CO2e against the calculated 2012/13 absolute emissions. Capital carbon reduction
projects currently being implemented (or about to be implemented) are expected to lead
to annual carbon savings of more than double those needed to ensure we reach our
target at the end of this next academic year (the residential retrofit programme alone,
due for completion in November, is expected to achieve around 550 tonnes of carbon
saved per annum).
5.
Implementation Plan
The CMP is built around four main themes:
5.1 Improve usage information and monitoring
It is only possible to provide information against targets and the success of
specific capital /behavioural change initiatives if we have the correct metering,
measuring and reporting processes in place. Work has already begun on linking
sub-meters to the BMS (Building Management System). The priority over the
next 12 to 18 months will be to continue to improve sub-metering on campus,
and link all sub-meters to the Trend BMS in order to ensure we are able to access
automated meter data for the main campus buildings. The long term aim is to
upgrade the BMS to a BEMS (Building Energy Management System) which will
allow Technical Services to better identify high energy usage or unusual energy
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 18
patterns, and (based on this knowledge) develop effective carbon reduction
opportunities
.
5.2Behavioural change
Initiatives and activities aimed at promoting behavioural change amongst campus
users will complement capital carbon reduction projects and can allow an element
of competition to be included. In 2012-13 we, in partnership with the FXU,
signed up to two NUS schemes; the Student Switch Off Campaign, aimed at
promoting energy efficiency within student residences, and also the Green Impact
Scheme for offices on campus.
In September 2013 the FXU were successful in obtaining £100K of NUS Green
Funding to be spent over 2 years on energy and waste behavioural change
initiatives. FX Plus are providing in-kind match funding for this project through
the employment of an Environmental Sustainability Internship whom will help coordinate and deliver the FXU ‘Green Living’ Project as well as continue the roll-out
the Student Switch Off and Green Impact Scheme.
5.3Improve energy performance of the estate
This is mainly about capital projects e.g. boiler upgrades, insulation measures,
presence detectors/timers, and low energy lighting retrofits, but it also includes
better and more efficient maintenance regimes, and equipment servicing (which
can lead to significant efficiency and associated energy usage savings). Carbon
reduction capital projects implemented in 2012/13 and those projects currently
being implemented are shown in Table 14 below:
Table 14 – Planned Capital Carbon Projects Penryn Campus 2012-2014
Penryn Campus
Estimated
Carbon
Project
Savings
(tCO2e) per
2012/13 Implemented Capital Carbon Reduction Projects
annum
Approx
Capital
Cost
Annual
Cost
Savings
Payba
ck in
yrs
Plug and Vending Misers
14
£3,850
£2,406
1.60
LED Bollard Lighting Retrofit
41
£48,600
£10,195
4.77
PV Array on DdM Roof
27
£6,714
0.00
Oil to Gas Conversion Tremough House/Annex
35
£74,000
£17,800
4.16
19.5
£36,800
£4,827
7.62
5.7
£2,550
£1,417
1.80
Phase 1 LED Street Lights
Photography Centre Halogen to LED
Trial 130 x 2D lamp LED replacements Tremough House
5.9
£8,215
£1,544
5.32
Water Heating DdM Kitchens supply from Exchange CHP
10.4
£10,000
£1,880
5.32
9.7
£600
£596
1.01
24.9
£4,200
£1,489
2.82
193.1 £188,815
£48,868
3.86
Trial 2 x Vortex 550W Handdriers
14 x Vortex 550W Handdriers Performance Centre
Total implemented
Current Planned/Pipeline Projects (2012/13 - 2013/14 Academic Years)
LED Lighting Stannary Bar/Café
27.9
£34,111
£6,917
4.93
5.9
£8,215
£1,544
5.32
Phase 2 LED Streetlights and MUGA Floodlights
54.1
£75,859
£12,970
5.85
Lighting Control System Design Centre
16.1
£8,041
£4,017
2.00
565.5 £419,013 £116,542
3.87
Total Currently Planned 2013/14
669.51524 £545,239 £141,990
3.84
Total
862.61524 £734,054 £190,858
3.85
Trial 130 x 2D lamp LED replacements Tremough House
Residencies retrofit LEDs/Timers/PIRs
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 19
The Technical Services Team aim to complete the following projects during this next
academic year. These studies will allow for a much improved understanding of the
potential of further carbon reductions through the adoption of better
maintenance/servicing agreements for M&E along with the potential for carbon saving
capital projects:




Plant and controls audit, condition surveys and schedule of works
Efficiency audits and streamlining of controls in main academic buildings
Development of a strategy/programme for boiler and controls replacements and
upgrades
Pump replacement strategy
The findings and recommendations contained within the above-mentioned reports/audits
will be used to develop and finalise a new programme of capital carbon reduction projects,
for which possible funding opportunities/future budget allocation will need to be
investigated/implemented.
5.4 Introduce new low carbon/renewable sources of energy supply
During the 2012/13 academic year a number of new low carbon and renewable energy
technologies were introduced onto the campus. This included small 5.5kW CHP units; (one
in the AIR building, and three in the Exchange), a large CHP in the ESI building, and a new
photovoltaic array (associated with the development of the ESI building, but located on the
roof of the DdM building).
There have been problems with meter readings and obtaining accurate data for the CHP
units and we are working with the developers’ M&E specialists to resolve these issues.
However, from the data we have been able to collate, we are estimating that the
renewable/low carbon installations on campus generated 126.5 tonnes of carbon last year
(table 15 below); all of which went into our local campus grid saving us from having to
import this amount of electricity from the national grid. Based on these figures;
renewable/low carbon electricity generation totalled 2.9% of total electricity consumption
on campus.
Table 15 : 2012/13 Academic Year electricity from renewables/low carbon - Penryn Campus
kWh
Performance Centre PV
Array
ESI PV Array
ESI CHP
Exchange CHP
AIR CHP
Total kWh
7810
37514
180078
10213
7513
243128
tCO2e saved
-3.48
-16.71
-80.22
-4.55
-3.35
-126.52
We purchase all our energy from the Government Procurement Service (GPS). Since April
2013 all GPS electricity supplies have been ‘green’ (i.e. from renewable and low carbon
sources). Whilst HEFCE guidelines for carbon reporting do not allow green tariff energy
supplies to be considered ‘zero carbon’, as a result of this initiative we no longer pay CCL
(Climate Change Levy) on our electricity.
Low carbon/renewable technologies are being considered for inclusion in new capital build
projects including a photovoltaic array for the SERFS project proposal.
Research activity at the campus this coming academic year, includes a CSM Renewable
Energy Course dissertation project which will be investigating the viability of re-using
waste heat from the IT server rooms.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 20
6.
Carbon Reduction Commitment
6.1 Phase 1 - April 2013 Return
The March 12 to April 2013 CRC return has been completed and CRC Allowances have been
purchased at a cost of £74,808. The total emissions for the 2012/13 reporting year amounted
to 6234 tonnes of CO2, an increase of 15.6% on the previous 2011/12 reporting year. Our
annual allowances will need to be surrendered at the end of October. Phase 1 of the CRC
scheme finishes on 31st March 2014.
6.2 Phase 2 Reporting
Phase 2 will start on 1 April 2014. As we consume more than 6000 megawatt hours (MWh) of
qualifying electricity we will need to register for Phase 2 of the scheme between 4 November
2013 and 31 January 2014.
7.
Conclusion
Both absolute and per m2 of GIA Scope 1 and 2 emissions from activities at the Penryn
Campus increased last year compared to the previous academic year. Whilst disappointing, it
is believed that much of this increase was caused by commissioning and teething problems
with the introduction of new academic and residential buildings on campus. Some of the
increase in heating (Scope 1 emissions), is also extremely likely to have been a consequence
of the unusually high number of cold weather days experienced during the 2012/13 winter.
Issues with the operation of the new buildings appear to now be largely resolved. This, along
with Technical Services implementing an improved maintenance schedule for plant and
machinery, combined with the finalisation and financial support for some of the outstanding
planned capital carbon reduction projects, is expected to see a reversal in this trend back
towards the average reduction target in the 2013/14 Academic Year.
Inefficient plant and equipment often leads to excessive energy consumption; in order to
ensure we are able to continue to make good progress in future years it is imperative that we
are able to invest in essential regular maintenance and M&E service contracts. We also need
to continue with our programme of improving sub-metering on campus and optimisations of
the BMS to help us better understand where energy improvements can produce the highest
carbon paybacks. These works, combined with condition and efficiency audits, will enable us
to develop a new schedule of identified capital carbon reduction projects to help ensure we are
able to continue to improve our environmental performance and reduce our carbon footprint
per m2 of GIA.
Facilitating behavioural change and awareness amongst all campus users is also important.
Our full time internship position will be working closely with the FXU Student Union over the
next two years to help ensure the successful roll out of the Campus Green Living Project which
has two main themes; reducing energy usage and increasing recycling on campus.
Over the next 12 months we will continue to report quarterly on progress towards meeting the
targets contained within the FX Plus KPI carbon target. However, we are currently confident
that this next academic year will see an improved performance and that we will be successful
in achieving our 2013/14 target. Our target is to achieve an average reduction of 3.63kg in
Scopes 1 and 2 CO2e per m2 of GIA year on year from 2010/11 to 2019/20. In the last
academic year we fell slightly short (0.27kg) of this target. In the 2013/14 academic year, we
estimate we will need to achieve a reduction from 2012/13 carbon emissions of at least 250
tonnes of CO2e in order to stay on target. The residential retrofit carbon reduction programme
due for completion November 2013, is expected to result in annual savings of more than
double our target reduction for the year.
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
Page 21
Appendix 1
Penryn Campus – total carbon footprint (2005/06 baseline year to 2012/13)
PENRYN CAMPUS
total campus footprint (Scope 1 and 2 emissions)*
* Does not include Fleet Vehicles
Year Analysis
Absolute Emissions:
2005/06 (Baseline)
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Scope 1 (heating) tCO2e
999.5
1782.5
1384.4
2405.7
Scope 2 (electricity) tCO2e
2146.2
3501.2
3578.0
3671.6
Total tCO2e
3145.7
5283.7
4962.4
6077.3
Academic tCO2e
insufficient data
3910.6
3565.4
4593.5
Residential tCO2e
insufficient data
1373.0
1397.0
1483.8
kg per m2 academic
insufficient data
112.1
98.5
109.0
kg per m2 residential
insufficient data
45.7
46.5
40.8
kg per m2 whole estate
93.4
81.4
76.4
77.4
Absolute Emissions:
2005/06 (Baseline) 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Scope 1 Academic Gas
insufficient data
835.1
653.2
1695.6
Scope 1 Academic Oil
65.0
340.0
105.4
6.7
Total Scope 1 Academic
insufficient data
1175.1
758.6
1702.4
Scope 2 Academic
insufficient data
2735.5
2806.8
2891.2
Scope 1 Residential
insufficient data
607.3
625.8
703.3
Scope 2 Residential
insufficient data
765.7
771.1
780.5
Falmouth Exeter Plus – Annual Carbon Report 2012/13
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