SCH3U1
Types of Chemical Reactions
Purpose: To study and classify several different types of chemical reactions.
Background Information:
Hydrogen Gas: Place a lit wood splint into a sample of the unknown gas. A positive test is a small explosion (POP).
Oxygen Gas Test: Place a glowing wood splint into a sample of the unknown gas. If the splint re-ignites, the gas is
oxygen.
Materials and Procedure:
For each reaction, carry out the procedure and record your observations.
Reaction 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- 2 small test tubes
- test tube rack
- 0.02 mol/L sodium sulfate solution
- 0.02 mol/L barium chloride solution
Pour the sodium sulfate solution into one of the test tubes to a height of approximately 3 cm.
Pour barium chloride solution into the other test tube to a height of approximately 3 cm.
Mix the two solutions and record your observations.
Pour the mixture in the caustic/precitipate waste container.
Wash all glassware and place items back to original location.
Reaction 2
DEMONSTRATION ONLY. DO NOT TOUCH THE APPARATUS
- zinc strip
- 0.1 mol/L Iead (ll) nitrate solution
1. Observe the zinc strip and the lead (II) nitrate solution.
2. Observe the zinc strip that is inside the Iead (Il) nitrate solution.
Reaction 3
- copper
- Bunsen burner
- tongs
- flint lighter
1. Obtain a piece of copper and clean it with steek wool. Describe it.
2. Using the tongs, place the copper in the hottest part of the burner flame for a few minutes.
3. Remove the copper from the flame and examine it, Record your observations. Leave the copper for the next
group.
Reaction 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
- ammonium nitrate
- scoopula
Fill a test tube halfway with water and measure its temperature.
Obtain a small amount of ammonium nitrate on the end of the scoopula. Record the initial temperature.
Add the ammonium nitrate to the water and stir. Measure the final temperature and record the final temperature.
Put the waste in the acid/oxidizer waste container.
Reaction 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- small test tube
- test tube rack
- small test
- test tube rack
- flint lighter
- wooden splint
- Bunsen burner
- magnesium
- 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid
Pour the sulfuric acid into the test tube to a height of approximately 3 cm.
Obtain a piece of magnesium metal from your teacher. Describe both substances.
Add the magnesium to the sulfuric acid. Touch the bottom part of the test tube.
Test for the type of gas present in the test tube. Record your observations.
When finished, put the waste in the acid/oxidizer waste container.
Reaction 6
- two small test tubes
- sodium hydrogen carbonate
- limewater (saturated calcium hydroxide solution)
- 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid and dropper
1. Pour limewater into the test tube (1/4 full). Describe the limewater.
2. In a second test tube place some solid sodium hydrogen carbonate (1/8 full).
3. Using a dropper add several drops of hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydrogen carbonate. Gently pour ONLY the
gas produced from step 2 into the limewater test tube.
4. Stopper the limewater test tube and shake it until a change in the solution is observed. Record your obervations.
5. Put the waste in the caustic/precipitate container.
Reaction 7
TEACHER DEMONSTRATION ONLY.
- butane lighter
- test tube
- flint lughter
- wooden splint
- Bunsen burner
1. Fill about 1/10 of a test tube with butane gas using the water displacement.
2. Holding the tube away from others, light using a lit wooden splint.
Analysis:
1.
(a)
One the products in reaction 1 is sodium chloride, which is soluble (i.e. dissolves) in water. Name the
insoluble product.
(b)
Write the word equation for reaction 1.
(c)
Write the balanced chemical equation for reaction 1.
(d)
What type of reaction is reaction 1?
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Write tile word equation for reaction 2.
Write the balanced chemical equation for reaction 2.
What type of reaction is reaction 2?
3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
The only product reaction 3 is copper (II) oxide. Write the word equation for reaction 3.
Write the balanced chemical equation for reaction 3.
What type of reaction is reaction 3?
4.
(a)
Is the reaction 4 an endothermic or an exothermic?
(b)
The dissolving ammonium nitrate is considered a physical change. The ammonium nitrate simply
breaks up (dissociates) into two ions (ammonium and nitrate). Write a balanced chemical equation the dissolving
ammonium nitrate and show the charge on the two product ions. Include an energy term in the chemical equation
you have written.
5.
(a)
One of the products of reaction 5 is magnesium sulfate, which is soluble in water.
What is the other product?
(b)
Write the word equation for reaction.
(c)
Write the balanced chemical equation for reaction 5.
(d)
What type of reaction is reaction 5?
(e)
Is reaction 5 an endothermic reaction or an exothermic reaction? Include an energy term
in the chemical equation you have written.
6.
(a)
7.
(a)
Write the word equation for the complete combustion of butane.
(b)
Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of butane.
(c)
Is reaction 5 an endothermic reaction or an exothermic reaction? Include an energy term
in the chemical equation you have written.
The products of the first part are carbon dioxide, water and a very common salt.
Write the word equation and balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
(b)
In the gas test, the carbon dioxide gas first reacted with water to produce an oxyacid.
Write the word equation and balanced chemical equation for this process.
(c)
The limewater (calcium hydroxide) reacts with the product of the reaction in (b) to make a
salt and water. Write the balanced chemical equation fur this reaction.
(d)
Classify the type of reaction for each of a), b) and c).