ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA 1 ActionAid Ethiopia http://www.actionaid.org/ethiopia 2 AMREF (African Medical Research Foundation) 3 CARE Ethiopia http://www.care.org.et/About.aspx 4 http://www.ethotc.org/dicac/eoc/ 5 DICAC (Development and InterChurch Aid Commission) EGLDAM 6 Ethiopian Midwives Association http://www.ethiopianmidwives.org/index.html 7 Jhpiego http://www.jhpiego.org/en/content/ethiopia 8 http://www.lambadina.org/ 9 Lambadina Institute Health and Development Communication Panos Ethiopia 10 Pathfinder International http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Progr ams_Ethiopia 11 Population Media Centre http://www.populationmedia.org/where/ethiopia/mieraf/ and http://www.amref.org/where-we-work/our-work-inethiopia/ http://www.egldam-fgm.net/ http://panosethiopia-hrc.org/about_panos.html EXAMPLES OF OTHER SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 1 Mediae 2 Well Told Story & http://wts.co.ke/index.php Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (JHU•CCP) Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 http://www.mediae.org/ Page 1 of 13 NGO: ActionAid Ethiopia PROJECTS: various ISSUE: various including women’s rights and education WEBSITE: http://www.actionaid.org/ethiopia/what-we-do/womens-development SUMMARY: ActionAid works in over 40 countries including Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierre Leone and Tanzania. In Ethiopia it works on a range of issues including: education, food security and emergencies, primary healthcare and HIV/AIDS and women's development. ActionAid Ethiopia embeds women’s development into its work on education, HIV/AIDs and Primary Health Care, and food security and emergency responses. In the project Combating Violence Against Women and Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) it has been working to empower women and girls to abandon or resist harmful traditional practices by getting organized and playing a proactive role. Organized women groups educate and sensitise community members in addition to helping survivors of violence seek redress for their grievances. The project involves: Recognising the role traditional and religious leaders play in shaping the behaviour and attitudes of people in communities, and engaging with them extensively. Schools and formal institutions such as police, court, health institutions and others have been targeted with capacity building support and awareness raising. Economic empowerment of women has been promoted by organising women into self-help groups and providing them with technical and financial support to engage in income generating activities. This initiative is mainly addressed under ActionAid’s food security theme. The women development theme focuses on generation and dissemination of knowledge and information as well as the replication of best practices. Women’s development initiatives are carried out in partnership with government and NGOs working at local, regional and national levels. Partners include Women in Self Employment (WISE), Network of Ethiopian Women Associations (NEWA) and Bright Image for Generation Ethiopia (BIGA). ActionAid Ethiopia’s Education programme includes work to: o develop locally appropriate learning and teaching materials which often have a specific focus like reproductive health; gender sensitivity; non-violence and citizenship o provide inputs to improve the qualification of teachers through in service and preservice teacher training programs o enhance girls support programmes such as girls clubs, tutorial programmes for girls o use child-to-child education methodologies and set up children’s rights clubs to promote participation Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 2 of 13 NGO: AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation) ISSUE: health WEBSITE: http://www.amref.org/where-we-work/our-work-in-ethiopia/ SUMMARY: AMREF is an international African organisation working to ensure that all Africans can enjoy the right to good health by helping create vibrant networks of informed communities that work with empowered health care providers in strong health systems. Amref is working in a number of African countries including Ethiopia and Tanzania. Work currently being carried out in Ethiopia includes: Developing and implementing health education and training for mid-level and community health workers in partnership with the Open University (OU). Training health workers among the nomadic pastoralist groups in South Omo and providing mobile health clinics along migratory routes. Training specialist health workers in hospitals around the country. Supporting women affected by HIV/AIDS in Kechene slum in Addis Ababa, by providing loans and business training. The project also promotes HIV prevention and reduces stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Reducing malaria in the remote region of Afar, through the distribution of mosquito nets at household level, and community sessions using culturally-specific picture-based educational materials. Reducing waterborne diseases in Kechene slum through the provision of clean water, showers and toilets. Improving health education, awareness and promotion of trachoma prevention practices. NGO: CARE Ethiopia PROJECTS: BIRHANE; SCOPE ISSUES: various including girls education and maternal and infant health WEBSITE: http://www.care.org/careswork/countryprofiles/56.asp SUMMARY: CARE is an international NGO working on a range of development issues in over 80 countries including Ethiopia, Sierre Leone, Ghana, Malawi and Tanzania. CARE’s Sexual Reproductive Health programme focuses on addressing the underlying causes of poor reproductive health, and maternal and child health. CARE is working on social change to promote healthy practices including: immunization; adolescent reproductive health; prevention of malaria; family planning; early health seeking behaviours; and community based health insurance through a number of Sexual Reproductive Health projects such as the Health Finance Reform project, Communication for Change, Result Initiative and other Health related projects. Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 3 of 13 CARE Ethiopia’s three year project BIRHANEi (Building Improved Reproductive Health of Adolescent Girls through Networking and Economic Empowerment) aims to enhance the economic and Sexual Reproductive Health status of 8,000 girls aged 10 - 19 in South Gondar Zone by tackling issues such as early forced marriages and female genital cutting. The phases of the project are: 1. Year 1 (Exploration and Adaptation): Working with girls and partners, the project explores the current context: existing practices; dynamics; support systems. Informed with this understanding, CARE will work with stakeholders to design new and/or adapt existing economic models and SRH services to be girl-friendly. 2. Year 2 (Scale-up): Focus is on scale-up by expanding coverage, assessing progress and documenting and sharing lessons to ensure replication of successful results. 3. Year 3 (Consolidating Lessons and Advocating for Institutional Change): Implementation of activities will continue while lessons are consolidated and sustainability is strengthened by institutionalizing activities within the work of government, local NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs). CARE Ethiopia is also working towards achieving universal primary education in Ethiopia by 2015. A project called SCOPEii (Strengthening Communities through Partnerships for Education) has been set up to develop, deliver, and evaluate a comprehensive programme to build the capacity of schools, communities and local government to partner in identifying and effectively addressing barriers to improved access, quality and equity in primary education. Working with school personnel, community members, local government leaders, and NGO representatives, SCOPE pays special attention to children in disadvantaged circumstances, such as pastoralists in remote, difficult to reach areas; and girls, who still face numerous socio-cultural and economic obstacles in gaining access to schooling. NGO: DICAC (Development and Inter-Church Aid Commission) ISSUES: poverty reduction; HIV/AIDS; emergency relief WEBSITE: http://www.ethotc.org/dicac/eoc/ SUMMARY: DICAC is a faith based organisation which aims to assist disadvantaged and marginalised communities to attain self-reliance by tackling the root causes and effects of poverty, drought, and HIV/AIDS. It is the development wing of the church and the oldest Faith Based Organisation in Ethiopia, addressing the needs of communities irrespective of religion or ethnic origin. Operating throughout the country, DICAC’s work includes: providing emergency response in time of war and drought rehabilitation of war and drought victims undertaking integrated rural development programmes, mainly consisting of food security, education, water supply, sanitation and health supporting women and girls to secure their economic, social, political and cultural rights advocacy on issues such as addressing harmful and wasteful traditional practices Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 4 of 13 DICACiii’s HIV/AIDS programme involves training Ethiopian clergy and Sunday School youth and lay persons to conduct education programmes that promote abstinence before marriage, faithfulness in marriage, and the reduction of stigma and discrimination towards those with HIV/AIDS. Mini-media promotions and gatherings including public rallies featuring clergy members aim to raise awareness. DICAC also provides practical assistance to people living with the disease and orphans and vulnerable children who are affected, and preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS through mass education, one-on-one counselling and small group discussions. NGO: EGLDAM (Ye Ethiopia Goji Limadawi Dirgitoch Aswogaj Mahiber) ISSUE: eradicating harmful traditional practices WEBSITE: http://www.egldam-fgm.net/ SUMMARY: EGLDAM works to promote beneficial traditional practices and eradicate harmful traditional practices including: Female Genital Mutilation; early marriage; marriage by abduction; uvulectomy; milk teeth extraction and other skin cutting activities. EGLDAM (formerly the NCTPE, the National Committee on Traditional Practices) does this by running education campaigns targeting different segments of society such as policy makers, opinion leaders and young people. The aim is to increase awareness throughout society about the negative effects of harmful traditional practices thus bringing about their cessation. EGLDAM also coordinates a network of organisations in Ethiopia striving towards the eradication of harmful traditional practices. Work carried out by EGLDAM involves: training target groups including: health workers; women; youth; community and religious leaders; Traditional Birth Attendants; agricultural extension agents; teachers; traditional practitioners; and local government representatives; trainees are expected to disseminate information at the grass roots levels using their own infrastructure and programs. sensitizations activities are carried out in schools leaflets, posters and video films are produced in different local languages and distributed across the regions to be used during grassroots information and training campaigns. reference materials are produced and distributed to various institutions such as health facilities and schools EGLDAM also runs mass media campaigns incorporating multi-faceted electronic and print media Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 5 of 13 NGO: Ethiopian Midwives Association ISSUE: maternal and infant health WEBSITE: http://www.ethiopianmidwives.org/ SUMMARY: The Ethiopian Midwives Association (EMA) is a member of the International Council of Midwives (ICM) and carries out activities that benefit midwives and communities at grassroots level. Intervention areas include: promotion of safe and clean delivery prevention of obstetric complications promoting family planning methods assuring women’s reproductive health rights prevention of harmful traditional practices EMA is registered under the new civil society organization law and has more than 870 members. Current projects include: Improving Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Early Marriage Training on Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) for Health professionals Providing In-Service and Pre-Service Training for Midwife Students Strengthening the Capacity of Ethiopian Midwives Association offices NGO: Jhpiego ISSUE: health, particularly reproductive health and maternal and infant mortality WEBSITE: http://www.jhpiego.org/en/content/ethiopia SUMMARY: Jhpiego is an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University and was established to make physicians, nurses and administrators from developing countries aware of reproductive health breakthroughs. Now a leader in reproductive health training, Jhpiego has field offices in more than 30 countries worldwide, including: Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi , Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Tanzania. In addition to family planning and reproductive health, Jhpiego has expertise in maternal and child health, infection prevention and control, HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases. It also addresses reproductive health policy and guidelines and supports health systems strengthening. Their work focuses on an expanding the range of critical technical interventions and drawing on their clinical expertise in obstetrics/gynaecology, midwifery and newborn health. Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 6 of 13 Jhpiego continues to expand its partnerships in Ethiopia to build the capacity of local institutions, including the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and the Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office. It works with a diverse funding base to support the FMOH and other partners to address the dual challenges of HIV/AIDS and maternal and newborn mortality through the following programs: Strengthening facility-based provision of basic essential and emergency obstetric and newborn care in collaboration with the Ethiopian Midwifery Association and with funding from UNICEF Reducing maternal mortality under the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program, funded by USAID Providing technical support in HIV treatment, care and prevention as a sub-partner to Johns Hopkins University under the CDC-funded Technical Support for the Ethiopian HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy Initiative Strengthening facility-based provision of essential maternal and newborn care as a partner to Pathfinder International under the USAID-funded Integrated Family Health Program Strengthening the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia’s sexual and reproductive health clinics and youth centres to deliver training in selected services for HIV and sexually transmitted infections Strengthening HIV/AIDS prevention within the Ethiopian National Defense Force with funding from the U.S. Department of Defense Strengthening Human Resources for Health through Continuing Education of Health Workers, funded by CDC NGO: Lambadina Institute Health and Development Communication ISSUE: health WEBSITE: http://www.lambadina.org/ SUMMARY: Lambadina Institute Health and Development Communication is a non-profit making, non-partisan media-based organization which aims to provide timely and accurate health and development information to Ethiopian citizens, particularly the youth, through media communication advocating positive individual and social behavioural change. This includes providing relevant health and development information to adolescents and sexually active individuals using media and interpersonal communications. Previous activities have involved: the publication and distribution of over a million copies of Lambadina Youth Newspaper, covering HIV/AIDS, Sexuality and Sexual Reproductive Health the Lambapop Quarterly Magazine on Population and Development for parliamentarians and other decision makers over 250,000 copies of IEC/BCC messages on unsafe abortion as insertion on Lambadina plans to set up Lambadina Junior (with joint support from UNICEF and UNFPA) on Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Education. Lambadina’s youth magazine is available to download from their website http://www.lambadina.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57&Itemid=54 Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 here: Page 7 of 13 NGO: ISSUES: Panos Ethiopia various including reproductive health; family planning; gender-based violence; HIV/AIDS http://panosethiopia-hrc.org/about_panos.html WEBSITE: SUMMARY: Panos Ethiopia is an international NGO and country office for Panos Eastern Africa (which is located in Kampala, Uganda). Panos Ethiopia seeks to address the information needs of the poor and marginalized, create media visibility of their concerns and inform policy in environment, health and food security. Panos Ethiopia is particularly geared towards doing communications work around health and HIV/AIDS. It aims to demystify health research and to facilitate the passing of information to media professionals in order to increase public awareness and understanding. It also provides reproductive health, family planning, gender-based violence forums and trainings on life skills and saving to women who come for micro-loans (Panos staff member and Paediatric Doctor Abonesh HaileMariam was previously a Programme Officer for Family Health and Population at the WHO). NGO: Pathfinder International PROJECTS: various ISSUES: reproductive planning and health; HIV/AIDS; women and girls empowerment WEBSITE: http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Programs_Ethiopia SUMMARY: Pathfinder International is a global NGO that focuses on reproductive health, family planning, HIV/AIDS prevention and care, and women and girls empowerment. Pathfinder works in over twenty countries including Tanzania, Ethiopia, Ghana and Nigeria. Pathfinder projects in Ethiopia include: Integrated Family Health Program: A USAID-funded program that supports the efforts of the Government of Ethiopia to improve family planning/reproductive health services and maternal and child health in four regions of the country. HIV/AIDS Care and Family Planning/Reproductive Health Support: A project working to reduce the spread of STIs and HIV/AIDS and increase access to family planning/reproductive health services and information. Empowerment of Ethiopian Women Project: In this ongoing project Pathfinder works with local partners to improve the health, rights, and social status of adolescent girls and women. Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 8 of 13 Prevention of Cervical Cancer in HIV Positive Women: A five-year initiative to increase access to cervical cancer prevention services among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia. Pathfinder is working with the Ministry of Health to promote education and awareness of cervical cancer. Community Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission: In this initiative, Pathfinder serves as a technical subcontractor to IntraHealth to increase the use of prevention of mother-tochild transmission services through the creation of a community-based, integrated model that is tailored to the Ethiopian context. Support for Fistula Repair Services: Pathfinder supports surgical repair services for women suffering from obstetric fistula which includes paying for their transportation, diagnostic testing, and essential personal items. Safe Abortion Services in Ethiopia: A project to improve access to quality abortion and post abortion care services in Ethiopia. The initiative coincided with the revision of the Ethiopian National Legal Code on abortion to accommodate improved reproductive health rights of adolescent and adult women. Youth-Friendly Postabortion Care: A one-year project addressing unsafe abortion among adolescent women in Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda. Access to Family Planning through the Private Sector: A project that worked from 2002-2006 to increase affordable and sustainable access to reproductive health and planning services through the private, for-profit sector. The Carter Center Accelerated Health Officer Training Program: A project that oversaw the renovation of 17 training hospitals in support of the Carter Center's effort to improve the quality of university-level health science education in Ethiopia. Ethiopia: Family Planning and Reproductive Health Services: Partnering with government institutions, faith-based organizations, and nearly 50 local NGOs to bring reproductive health and family planning services to some of Ethiopia’s most isolated rural areas; developing curriculums and conducts trainings to improve the skills of local service providers. NGO: Population Media Center PROJECT: Mieraf (New Beginning) Radio Drama WEBSITE: http://www.populationmedia.org/where/ethiopia/mieraf/ SUMMARY: Population Media Center (PMC) is a US based NGO which works worldwide using entertainmenteducation for social change. PMC’s programmes encourage positive behavior change among audiences, and include addressing population and reproductive health issues. Countries they work in include Ethiopia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Broadcasting from June 2010 through December 2011 in Ethiopia, Mieraf (New Beginning in Amharic) was a serial radio drama designed to promote the importance of health extension workers and encourage people to use their services, while also raising awareness of health issues, including Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 9 of 13 maternal and child health, use of family planning, malaria prevention, HIV/AIDS prevention, and hygiene and sanitation. Produced by the PMC, the drama airs twice weekly and is followed by discussion and interactions with health extension workers. Each broadcast is divided into two segments. The first segment is an entertainment-education radio drama, while the second segment comprises discussion and interactions with health extension workers. According to the PMC, over 30,000 health extension workers in Ethiopia have been trained by the government to help communities deal with basic health issues, such as providing family planning services and assisting with births. However, many people do not utilise these services. The drama was produced to change perceptions and build trust between communities and health extension workers, and to increase awareness and acceptance of their responsibilities. The storyline and characters provide role models and demonstrate the valuable role health workers can play in improving overall health. The storyline focuses on Hibist, a 21-year-old girl living with her family in a rural village in Ethiopia. With very traditional parents, she struggles to find her place among her three brothers and to overcome the challenges of being female in a male-dominated society. Despite the criticism she endures from all sides, Hibist completes her 10-year education and joins the Health Extension Worker Program, determined to find a way to improve the health of her family and community. Throughout the course of the drama, Hibist is confronted with numerous challenges – her relationship with her fiancé hangs in a delicate balance, she must survive the temptations of drugs and alcohol, and deal with a malaria outbreak in her village. Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 10 of 13 EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN COUNTRIES NGO: Mediae PROJECT: Snippet on CBC; Makutano Junction COUNTRIES: Kenya, Tanzania ISSUE: HIV/AIDS & TB WEBSITE: http://www.mediae.org/ SUMMARY: Snippet on CBC is produced by Mediaeiv, a development-focused media organisation in Kenya, for the Ministry of Health and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This multi-media communication campaign was designed to promote cross-testing for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in Kenya amongst those with TB and/or HIV and their families. The campaign, which was initiated in 2009, used television, radio, text messages (short message service, or SMS) and print. Target audiences included health care workers, as well as HIV and TB patients, their families and the broader public. For health care workers, the goal of the project was to counter stigma and promote awareness of their own HIV status in order to encourage them to look after their own health and improve their communication skills. For HIV and TB patients, families, and the general public, the initiative was designed to improve awareness of the relationship between HIV and TB. Mediae was commissioned to research, design, and deliver the campaign, and the following materials were produced: A 4-episode storyline on Makutano Junction, Mediae's weekly television drama series. A health worker faces up to her own positive HIV status, confronting stigma and discrimination, and, in doing, so improves her and her colleagues' professional and communication skills. A comic-style leaflet featuring key messages and contacts, available via a free SMS number promoted on Makutano Junction. 12 weeks of dedicated radio programmes on Metro FM (Nairobi-based, broadcasting in English and KiSwahili) and Lake Victoria FM (Nyanza based, broadcasting in DhuLuo) featuring drama, vox pops, call-in slots, and expert discussion. A DVD-led discussion tool for awareness-raising sessions for health care workers held within health facilities in Nairobi and Nyanza provinces in Kenya. The DVD-led training aims to offer an instant catalyst to deep discussion, reflection, and consensus on change in complex training projects. The DVD uses clips from Makutano Junction and additional scenes scripted specifically for training. These lead into documentary interviews with professional health workers talking about their experiences of HIV stigma, discrimination, testing, and disclosure. The final chapter focuses on improved communication and counselling skills. A handbook on stigma and discrimination, drawing on clips, quotes, and key reminders from the DVD-led discussion. Makutano Junctiovn is a weekly drama series set in a typical peri-urban East African town. The drama follows the lives, loves, frustrations and successes of a small African community living in a context and a manner familiar to tens of millions of people on the continent. Makutano Junction has a regular audience in Kenya of over 6.5 million viewers, together with viewers in other countries. Mediae’s team of East African writers and film-makers craft the series as a carefully Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 11 of 13 balanced drama and popular development communications tool, so that viewers are attracted by the gripping, high quality entertainment each week and doubly rewarded with relevant and practical information Through the carefully written script and a cast of familiar characters, Makutano Junction models real-life dramas and dilemmas as well as their solutions. It highlights basic rights and injustices while demonstrating remedies and best practices. The results are loyal weekly audiences of multiple millions across Africa. The Makutano Junction communications model is adapted from well-established two-step mass communications social-change theories. An important part of this is Makutano’s unique interactive mobile SMS/Text interface. Together with the website www.makutanojunction.org.uk this enables thousands of viewers to obtain detailed follow-up information about key development issues tackled each week and ask personal questions of experts. Research shows that Makutano’s interactive and participatory elements significantly deepen the project’s impact. NGO: Well Told Storyvi and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs (JHU•CCP) Shujaaz.FM Kenya family planning http://wts.co.ke/index.php PROJECT: COUNTRY: ISSUE: WEBSITE: SUMMARY: Well Told Story, a communication, design and consulting firm based in Kenya, is working with JHU∙CCP (Centre for Communication Programs, John Hopkins Universityvii) on using mass communication to make family planning a societal norm for sexually active youth. Well Told Story has been nominated for an International Digital Emmy Award (a first for Kenya) for Shujaaz.FM, a multi-media communications project which was designed to inspire young Kenyans to take action to improve their lives and engage with urgent issues that shape their future. CCP assisted Well Told Story to develop the content for the Shujaaz.FM campaign. Shujaaz.FM (which translates to “Heroes” in Sheng, Kenya’s youth slang which combines Swahili and English) is a campaign to reach Kenya’s 27 million youth with ideas and opportunities that help young. The multiple components of the campaign include a color comic book that is distributed monthly, community radio shows, Facebook page and an SMS platform. Chakruok was a 24 x 20min radio drama and weekly discussion show, was designed, created and distributed by Well Told Story for the Population Council and USAID. The radio series was accompanied by illustrated leaflets, SMS, social media and Community Health Worker (CHW) activities all aimed at expanding access to integrated Reproductive Health and Family Planning and HIV services for married adolescent girls in Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 12 of 13 rural Nyanza. Married adolescent girls in Nyanza Province are usually out of school, beyond the reach of most formal communications systems, and strongly influenced by their traditional context. Chakruok was recorded in Nyanza in Dholuo language and was designed to draw the wider Luo community into a conversation about girls, gender, sexuality and health. i CARE Ethiopia http://www.care.org.et/ProjectDetail.aspx?id=29 CARE Ethiopia http://www.care.org/careswork/projects/eth049.asp iii DICAC http://www.iocc.org/countries/countries_ethiopia.aspx iv The Mediae Company and Mediae Trust builds local capacity, working alongside local writers, actors, researchers, NGOs, Government institutions and international donors to develop communication strategies, training inputs and media productions that are top quality, appropriate, relevant and sustainable. They have an office in Nairobi, headed by media development specialist David Campbell, OBE. The other office is in Oxfordshire, UK and is run by Kate Lloyd Morgan. v Mediae http://www.mediae.org/makutano_junction vi JHU∙CCP http://www.jhuccp.org/news/emmy-nomination-jhu%E2%88%99ccp-partner-represents-firstnomination-kenya%E2%80%99s-history vii Centre for Communication Program http://www.jhuccp.org/news/emmy-nomination-jhu%E2%88%99ccppartner-represents-first-nomination-kenya%E2%80%99s-history ii Ethiopia, 29/03/2012 Page 13 of 13