OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2011
Name of disease (or topic) for
which you are a designated OIE
Reference Laboratory:
Address of laboratory:
Salmonella
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)
P.O.Box 330013
D 14191 Berlin
GERMANY
Tel.:
+49 8412 2212
Fax:
+49 8412 2952
e-mail address:
website:
President
Head of the Department
‘Biological Safety’
Name (including Title and
Position) of Head of Laboratory
(Responsible Official):
Name(including Title and
Position) of OIE Reference
Expert:
Matthias.Hartung@bfr.bund.de
http://www.bfr.bund.de
Prof. Dr Dr A. Hensel
Prof. Dr B. Appel
Dr Reiner Helmuth
Dr Matthias Hartung
Name (including Title and
Position) of writer of this report
(if different from above):
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
1
Salmonellosis
Part I: Summary of general activities related to the disease
The OIE Reference Laboratory is part of the BfR-unit ‘Epidemiology and Zoonoses’. The unit is responsible for the
national monitoring and reporting on salmonella and other zoonotic agents. These activities involve active monitoring
programms, control programmes as well as collection of data reported by the Federal ‘Länder’. The evaluated data are
used to prepare the German report on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in foodstuffs, animals and
feedingstuffs including information on foodborne outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents recorded
during the previous year according to the EU-Zoonoses directive (2003/99/EC).
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease/topic at your laboratory
The National Veterinary Reference Laboratory for Salmonella (NRL-Salm) types Salmonella isolations from
animals, food, feed and the environment. The isolates are received from governmental institutions, universities,
private companies, veterinarians etc. from all 16 Federal ‘Länder’ in Germany.
2.
Test
For
Specificity
Total
Slide agglutination
Antigens Salmonella
Serotype
3743
Phage typing
S. Typhimurium
S. Enteritidis
S. Virchow
S. Hadar
S. Paratyphi B dTart. +
Phage type
Phage type
Phage type
Phage type
Phage type
1212
255
0
0
57
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Resistance (Salmonella)
Resistance pattern
3321
PCR detection
Salmonella
Genus
71
PCR
Salmonella enterica
d-tartrate fermentation
67
Plasmid Profiling
Salmonella
Plasmid pattern
0
PFGE
Salmonella
PFGE pattern
15
Ribotyping
Salmonella
Ribo pattern
0
MLVA
Enteritidis/Typhimurium
Allel no.
24
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
The BfR produces diagnostic reagents for biochemical diagnosis and differentiation of Salmonella spp. They were
used in our own laboratory only.
Part II: Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
a)
Establishment and maintenance of a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories
designated for the same pathogen or disease and organisation of regular inter-laboratory
proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
See details under paragraph 12.
2
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Salmonellosis
b)
Organisation of inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE
Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of
results
The NRL-Salm participates on ring-trials organised from the EURL Salmomnella in Bilthoven. See details
under paragraph 12.
4.
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
None
5.
6.
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
Nr.
Designation of method
1
Real-time PCR for differentiation of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovars
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
The unit ‘Epidemiology and Zoonoses’ is collecting the results of import control of feeding stuffs as part of the
national zoonoses surveillance on food, animals and feeding stuffs regarding Salmonella detections. This
information is summarised in the annual German report on the trend and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic
infections and submitted to the European Commission according to EU-Zoonoses directive (2003/99/EC) (cf.
http://www.bfr.bund.de/ cd/299).
Since 2008, control programmes are implemented on the basis of Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003. Details are
described in Regulations (EU) No 200/2010, 517/2011, 646/2007 and 517/2011. These control activities involve
regular testing of flocks of breeding hens, laying hens, broiler flocks, breeding turkey and fattening turkeys. Faecal
samples are collected and investigated by ISO 6579 Annex D.
In addition, monitoring programs along the food chain involving sampling at slaughterhouses and at retail level are
established. The aim of these studies is to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella and to use isolates for
antimicrobial resistance testing.
7.
Maintenance of a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant to the
pathogen and the disease concerned
The NRL-Salm is accredited according to ISO 17025 for the determination of Salmonella.
8.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Member Countries
None
9.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Member Countries
None
10. Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Member Countries
None
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
3
Salmonellosis
11. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
None
12. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
The NRL-Salm has participated on the following ring-trials. They were organized by the CRL-Salm (Bilthoven,
The Netherlands) within the frame of quality control studies of National Salmonella Reference Laboratories.
Time
Ring-trial
Organisation
Detection of
Matrix
28.02.2011
Salmonella detection
in feces
EURL Salmonella
Bilthoven
Salmonella
faeces
26/09/2011
Salmonella detection
in food
EURL-Salm Bilthoven
Salmonella
(Cultural and PCR)
food
14/11/2011
Serotyping and phage
CRL-Salm Bilthoven
typing
Salmonella serovars
and phage types
Bacterial culture
04.11.2011
Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing
CRL-AR DTU
Copenhagen
Salmonella
Bacterial culture
03.11.2011
MLVA
Statens Serum Institute
Salmonella
Bacterial Culture
The NRL-Salm achieved in all ring-trials excellent performance.
13. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
Talks
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
4
Beutlich, J., Hammerl, J., Thomas, K., Schroeter A., Guerra-Roman, B. and Helmuth, R. 2011. pSGI15, a
qnrB19-ColE-plasmid, more ubiquitous than we thought? In: MedVetNet Association International
Conference on Zoonoses 2011, London.
Beutlich, J., Hammerl, J., Thomas, K., Schroeter A., Guerra-Roman, B. and Helmuth, R. 2011. Kleines
Plasmid ganz groß - Neues zur Fluorchinolon Resistenz. In: BfR Abteilung 4 Kolloquium, Berlin.
Guerra, B., Tenhagen, B.-A., Fetsch, A., Kuhn, M. and Burgdorf, T. 2011. EMIDA ERA-Net. Experience of
the RTD Community: Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) and Congen Biotechnology GmbH. In:
Implementing ERA-NETs, Berlin.
Guerra, B., Beutlich, J., García, P., Herrero, A., Junker, E., Rodríguez, I., Helmuth, R., Rodicio, M.R. and
Mendoza, M.C. 2011. Plasmid Evolution: Hybrid-Virulenz-Resistenz Plasmide in Salmonella. In: BfR
Abteilung 4 Kolloquium, Berlin.
Guerra, B., Rodríguez, I., Fischer, J., de Toro, M., Schroeter, A., Appel, B., Helmuth, R. and Kaesbohrer, A.
2011. Current situation regarding ESBLs and p-ampC prodcuing Enterobacteriaceae in broiler prodcution
and broiler meat in Germany. In: ESBLs/AmpC in broiler production and broiler meat, Uppsala, Schweden.
Malorny, B., Krämer, N., Vigre, H., Hoorfar, J. and Löfström, C. 2011. A novel strategy to obtain
quantitative data for modelling: Combined enrichment and real-time PCR for enumeration of salmonellae
from pig carcasses. In: SafePork Conference, La Bonbonnière, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Malorny, B. 2011. Gefahrenidentifizierung von Salmonella in der Lebensmittelkette. In: 9. Statustreffen FBIZoo, Weiterbildungszentrum "Veterinarium Progressum", Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland.
Tenhagen, B.-A., Käsbohrer, A., Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung der EU-Salmonellen-Verordnung bei
Legehennen und Masthühnern, DLG Geflügeltagung, Celle, 22.02.2011
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Salmonellosis
o
Tenhagen, B.-A., Käsbohrer, A., Helmuth, R., Heckenbach, K., Dorn, C., Appel, B., Schroeter, A.,
Salmonella in pigs and pork and their antimicrobial resistance- 10 years of surveillance in Germany, Safe
Pork Conference, Maastricht, 19.06.2011 - 22.06.2011
Tenhagen, B.-A., Käsbohrer, A., Dorn, C., Helmuth, R., Heckenbach, K., Schroeter, A., Antimicrobial
Resistance in Salmonella from Chicken and Broiler Meat: 10 years of surveillance, XVth ISAH Congress
2011, Wien, 03.07.2011 - 07.07.2011
o
Posters
1.
2.
3.
4.

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Guerra, B., Thomas, K., Beutlich, J., Jahn, S., Cavaco, L., Veldman, K., Helmuth, R. and Schroeter A. 2010.
Turkey meat as a source of determinants conferring plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR9 in
Salmonella). In: 21st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ECCMID, Milan,
Italy.
Tenhagen, B.-A, Hensel, Appel, B., Hartung, M., Käsbohrer, A., Salmonella in pork - Lessons to be learned
from Salmonella control in poultry, Safe Pork Conference, Maastricht, 19.06.2011 - 22.06.2011
Szabo, I., Brom, M., Schafft, H., Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M. and Helmuth, R. 2011. Ringversuch zu
Salmonellen in Futtermittel - Durchführung und Ergebnisse. In: VDLUFA Longress, Speyer.
Toboldt, A., Tietzte, E. and Malorny, B. 2011. Infection of humans with Salmonella enterica serovar
Paratyphi B (dT+) is mainly caused by reptiles and rarely by poultry. In: National Symposium on Zoonoses
Research 2011, Hotel Steglitz International, Berlin.
Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
Aarts, H.J., Vos, P., Larsson, J.T., van Hoek, A.H., Huehn, S., Weijers, T., Gronlund, H.A. and Malorny, B.
2011. A multiplex ligation detection assay for the characterization of Salmonella enterica strains. Int J Food
Microbiol 145 Suppl 1, S68-S78.
HARTUNG, M. und A. Käsbohrer (2011): Erreger von Zoonosen in Deutschland im Jahr 2010. BfRWissenschaft 1/2011, 237 S., 39 Abb., 99 Tab.
HARTUNG, M. und A. Käsbohrer (2011): Ergebnisse der Zoonosenerhebung 2010 bei Lebensmitteln in
Deutschland. Fleischwirtschaft 12/2011: 101-108
Beutlich, J., Jahn, S., Malorny, B., Hauser, E., Hühn, S., Schroeter A., Rodicio, M.R., Appel, B., Threlfall,
E.J., Mevius, D., Helmuth, R., Guerra-Roman, B. and Med-Vet-Net WP21 Project Group. 2011.
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants in European Salmonella genomic island 1-positive
Salmonella enterica isolates from different origins. Appl Environ Microbiol 77, 5655-5664.
Dieckmann, R. and Malorny, B. 2011. Rapid screening of epidemiologically important Salmonella enterica
subsp. enterica serovars using Whole-Cell MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 77,
4136-4146.
Friedrich, A., Szabo, I., Dorn, C., Schroeter, A., Jaber, M., Berendonk, G., Brom, M., Ledwolorz, J.,
Malorny, B. and Helmuth, R. 2011. [Report on Salmonella isolates received at the German National
Reference Laboratory for Salmonella in the year 2009]. Berl Münch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr 124, 401-410.
Garcia, P., Guerra, B., Bances, M., Mendoza, M.C. and Rodicio, M.R. 2011. IncA/C plasmids mediate
antimicrobial resistance linked to virulence genes in the Spanish clone of the emerging Salmonella enterica
serotype 4,[5],12:i:-. J Antimicrob. Chemother. 66, 543-549.
Grønlund, H., Moen, B., Hoorfar, J., Rådström, P., Malorny, B. and Rudi, K. 2011. Direct detection of
single-nucleotide polymorphisms in bacterial DNA by SNPtrap. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology
41, 166-174.
Grønlund, H., Riber, L., Vigre, H., Löfström, C., Folling, L., Huehn, S., Malorny, B., Rådström, P., Rudi, K.
and Hoorfar, J. 2011. Microarray-based genotyping of Salmonella: Inter-laboratory evaluation of
reproducibility and standardization potential. Int J Food Microbiol 145 Suppl 1, S79-S85.
Hauser, E., Hebner, F., Tietze, E., Helmuth, R., Junker, E., Prager, R., Schroeter, A., Rabsch, W., Fruth, A.
and Malorny, B. 2011. Diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Derby isolated from pig, pork and humans in
Germany. Int J Food Microbiol 151, 141-149.
Hauser, E., Junker, E., Helmuth, R. and Malorny, B. 2011. Different mutations in the oafA gene lead to loss
of O5-antigen expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Appl Microbiol 110, 248-253.
Krämer, N., Löfström, C., Vigre, H., Hoorfar, J., Bunge, C. and Malorny, B. 2011. A novel strategy to obtain
quantitative data for modelling: Combined enrichment and real-time PCR for enumeration of salmonellae
from pig carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 145 Suppl 1, S86-S95.
Malorny, B., Hauser, E. and Dieckman, H. 2011. New approaches in sub-species level Salmonella
classification. In: Salmonella: From genome to function (Porwollik, S., Ed.). Horizon Scientific Press,
Norwich, U.K.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
5
Salmonellosis
o
o
o
o
o

1.
2.
Malorny, B., Bhunia, A., Aarts, H.J.M., Löfström, C. and Hoorfar, J. 2011. Salmonella in pork, beef, poultry,
and egg. In: Rapid detection, characterization, and enumeration of foodborne pathogens (Hoorfar, J., Ed.),
pp. 179-194. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Rodicio, M.R., Herrero, A., Rodríguez, I., García, P., Montero, I., Beutlich, J., Rodicio, R., Guerra, B. and
Mendoza, M.C. 2011. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants by virulence plasmids specific of
non-typhoid serovars of Salmonella enterica. Rev. Med. Microbiol. 22, 55-65.
Rodriguez, I., Jahn, S., Schroeter, A., Malorny, B., Helmuth, R. and Guerra, B. 11 A.D. Extended-spectrum
ß-lactamases in German isolates belonging to the emerging monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
serovar Typhimurium 4, [5],12:i:- European clone. J Antimicrob. Chemother.
Rodriguez, I., Guerra, B., Mendoza, M.C. and Rodicio, M.R. 2011. pUO-SeVR1 is an emergent virulenceresistance complex plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. J Antimicrob. Chemother. 66, 218220.
Veldman, K., Cavaco, L.M., Mevius, D., Battisti, A., Franco, A., Botteldoorn, N., Bruneau, M., PerrinGuyomard, A., Cerny, T., De Frutos, E.C., Guerra, B., Schroeter, A., Gutierrez, M., Hopkins, K.,
Myllyniemi, A.L., Sunde, M., Wasyl, D. and Aarestrup, F.M. 2011. International collaborative study on the
occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated
from animals, humans, food and the environment in 13 European countries. J Antimicrob. Chemother. 66,
1278-1286
Other communications
Rodríguez, I., Thomas, K., Schmoger, S., Baumann, B., Barownick, W., Beutlich, J., Helmuth, R. and
Guerra, B. 2011. Plasmid characterization of ESBLs carrying isolates carried out at the BfR within the
Safefooedera ESBLs Network. In: SAFEFOODERA ESBLs Final Meeting, Lelystadt, Holland.
Rodríguez, I., Thomas, K., Schmoger, S., Baumann, B., Barownick, W., Beutlich, J., Helmuth, R. and
Guerra, B. ESBLs Analyses carried out at the BfR within the SAFEFOODERA ESBLs Network. In:
SAFEFOODERA ESBLs 3rd Annual Meeting, London.
_______________
6
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011