Biological Evolution - Chapter 10
Biological Evolution
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Evolution the word, has _____________ meanings
Evolution – gradual change to improve or become more complex - _________
Evolution – ________ changes made by _________ to get what we see today – _____ to
_______ (theory of evolution)
Biological Evolution – process of living things going through _______________ through
history to get what we see today
o Evidence interpreted by a ______________  philosophical _______________
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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Evolutionists feel that they can support their theory if they can show how biological
evolution could have happened
o Offspring must first inherit new traits that make them different from their parents
o New traits must improve the offspring's ability to survive
Problems
o limitation of information proved by Mendel
 _____________ – became source of ______________
o assume that the new trait is a positive change
 If that animal doesn’t have lots of __________, it won’t be spread
throughout the population
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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Early evolution
o Lamarck – Theory of inheritance of ________________________
o Caused by an organisms ___________________
 Ex giraffe’s long neck
 The longer necked giraffes and legs ___________ to get to the tall leaves
– desired long neck – children inherited this characteristic
 ________ fluid
o Problem
 Traits that an organism acquires ____________ the organisms genetic
material
o My children will not inherit
 Ear piercing
 My muscular build
 My ______________
 _____________________
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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Darwin’s Theory: Natural Selection
o Every species there are ______________________ than can remain alive,
therefore, some will die
o Individuals in a species will ____________ with one another for the things
necessary for survival such as food, shelter, and mates
o In every species there are some ___________________________ to compete for
things more effectively
o Those individuals that have traits that allow them to win the competition are the
individuals that will live and reproduce. This process is sometimes called the
________________________________
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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o Those individuals that ______________________________
o ___________ the organisms with the traits _________________________will be
able to reproduce and pass on their traits
o Therefore cause new organism to ____________
All these are observable, but
o Information is ____________ available, not showing an increase of information,
but a _______________ of information
Also assumes that a favorable trait wins out
o If that organism _________________have any babies – __________
o Also _____________ that a favorable trait wins out
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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The peppered moth
o Of Moth’s and Men by Judith Hooper – not a creationist
o “in 25 years of research, I have only ever seen 2 moth’s casually on a tree”
o All pictures are _____________
 Lies perpetuated as truth – __________________
o Industrial melisma – an ____________ of evolution
o Dark colored moths, survive _____________________
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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Origin of Species – written by Charles _______________
o Tries to illustrate natural selection, by describing _______________________
 Man chooses the traits that he wants, and breeds out what he doesn’t want
o __________________________
 So how does evolution take place? _______________
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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De Vries’s Theory: Evolution by Mutation
o Mutations form new genes
 Usual change – chromosomal _____________
 Rearrangement or doubling of ________________
o For new genes to form, a gene mutation must occur
 Mutate once in every _____________ cell divisions
 Majority are somatic mutations – only ____________________________
 _________ mutations pass on to offspring
 Only _________ mutation for biological evolution – usually makes
the organism infertile – less babies
10A How Biological Evolution Supposedly took place
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Gene Mutations and Biological Evolution
o Question to ask
 How many gene mutations would need to take place to make a new
structure?
 Spider eye, part of a leaf etc
o Hundreds of thousands of mutations, occurring randomly in just the ___________
 ____________________
The Harmful Nature of Mutations
o Remember the loose screw in the clock?
o Most gene mutations will _____________ an organism
o Evolutionists argue that mutations can cause an organism to improve
 Ex:
 Radiation in Fruit flies
 ______________________
 ___________generations
Modern Evolutionary Theory
o Mutation-selection theory – __________________
3 main points
o Mutations supply ________________
o Organisms produce ________________ than can survive
o Selection allows only those with the ____________ to survive
Problems:
o Requires ______________________ of favorable mutations in the ______
sequences
o Favorable _____________ they produce the most babies
o What does the selecting?
10B A Record of Evolution?
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Evolutionary family tree
o Made to show relationships
o ___________ evolution
o Show ________________
Missing Links
o ____________________ link but millions
o __________ in the family tree of evolution
o Missing links are still ______________
o No ________ or 20/80
o Creatures found
Homologous structures
o Comparing the ______________ of _____________ animals
Question
o Does a designer always have to use and make totally different creations?
o Do we not see that designers have a certain style?
o What style of clothes do you like?
o God – creates all so there is like
o __________
Evolution and the fossil record
o Some believe it’s “_______________________”
o Should find the oldest layers filled with the ____________ organisms at the
_______of the evolutionary tree
o Should find the youngest layers filled with the ___________ organisms towards
the _________of the evolutionary tree
o ___________________
Fossil Deposits
o Sometimes rock layers contain only _____________ of organisms
o Dinosaur cemeteries
o Herring cemeteries
10B A Record of Evolution?
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Fossils, missing links, and common ancestors
o When placed on an evolutionary family tree, most fossils will fit in the
___________ groups of organisms
o Wooly mammoth – basically a ____________________________
o Few fossils, ____________ into the _________________ groups of organisms
o Trilobites – _____________________
 Quite different from spiders, crabs, and insects
10B A Record of Evolution?
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Archaeopteryx
o Controversial – missing link? Birds ______ reptiles
o Difference genetically between a feather and a scale, make some evolutionists
believe _____________________________
 ______________ Even know!
10B A Record of Evolution?
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___________ “fossils” - organisms supposedly ___________ millions of years ago, but
found today
o Coelacanth
o _________________
10B Record of Evolution?
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What the fossil record does support
o Nowhere on earth is there a __________________________ of fossil layers
o Missing links and common ancestors are __________________ by fossils
o Much evidence supports the idea of fossils being laid down over a short period of
time - _______________________
The Ultimate Question
o Miller – ___________ amino acids
o Amino acids – building blocks of life
o _____________ right hand amino acids – death
o How much of this experiment is designed?
 Fact
 ____________________ – destroys amino acids
 Atmosphere proven to have different gases
o (HIGH AMOUNT OF __________________)
Lucy - Australopithecus
o Dated ~ 3.22-3.18 mya
o Supposed proof that hominids ________________
What was the fossil evidence?
This? - NO, this __________ of her bones
Many faces of Lucy
What evidence did they have for the Face?
o People____________________!!!
Lucy is an ________ – look at the bones
Lucy is an Ape, Look at her bones