51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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1-Which system would provide maximum sensitivity for detection of fatigue cracks in an
aircraft wheel?
a.A water washable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 1, with dry developer
b.A visible solvent removable penetrant with dry developer
c.A post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 2, with dry developer
d.A post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 4, with non aqueous wet developer
2- Aluminium alloy test specimens that have been tested by the liquid penetrant method
should be thoroughly cleaned after testing because?
a.The acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion
b .The alkaline content of wet developers and most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, .
particularly in moist atmospheres
c.The toxic residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of paint on aluminium alloys
d.A chemical reaction between the penetrant and aluminium could cause a fire because of internal .
combustion
3-Which of the following is a recommended method of application of lipophilic
emulsiflers?
a.Immerse the part then drain for one minute before water rinsing
b.Immerse the part for two minutes then commence water rinsing
c.Brush the emulsifier on all urfaces then allow to drain for one minute
d.Immerse the part for 15 minutes then allow to drain for 15 minutes before water rinsing
4-An overhaul facifity regularly penetrant tests aluminium alloy aircraft wheels from
service in order to detect fatigue cracks. Which of the following would be the most
?efficient final cleaning process before penetrant testing
a.acid etching
b. vapour degreasing
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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c.solvent cleaning using white spirit
d.solvent cleaning using aerosol spray cans
5- The emulsifier is used?
a.To wash the penetrant out of discontinuities
b.As an aid in washing off the surface of parts when using either the water or oil soluble penetrants
c.To emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water-washable
d.To preclean parts before applying penetrant
?Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications 6a.Excessive washing
b.Inadequate application of developers
c.Penetrant or part too cold during penetration time
d.Lint or dirt
7-Developing powder should always he?
a.Highly fluorescent
b.Applied wet
c.Colorless
d.Evenly applied
8-Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type
of penetrant to be used in a penetrant test?
a.Removal characteristics of the penetrant.
b.The flash point of the penetrant.
c.The cost of the penetrant.
d. All of the above.
9-Tests for penetrant sensitivity may best be conducted using?
a. cracked chromium-plated specimens
b.chemical analysis
c.fluorescence measurements
d.measurements of dye content
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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10-Which of the following penetrant inspection processes is generally agreed to be the
most sensitive and reliable?
a. Water-washable fluorescent penetrant with a water suspended developer.
b.Post-emulsifiable colour-contrast penetrant with a non-aqueous wet developer.
c.Post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant with a non-aqueous wet developer.
d.Solvent-removable fluorescent penetrant with a dry developer.
11-Electrostatic application of penetrant materials is preferred because?
a.of the reduced risk of pollution
b.there is no progressive contamination of solutions
c.there is reduced dragout losses
d.all of the above
12-When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could
be indicative of?
a. Fatigue cracks.
b.Porosity.
c.Weld laps.
d.Hot tears.
13-Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what
makes material a good penetrant?
a. Viscosity.
b.Surface tension.
c.Wetting ability.
d.No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant.
14-The emulsifier in the post-emulsifiable penetrant method?
a. provides a coating to which the developer can adhere
b.aids penetration into tight cracks
c.aids post-cleaning of the part
d.renders surface penetrant water-washable
15-The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsification penetrant method is to?
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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a. More rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks.
b.React with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water washable.
c.Add fluorescent dye or pigmet to the penetrant.
d.Provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere.
16-The part is an aluminium forging. Description - the indication is sharp, half-moon
shape, not deep, and is called a?
a. Lap.
b.Centre line porosity.
c.Heat-treat crack.
d.False indication.
17-An NDT procedure specifies a minimum penetrant dwell period of 30 minutes. What
dwell period should be used if the component was to be inspected at a temperature of 5
degrees Celsius?
a. 51minutes
b. Dwell time should be based on manufacturers recommendations.
c. 06 minutes
d. Penetrant inspection should not be cathed out at these temperatures.
18-Which discontinuities are more dangerous?
a.Gas pores in a weld.
b.Subsurface shrinkage.
c.Surface breaking fatigue cracks
d.Surface breaking porosity.
19-Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?
a. Shrinkage cracks.
b.Laps.
c.Cold shuts.
d.Insufficient penetration.
20-Which penetrant test materials should be highly volatile?
a.solvent pre-cleaner and penetrant
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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b.solvent pre-cleaner and the liquid in non-aqueous wet developef
c.solvent removers and emulsifiers
d.emulsifiers remover and the liquid in non-aqueous wet developer
21-A commonly-used method of checking the overall performance of a penetrant system
is?
a.Determining the viscosity of the penetrant.
b.Measuring the wetabiity of the penetrant.
c.Comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens.
d.All of the above.
22-Which of the following is not good practice when penetrant testing?
a.Applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier.
b.Applying developer by spraying the part with developer.
c.Removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray.
d.Applying emulsifier with a brush.
23-Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock?
a. Blow holes.
b. Shrinkage laps.
c.Cracks or seams.
d. Insufficient penetration.
24-Which of the following is a purpose of the drying process used in penetrant testing?
a.The drying proceslis used to assure that all excess penetrant will evaporate
b. The drying process assures the uniform drying of dry developer applied over a wet emulsifier.
c. The drying process reduces penetration time.
d. After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer
coating.
25-The ability to visually identify a discontinuity using liquid penetrant depends upon?
a. the penetrant method being used
b.the amount of bleed-out from the discontinuity
c.the width of the discontinuity
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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d.the amount of penetrant used
26-Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding
the?
a. Post-cleaning process.
b.Emulsification process.
c.Bleed-out process.
d.Drying process.
27-Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant?
a. Acid.
b.Water.
c.Salts.
d.All of the above
28-Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as an inherent discontinuity
often found in cast material?
a. Fatigue crack.
b.Stress-corrosion crack.
c.Porosity.
d.Lack of penetration.
29-Which of the following is TRUE when solvent precleaners are used prior to penetrant
inspection?
a.Penetrant should be applied to the surface immediately after precleaning.
b. The inspector should wait for a few minutes after precleaning before applying penetrant.
c.Penetrant may be applied either immediately after precleaning, or after an interval of time,
provided the surface is not allowed
d.After precleaning, the part should be checked for fluorescence using black light, after which the
developer is applied.
30-When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant
one method listed below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test
results?
a.Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 275 kPa (40 psi) pressure.
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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b.Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth.
c.Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths.
d.Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with
dry cloth.
31-The factor that has the greatest effect on the speed at which a penetrant indication
forms is?
a. relative size of defect
b.type of material tested
c.type of penetrant used
d.all of the above
32-Emulsifier time?
a. Is important but not normally critical.
b.Is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface- .
c.Is extremely important and will greatly affect test results.
d.Should be as long as economically practical.
33-Cast grey iron would be inspected using what inspection technique?
a. dual sensitivity penetrant
b.solvent removable
c.post-emulsifiable
d.water washable
34-Sensitiviy of the inspection may be reduced with water-washable fluorescent penetrant
by?
a.over washing
b.light leaks
c.over developing
d. All of the above
35-Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface
of a part to be penetrant tested is not true?
a.The contaminant may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant and reduces the fluorescence
or colour of the penetrant.
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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b.The contaminants may be of such a nature that they reduce or even prevent capillary action by
the penetrant.
c.The contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection.
d.The contaminant may completely fill the crack preventing the entry of penetrant.
36-Which of the following discontinuities would be impossible to detect using a liquid
penetrant test?
a.Forging lap.
b.Crater crack.
c.Grinding cracks.
d. Non-metallic internal inclusions.
38-The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to?
a. the specific gravity of th penetrant
b. cohesive forces of the penetrant
c. leakage fields
d. capillarity
38-Shrinkage cracks or hot tears are usually found in what areas of a casting?
a.Thin sections only.
b.Heavy sections only.
c.Abrupt changes in thickness.
d. No longer a problem.
39-A penetrant indication, suspected of resulting from a small crack, is found in a titanium
compressor blade. Which of the following NDT methods would most reliably confirm that
a crack is present?
a eddy cunent testing
b. magnetic particle testing
c. radiographic testing
d. ultrasonic testing
40-The part is a 12.5 mm (1/2) thick aluminium plate with a Vee weld. Description - the
indication appears in an area that is somewhat dish-shaped. The indication extends out
from the centre in a spoke formation. The indication is?
a. Shrinkage.
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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b.Non-relevant.
c.A quench crack.
d.A crater crack.
41-Prior to penetrant testing of a soft metal part, which of the following cleaning methods
would best remove any smeared metal?
a.etching
b.shot peening
c.detergent cleaning
d.vapour degreasing
42-The flash point of a fluorescent penetrant is?
a. The minimum black light intensity which causes the penetrant to fluoresce
b. an indication shown by castings and forgings at the Junction of the two halves of the mould or die
c. the temperature at which the penetrant becomes flammable
d. the temperature at which sufficient flammable vapour is given off by the penetrant to form an
explosive mixture
43-What is the most common purpose of non-destructive testing?
a.to find cracks
b.to find discontinuities which may be haimful to the service of the part
c.to find all discontinuities
d. to find indications
44-Which of the following is TRUE concerning vapour degreasing prior to penetrant
inspection?
a.Vapour degreasing is a commonly used cleaning method.
b.Parts should be allowed to cool prior to application of penetrant.
c. Wet parts need not be dried prior to vapour degreasing because the hot vapour will dry the parts.
d. After parts have been vapour degreased they should be given a final solvent preclean prior to
penetrant inspection.
45 -Which of the following statements concerning developers is NOT true?
a.Non-aqueous wet developers are recommended for use with water-washable colour-contrast
penetrants.
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51‫پالک‬-‫متری خیابان سعدی‬51-‫خیابان امیر کبیر‬-‫نرسیده به هتل مرمر‬-‫ولیعصر جنوبی‬-‫تبریز‬:‫شرکت آذر آتا‬
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b.Water-suspended developers are recommended for use with post-emulsifiable colour-contrast
penetrants.
c. Water-soluble developers are recommended for use with post-emulsifiable colour-contrast
penetrants.
d. Dry developers are recommended for use with water-washable fluorescent penetrants.
46-An important difference between non-water-washable penetrants and waterwashable penetrants is that?
a.Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier, while non-water-washable penetrants do not.
b.The viscosity of the two penetrants is different.
c.The color of the two penetrants is different.
d. Non-water-washable penetrants are more easily removed than water-washable penetrants.
47-Which of the statements below apply to the liquid penetrant method of testing?
a.The penetrant test method is less flexible than the eddy current test method.
b.The penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle method for finding surface
defects in aluminium alloy whee
c.The penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks.
d. The penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect
minute surface discontinuities.
48-Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe methods over water washing?
a.No special lighting is necessary during inspection.
b. They provide a quicker penetration of small openings.
c. Small indications are more easily seen.
d. They can easily be carried out in the field/remote areas.
49-Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate stock?
a.Shrinkage cracks.
b. Inclusions.
c. Forginglaps.
d. Blow holes.
50- The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be?
a.A dotted or smooth continuous line.
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‫شرکت آذر آتا‪:‬تبریز‪-‬ولیعصر جنوبی‪-‬نرسیده به هتل مرمر‪-‬خیابان امیر کبیر‪51-‬متری خیابان سعدی‪-‬پالک‪51‬‬
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‫‪b. A cluster of small indications.‬‬
‫‪c. A rough deep indication.‬‬
‫‪d. A large bulbous indication.‬‬
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